among the Oriental Churches than by has made a profound impression. Rome.

One of the most important works of recent Roman Catholic literature, the "Life of Photius," by Professor Hergenröther, of the University of Wurzburg. has been completed by the publication of the third volume. (Photius, Patriarch von Constantinopel. Ratisbon, 1869.) The third volume contains three sections: 1. The writings of Photius; 2. His theology; 3. The progress of the Greek schism. The author treats the whole subject from a strictly Roman Catholic stand-point; he recognizes, however, the literary, merits of Photius. In the last section the author carries the ecclesiastical controversy between the eastern and western Churches to the end of the thirteenth century. He announces that he is likely to treat in future of the ef

forts to reunite the two Churches.

in

An

other theological opponent of this penalty elaborate work against it, (Die Todesis H. Hetzel, who has written a very Entwicklung, Berlin, 1870,) in tracing strafe Ihrer culturgeschichtlichen its history among all the civilized nations from the earliest times to the present day, and reviewing all the arguments which at any time have been brought forward for or against it. A physician, Dr. Schaible, likewise an earnest opponent, treats of the subject with special reference to England, (Ueber die Todes und Freiheitsstrafe. Berlin, 1869.) From the stand-point of law, the penalty is attacked in the work of Loos, Town Counselor at Berlin, on the impossibility to prove the penalty of death. (Die Unmöglichkeit einer Begründung der Todesstrafe. death penalty has found a number of Berlin, 1870.) On the other hand, the new defenders, among whom are Pastor A. Fürer, (Die Todesstrafe, Schönebeck, 1869; an essay first read at the Lutheran Conference of Gnadau, and accompanied with an opinion of President von Gerlach, for many years one of the leaders of the conservative party,) Professor Dr. Wuttke, well known as a prominent theological writer, (in an article published in the Evangelische Kirchenzeitung,) and Dr. Kuntze, Professor of Law. (Ueber die Todesstrafe, Leipsic, 1868.)

Professor Hergenrother had promised to publish, as an appendix to the third volume, several inedited works of Photius; but he has since changed his intention, and published these works in a separate work, entitled Monumenta Graca ad Photium ejusque historiam spectantia. (Ratisbon, 1869.) These works, to each of which a Latin translation is added, are partly, without doubt, from Photius; partly their Photian origin is doubtful, and partly they are surely from others. The Roman Catholics are fond of bragThe publication of other works of prom-ging of the large number of distinguished inent authors of the Greek Church is persons who, since the beginning of the promised. Reformation, have joined their communion. A considerable number of works have been written on the subject, the largest one of which is from Dr. Räss, Bishop of Strasburg.

Germany has produced during the last two years a very extensive literature on the death penalty, called forth by the discussion of the subject in the Legislative Assemblies. Public opinion declares overwhelmingly against the penalty. From a theological point of view, one of the six "prelates" of the Lutheran Church of Wurtemberg, Mehring, has been for years a very earnest opponent of the death penalty, and a pamphlet published by him on the subject (Die Frage von der Todesstrafe, second edition, 1869)

A Protestant

professor of Heidelberg, Dr. Nippold, has

examined these transitions in a book en

titled "Which Ways lead to Rome?" (Welche Wege führen nach Rom? Heidelberg, 1869.) The work is written from a Rationalistic stand-point.

An able work on the Mormons has been published by Dr. Moriz Busch, (Geschichte der Mormonen, Leipsic, 1870.)

ART. XI.-SYNOPSIS OF THE QUARTERLIES, AND OTHERS OF THE HIGHER PERIODICALS.

American Quarterly Reviews.

AMERICAN PRESbyterian Review, January, 1870. (New York.) 1. What is it to Think? 2. Sin and Suffering in the Universe. 3. The Meeting of the Evangelical Alliance in New York. 4. Inspiration and the Historic Element in the Scriptures. 5. Biblical Theology, with Especial Reference to the New Testament. 6. The Development of Doctrine. 7. Solomon's Song.

BAPTIST QUARTERLY, January, 1870. (Philadelphia.)—1. Christ's Exaltation and Second Coming. 2. Spectrum Analysis. 3. Conception of Christ and Christianity in "Ecce Homo." 4. The New Dominion. 5. Baptism in the Greek Church. 6. The True Method of Preaching.

BIBLICAL REPERTORY AND PRINCETON REVIEW, January, 1870. (New York.)— 1. The History and Literature of Civil Service Reform. 2. The Early Regeneration of Sabbath-school Children. 3. The Life of Samuel Miller, D. D., LL. D. 4. A Fragment. What the Greeks thought of the Religion of the Jews. 5. The Reign of Law. 6. Adjourned Meetings of the General Assemblies at Pittsburgh. 7. The Life of Joseph Addison Alexander, D. D. 8. The Presbyterian ChurchIts Position and Work.

CHRISTIAN QUARTERLY, January, 1870. (Cincinnati.)-1. The Creed Question. 2. Christian Apologetics -Strauss and Renan. 3. The Newspaper and Periodical Press. 4. The Papacy and Civil Government. 5. Saul of Tarsus and Paul the Apostle. 6. The Eyes of the "World."

EVANGELICAL QUARTERLY REVIEW, January, 1870. (Gettysburgh.)—1. Importance and Connection of Works and Faith. 2. The Influence of Revivals on the

State of Religion. 3. Reminiscences of Lutheran Ministers. 4. Piety and Property. 5. The Greatness of being Useful. 6. The Chinese Problem. 7. The Ascensions of Christ. 8. The Question of Close Communion. 9. Christ's Prophecy of his Sufferings. 10. The Total Eclipse of the Sun of 1869. FREEWILL BAPTIST QUARTERLY, October, 1869. (Dover.) 1. Sketches of Life and Labor in India. 2. Special Providence and Free Moral Agency not Incom patible. 3. The Disestablishment of the Irish Church. 4. Lessons from the Temptations of Christ. 5. The Religious Condition of France, from the Revolution of 1789 to the Present Time. 6. The Office and Work of the Christian Ministry. 7. The Renaissance and the Reformation. MERCERSBURG REVIEW, January, 1870. (Philadelphia.)—1. Dr. Ebrard, and his Position on the Church Question. 2. The Intermediate State. 3. Authority and Freedom. 4. Anthropological Statistics. 5. Progressive Conservatism. 6. Once for All. 7. The Pericopes, or Selections of Gospels and Epistles for the Church Year. 8. The Bible in the Common Schools. 9. The General Synod. NEW ENGLANDER, January, 1870. (New Haven.)-1. The Chinese Migration. 2. The Life of a Jesuit Father of Our Own Day-Father De Ravignan. 3. Father Hyacinthe. 4. Review of the Life of Dr. Joseph Addison Alexander. 5. Moral Results of the Romish System. 6. James Russell Lowell and Robert Browning. NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW, January, 1870. (Boston.)-1. The Let-alone Principle. 2. Indian Migrations. 3. An Ancient Creed. 4. Railway Problems in 1869. 5. The Ecclesiastical Crisis in England. 6. The Treasury Reports. THEOLOGICAL MEDIUM, January, 1870. (Nashville, Tenn.)-1. The Necessity of a Knowledge of Ecclesiastical History to Young Men preparing for the Ministry. 2. The Atonement. 3. Preparation for the Pulpit. 4. Infant Salvation.. 5. Power in the Pulpit. 6. A Right View of the Church is Necessary to a Right View of the Ministry-The Life of the One is Maintained by the Life of the Other. 7. Woman's Work in the Church. 8. The Bible in the Public Schools.

UNIVERSALIST QUARTERLY, January, 1870. (Boston.)—1. Africa: Physical, Historical, and Ethnological. 2. Primeval Man. 3. The Nature and Character of Christ. 4. Life and Death Eternal. 5. Recent German Literature. 6. The Spirit of the Monks. 7. The Moravians.

BIBLIOTHECA SACRA, January, 1870. (Andover.)-1. The Incarnation. 2. Revelation and Inspiration. 3. The Human Intellect. 4. The Progress of Truth Dependent on Correct Interpretation. 5. Bethesda and its Miracle. 6. The Doctrine of the Apostles. 7. Recent Theories on the Origin of Language. 8. New Studies in Egyptology. 9. Assyrian Studies-Text-Books. 10. The Topography of Jerusalem.

The first article by Professor Reubelt is learned and able. It is written in favor of what is called the Kenosis; that is, as we understand it, the doctrine that, dichotomically speaking, the second person of the Trinity reduced itself to human dimensions and became the soul of Jesus. The soul of Christ was the Logos diminished down to humanity. We are not disposed to dogmatize on such a subject. We must speak with respect of a dogma held by Dorner, Pressensé, and by Dr. Nast. But as the doctrine must necessarily be that the Logos became truly and intrinsically a human soul, (otherwise Christ was not a perfect man,) it seems to follow that during the period of the hypostatic union there is no divine Logos, and there is no Trinity; only a dunity. To the discussion of this view the Professor would forbid our coming with "preconceived notions." But, we reply, we necessarily come to all subjects, not blank and idiotic, but with some previous prepossessions. And when we are told that the Infinite can become finite, can annihilate an infinity of power, and so can annihilate Himself, we beg to be excused from surrendering all our previous views of the necessary existence of God, and approaching the awful confines of Atheism. Surrender the doctrine of the necessary existence of God, and you surrender one stronghold of Theism. God exists in the fullness of his necessary omnipotence, omnipresence, and eternity. These attributes he may vail, may withhold their display in specific acts; but how can he abdicate or diminish their existence ?

The Professor's first proof-text is, The Word became flesh; which he transforms into The Word became man. Thereupon he insists that these words affirm that the eternal Logos ceased to be God and commenced to be man! But if ¿yévεTo is to receive so literal a rendering, we must literalize oàpš also; and then we shall have it that the eternal Logos ceased to be God and became a portion of fleshly matter. The Professor's argument from Mark xiii, 32, we think, he will find amply answered in our commentary on the passage.

English Reviews.

BRITISH AND FOREIGN EVANGELICAL REVIEW, January, 1870. (London.)-1. The Jewish Synagogue. 2. The Distinctive Character of Old Testament Scripture. 3. Life of Sir William Hamilton. 4. Laics in Theology-1. Matthew Arnold. 5. "As Regards Protoplasm." 6. A Chapter on France. 7. Union of Church and State. 8. Female Catholic Life in France. 9. Principal Candlish's Introductory Lecture.

BRITISH QUARTERLY REVIEW, January, 1870. (London.)-1. The Irish Land Question. 2. Lord Lytton's Horace. 3. Revision of the English Bible. 4. The Free Church of Scotland. 5. National Education-The Union vs. The League. 6. Ecumenical Councils. 7. Mr. Tennyson's New Poems. LONDON QUARTERLY Review, January, 1870. (London.)-1. Denominational and National Education. 2. The Diary of Henry Crabb Robinson. 3. Morris's Poetry. 4. The Greco-Russian Church. 5. Reconstruction of the Irish Church. 6. Ultramontanism. 7. Egypt and the Suez Canal. 8. Sainte-Beuve and Renan. NORTH BRITISH REVIEW, January, 1870. (Scott's Republication, New York, 140 Fulton-street.)-1. Babylonian and Assyrian Libraries. 2. Swift. 3. Origin of American State Rights. 4. Autobiographies. 5. Decentralization in France and Prussia. 6. History of Irish Land Tenures. 7. Repentance of the Tory Party. WESTMINSTER REVIEW, January, 1870. (Scott's Republication, New York, 140 Fulton-street.)-1. Our Colonial Empire. 2. Land Tenures and their Consequences. 3. The Subjection of Women. 4. The Irish Land Question. 5. Prostitution: Governmental Experiments in Controlling it. 6. Our Policy in China. 7. American Claims on England.

EDINBURGH REVIEW, January, 1870. (Scott's Republication, New York, 140 Fulton-street, N. Y.)-1. Mr. Froude's History of Queen Elizabeth. 2. Geological Theory in Britain. 3. Memoirs of General von Brandt. 4. Sir Charles Adderley on Colonial Policy. 5. John Calvin in Church and State. 6. London Topography and Street-nomenclature. 7. Veitch's Memoir of Sir William Hamilton. 8. The Prechristian Cross. 9. The Irish Land Question.

Touching the destiny of earth and sun, the second article has the following passage:

It is absolutely certain that all planetary matter is inevitably gravitating toward the sun, which will be the common bourne of our system. "As surely," eloquently writes Sir William Thomson, "as the weights of a clock run down to their lowest position, from which they can never rise again unless fresh energy is communicated to them from some source not yet exhausted, so surely must planet after planet creep in, age by age, toward the sun;" not one can escape its fiery end. In like manner the satellites of the planets must inevitably fall into their respective planets.

As, then, it has been proved by geology that our earth had a fiery beginning, so it is shown, by an appeal to the law of gravitation, that it will have a fiery end.... The earth passed from the incandescent into the habitable state, and will have its individuality annihilated by falling into the sun, and the same fate will ultimately overtake the sun if it be true that it also is revolving round some enormously distant center of attraction.

German Reviews.

STUDIEN UND KRITIKEN. (Essays and Reviews.) 1870. Second Number. Essays: 1. BEYSCHLAG, The "Vision Theory" and its most Recent Defenses 2. WIESELER, The Fourth Book of Ezra Examined with Regard to its Content. and Age. 3. Christianity and Civilization. Thought and Remarks: 1. SACK, A Few Passages on the Fear of the Lord. Reviews: CASPANY, ChronologicalGeographical Introduction to the Life of Jesus Christ, reviewed by RoscH. The first article concludes the important defense of the reality of the resurrection of Christ, against the work of Dr. Holsten,

which, on all sides, is admitted to be the ablest work against it on the side of the Rationalists.

In the second article, Professor Karl Wieseler, one of the most learned exegetical writers of Germany, enters into a learned in vestigation of the age and the contents of the apocryphal Fourth Book of Ezra, one of the most important Jewish writings of the time of Christ. This work has of late become a favorite object of exegetical research. Ewald has published the Arabic text, with various readings, of the Ethiopic translation, (Das 4te, Ezrabuch, 1863;) Volkmar, a new edition of the Latin text, (Handbuch der Einleitung in die Apocryphen, second edition, 1863;) Ceriani, the Syriac text, with a Latin translation, (Monumenta sacra et profana ex codicibus præsertim biblioth. Ambrosianæ, 18611868,) and Hilgenfeld, a Latin translation of the Armenian text, by Petermann, (Messias Judæorum, 1869.) The opinions of the scholars about the origin of the book still vary from the time of Cæsar to that of Domitian. Wieseler endeavors to confirm the opinion expressed by him in a former writing, that it was compiled under the Emperor Domitian.

ZEITSCHRIFT FÜR HISTORISCHE THEOLOGIE. (Journal for Historical Theology.) 1870. Second Number. 1. NOBBE, Life of Dr. Hieronymus Weller. 2. SCHURER, The Easter Controversy of the Second Century. 3. Cassiodori Reinii Epistolæ tredecim ad Matthiam Ritterum datæ. 4. Letter of Charles V. to the King of Poland, written by A. VALDES.

Zeitschrift für WISSENSCHAFTLICHE THEOLOGIE. (Journal of Scientific Theology, edited by Professor Hilgenfeld.) 1870. Second Number. 1. WERNER, Conscience, an Ethical Essay. 2. HILGENFELD, New Works on the Gospels. 3. PFLEIDERER, The Evangelical Narrative on the Temptation of Jesus. 4. NOLDEKE, Further Remarks on the Unhistoric Character of Genesis xlv. 5. SPIEGEL, Some Remarks on the Family Jerusalem.

ART. XII-QUARTERLY BOOK-TABLE.

Religion, Theology, and Biblical Literature.

Rome and Italy at the Opening of the Ecumenical Council. Depicted in Twelve Letters Written from Rome to a Gentleman in America. By EDMOND DE PRESSENSE, Pastor of the Evangelical Church in Paris. Translated by Rev. GEORGE PRENTICE, A. M. 12mo., pp. 327. New York: Carlton & Lanahan. Cincinnati: Hitchcock & Walden. 1870.

The "Gentleman in America" is any American who is wise enough to buy and read the book. The "Letters" were received from Rome in the author's autograph by Carlton & Lanahan, and FOURTH SERIES, VOL. XXII.-19