lists of fishes, stones and spices. But the deviations from the Historia we will consider elsewhere (verses 2913-15106 relate to incidents which are not found in the Latin story). At the close of the poem Henry introduces into his rhyme his name and address "Wie ditz puoch si erdaht unde in deutsche rime praht ez geschach ze Wienne in Osterrich waz ich sage daz ist war ez sint me dau tousent jar daz ditz puoch zem ersten wart geschriben daz ez nie von keinem man daz sage ich eu des ist niht rat, ein schoeneu frouwe in drumbe pat : Meister Heinrich von der Neuwenstat ein arzet von den puochen. wil in ieman suochen er ist gesezzen an dem Graben got muez in in siner huote haben " (Strobl., p. 124, lines 20,844-20,861). In Von Gotes Zuokunft (line 467), the poet again alludes to his Austrian nativity. The latin book of the Apollonius he says he obtained from Nicolas of Stadlaw : "der saelic pfarraere her Niclas von Stadlouwe." Nicolas lived, as Ferdinand Wolf has demonstrated (Wiener Jahrbücher der L. ii, 56, 257), in the first quarter of the fourteenth century. He appears in the records of the years 1297-1318, together with Bernhard von Krannest, of whom there are records from 1304 until 1332, and who also is referred to in the poem (line 13,696). In 1312 Heinrich and his wife Alheit were given the Freisingerhofe, located upon the Graben in Vienna. It was therefore after he was gesezzen an dem Graben," or after 1312, that he wrote Apollonius, which from various other reasons is believed to have been preceded by the other composition of the same author (Von Gotes 1 This declaration that before Heinrich no translation had been made from the Latin into German rhyme, strengthens Weismann's theory quoted above. Zuokunft), in which there is no reference to the house upon the Graben. Two German prose translations of the Latin text of the Historia were published in 1873 by Carl Shröder.1 The first is from a manuscript of the fifteenth century, now in Leipzig, in the handwriting of a Saxon monk who lived probably in the neighborhood of Meissen.' The other is in a MS. of the same century at Donaueschingen, written in the Suabian dialect and closely resembling the Volksbuch written by Heinrich Steinhöwel and published by Gintherus Zainer von Reutlingen at Antwerp, in 1471-Die hystory des Küniges Appollonij vo latin zu teutsch gemachet, Gintherus Zainer von Reutlingen. Augspurg, 1471, fol. (31 leaves; 35 lines to the full page; without pagination, signature or catch words). The book is believed by some to have been written in 1461, by others in 1464. An acrostic found in the poem gives the date of composition. Bartsch (Germanische Studien, ii, 305) fixes the date at 1461; Singer at 1464. Heinrich Steinhöwel, the author, was born in 1412 at Weil. He visited Italy, studied medicine at Padua, and practiced his profession in Esslingen. He died at Ulm in 1483. He was a translator, and published a rendering of Petrarch's Latin version of Boccaccio's Griseldis. He also translated Boccaccio's De Claris Mulieribus, which was printed by Johann Zainer von Reutlingen, 1473, and reprinted by Anton Sorg, 1479. It is also published by Karl Drescher in Bibliothek des Litt. Vereins in Stuttgart, Vol. 205. This Augsburg Apollonius was reprinted by Joh. Bemler in 1476; Anth. Sorg, 1479 and 1480; at Ulm, 1495; again at Ulm, by Hans Zeiner, 1499, and at Augsburg, by H. Froschauer, 1516. It is the same book that bears the title Von Künig Appolonio. Eyn schöne und lustige Histori nit mynders nutzlich dann kurtzweilig zu 1 "Griseldis. Apollonius von Tyrus. Aus Handschriften herausgegeben von Carl Schröder, Leipzig, T. O. Weigel, 1873." This is Heft ii, Pt. 5, of Mittheilungen der deutschen Gesellschaft zur Erforschung vaterländischer Sprache und Altertümer in Leipzig, pp. 85-131. 2 Haupt speaks of another MS. in Breslau (Opuscula, iii, 28). A conjecture of Schröder, adopted by Penon. 4 Paul, Grundriss, ii, i, 403 (article by F. Vogt), Wackernagel-Martin, Gesch. der deut. Lit., S. 454, A. 234, gives 1420 as the year of birth. For the biography of Steinhöwel, see Keller Litteratur Verein, 51: 673, and Wunderlich, St. und das Decameron, 1889. lesen. Vor Jarn durch D. Gotfrid von Viterb. im latein beschrieben. Nachmaln inns Teutsch verwendet. 1540, Augsburg, H. Steyner. And again, Ein schöne History Appolonius, wie er von seinem Landt vertrieben, schiffbruch und mancherlei unglück erlitten, und doch endlich durch Glück wider in sein Landt kommen ist. Augsburg, 1556.1 Steinhöwel fixes the date of the reign of Apollonius with great care: "Das ist ain Vorred in die hystorie des Küniges Appolonii das man wisse wen er geregnieret hab.” He arrives at the proper period by a gradual descent from Eden and the flood to the fall of Troy, the building of Rome, the division of the world after the death of Alexander, etc. There is a mild pathos and humor in the author's personal reminiscence and profession : "Ett ichs geton sumnus bass Ain rapp singt all zeit cras cras cras, Nun und viertzig iar in Hoffnung gewebt Ich gedacht allweg bis morn beitt Usz dem bleib ich an künsten vol." After settling the time of the reign, the translator enters upon a description of the incest, in which he closely resembles Wynkyn de Worde (1510). Apollonius guesses the king's riddle, whereupon Antiochus lies angrily saying that his solution "in no way answers the question." When Apollonius reaches home he looks in his books and finds that in all things he has answered the king aright. He departs from Tyre in the middle hour of the night, unknown to all the citizens. When his flight is discovered there is great sadness, no dancing, no marriages-"alle tabernen waren beschlossen. Elemitus (Hellenicus) is the bearer of the warning to Apollonius. The prince relieves the distress of Tarsus with 100,000 measures of wheat, declines compensation, and the grateful burghers erect a statue of him with corn in his right hand and his left foot spurning gold. The king's daughter in this version is called Cleopatra ;2 1 Grässe, Trésor de livres rares et précieux, i, 165; Grässe, Lehrbuch einer allgemeinen Literärgeschichte, ii, 3: 459, 460. * She is called "Camilla" in two Latin MSS., Vienna 362 and Vienna 510, (sæc xiii), and the daughter of Antiochus is called in them Creusa. "You are she is instructed in music by Apollonius, to whom she says, called Apollonius; it were better to call you Apollo." As they walk by the seashore a ship approaches land. "We are from Tyre," says the captain. "A land well known to me," replies Apollonius. "Do you know Apollonius?" queries the captain, and Apollonius replies, "Ja, ich kenn im so wol als mich selber." Whereupon the king says, "Yesterday he was like me, to-day he is a lord of the earth; before this he has been my son, now I am less than he." The rest of the story follows closely the outlines of the Historia. Ain Hübsche Hystori von dem Künig Appolonius [with woodcuts], Augspurg, 1552; Hans Zimmerman. This is a reprint with slight changes of the edition of 1471. The woodcuts are curious: on the title page is a picture of Alexander the Great, and the other illustrations represent the king issuing from his daughter's chamber; the king stating the riddle to the princely suitors; Apollonius setting forth on his voyage homeward from Antioch; the return of Taliarchus from an unsuccessful journey, and reporting to the king the flight of Apollonius; the landing of Apollonius in Tarsus; his boats laden with bags of corn; relieving the famine; shipwreck; fisherman receiving Apollonius; Apollonius in the bath at Pentapolis; at table with Archistrates and his daughter; the king's daughter playing on the harp; the love-sick daughter visited by her father; the king joining the hands of the lovers; the burning of Antiochus and his daughter; the casting overboard of the chest; Cerimon finding the chest; Stranguillio and Dionysia with the infant Tharsia; death of Ligorides; Philomancia and Tharsia in school; pirates escaping with Tharsia; Tharsia sold to the Gemein Frawenhausz; arrival of Apollonius; interview of Athenagoras and Tharsia; Apollonius, Tharsia and her husband sail for Ephesus; Apollonius recognizes "Cleopatra," his wife; journey in state to Antioch; rewarding the fisherman. The whole eventful history ends with this rustic clapping of hands and sequent prayer : "Damit sag ich Lob, Danck und Eer Alpha und ort widerkeer Pillich wann er hat gegeben Appolonius strenges Leben Klar zu Teutschem ausz Latein Etlicher alten Hystoryen. Mit namen liesz ich nicht verderben Doctor Gotfrides von Viterben Obersters Cronickschreyben Mit dem die Kirch auch wil beleyben Ewig das wir sind behalten Mit allen Rainen Jungen Alten." Hie endet sich die Hystory des Künigs Appolonius. Getruckt und Vollendt in diser Kayserlichen uund Loblichen Stat Augspurg. Durch Hausen Zimmerman, Anno MDLII. SCANDINAVIAN VERSIONS. Eine schöne unde kortwylige Historia vam Könige Appollonio wo he van Landt unde Lüden vordreven unde vorjaget. octavo. . . unde doch thom lesten wedder in syn Lundt gekamen ys. Hamborch, 1601, This version by Herman Moller, which follows the Augsburg of 1552, corresponds to the Danish folkbook entitled, En dejlik og skjön Historie om Kong Apollonio i hvilken Lykkens Hjul og Verdens Ustadighed beskrives; lystig og fornö jelig at læse og höre. Kjobenhavn, udi dette Aar, 1627. (The beautiful and charming history of King Apollonius, in which the wheel of fortune and the mutability of life are described; jolly and novel to read and hear.) A copy of this scarce book is in the `Karen Brahes Library in Odensee (Finland). Another edition is dated 1731 (see Grundtvig, Om Nordensgamle Literatur, Copenhagen, 1867, p. 5. It is also quoted in Rasmus Nyerup, Almindelig Morskabslæsning, Copenhagen, 1816, p. 168, 169. Cf. Haupt, Opuscula, iii, 29). The same version (corresponding to the Gesta Romanorum and containing two riddles-unda and navis) was printed at Copenhagen, 1660, and a translation of it (Icelandic) is "Additional MS. 4857" in the British Museum. The title, identical in meaning with the Danish, is "Ein Agiæt og fogur Historia wmm Kong Apollonius i huorre luckunnar og veralldarin nar östodugleike skrifast miog nitsamleg ad heira og lesa Prented i Kaupmannahafn, af Christen Jenssyne Wering Acad. og Bökpryckiara, anno 1660, Sagann af Apollonius Konunge til Tyro," January 7, 1670. "Additional MS." 4864 (British Museum) is a modified version of the former. The Apollonius is also to be found in Rafn's translation of the Didrig saga, Nordiske Fortids Sagær efter den udgivne islandske |