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failure of qualified candidates so nominated, one of others not so nominated may be elected. The duties of the librarian shall be prescribed by the rules of administration and order of the Society.

CHAPTER IX.

OF THE MEETINGS OF THE SOCIETY.

SECTION 1. The stated meetings of the Society shall be on the first and third Fridays of every month from October to May inclusive, at eight o'clock in the evening. Special meetings may be called at any time by order of the president; or, in his absence or disability, by order of a vice-president. And it shall not be lawful to take up, consider or transact at such special meeting any business other than that which is specified in the call and the notice for the meeting. Should the time for any stated meeting, other than the meeting on the day of an annual election, fall on a legal holiday, such meeting shall not be held on that day, but shall be held on the next Friday.

2. Twenty qualified voters, of whom seven shall be members of the officers and council, present at any stated or special meeting, shall be a quorum, and be competent to elect members, dispose of property, appropriate money, and award premiums; but no property shall be alienated or encumbered, except by the vote of three-fourths of the qualified voters present, and given at two successive stated meetings. For the transaction of the ordinary business, the reception and reference of communications on literary, scientific, or other subjects, the members present shall be deemed competent to act, and shall form a quorum.

3. Those members shall be considered qualified voters at the meetings who have subscribed the roll and paid the admission fee, and who are not in arrears to the Society.

CHAPTER X.

OF STANDING AND SPECIAL COMMITTEES.

SECTION 1. There shall be chosen, at the stated meeting on the third Friday of January in each year, three members of the Society to be a committee of finance, five to be a committee of publication, three to be a committee on the hall, and five to be a committee on the library. Such other committees may be constituted from time to time as the Society shall think expedient.

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2. The committee of finance shall have the dence of the financial concerns of the Society. with the treasurer, and with any custodian of the Society's property, and authorize and direct investments of its surplus funds. shall always have access to his books, accounts, and vouchers; and they shall annually audit the same, and on the second Friday of December file with the secretaries a full report on the state of the treasury, particularly distinguishing the several funds, and the income and disbursements of each, and recommending the amounts which should be appropriated for different objects of expenditure during the ensuing calendar year. They shall also have power, subject to the approval of the council, to remit the fees and contributions of members.

3. The committee of publication shall perform such duties in respect of publications as shall be prescribed by the rules of administration and order.

4. The committee on the hall shall perform such duties in respect of the hall and matters incidental thereto as shall be prescribed by the rules of administration and order.

5. The committee on the library shall perform such duties in respect of the library as shall be prescribed by the rules of administration and order.

6. No committee appointed on any subject of deliberation shall consist of less than three members; but any other matter may be committed to a single member. A majority of any committee shall be a quorum.

7. No officer or committee, or other body of the Society, shall have power to incur any expense, or to charge the Society with any debt or other obligation, without the authority of the Society previously given.

CHAPTER XI.

OF RULES OF ADMINISTRATION AND ORDER.

SECTION 1. Rules of administration and order not inconsistent with the charter and laws of the Society may be made and changed from time to time by the stated meetings; but no rule shall be changed, rescinded or suspended otherwise than in the manner provided by the rules, or in respect of change or rescission, upon written notice publicly given at a stated meeting, showing the particular change or rescission proposed, and agreed to at the next stated meeting.

CHAPTER XII.

OF THE LAWS OF THE SOCIETY.

SECTION 1. No statute, law, regulation, or ordinance shall ever be made or passed by the Society, or be binding upon the members thereof, or any of them, unless the same hath been duly proposed and fairly drawn up in writing, at one stated meeting of the Society, and enacted or passed at a subsequent meeting, at least the space of fourteen days after the former meeting, and upon due notice in some of the public newspapers, and in notices sent by mail to the members whose addresses shall have been furnished to the secretaries, that the enacting of statutes and laws, or the making and passing ordinances and regulations, will be part of the business of such meeting.

2. Nor shall any statute, law, regulation, or ordinance be then, or at any time, enacted or passed, unless twenty members of the Society be present in addition to the quorum of the officers and council; nor unless the same be voted by two-thirds of the whole body present.

ORDINANCE No. 1.

It is hereby ordained and declared that the foregoing twelve chapters shall be hereafter the laws of the Society. And all laws heretofore existing on the subjects embraced in the said twelve chapters and all ordinances, regulations, rules and orders inconsistent therewith be and the same are hereby repealed.

ORDINANCE No. 2.

And it is further hereby ordained that all laws, regulations and orders of the Society not embraced in the foregoing provisions shall, for the time being, stand and be in force as the rules of administration and order of the Society until they shall be repealed or changed in conformity with the provisions of Chapter XI of the laws now enacted.

Mr. Edmunds moved that the Chair appoint a Committee of five members to report at the earliest practicable opportunity a body of rules of administration and order of the Society. Carried.

PROC. AMER. PHILOS. SOC. XXXVII. 157. K. PRINTED JULY 6, 1898.

Mr. Dickson, Mr. Ingham, Dr. Hays, Dr. Jayne and Mr. Pettit were appointed as the Committee.

A report was presented from the Special Committee appointed on the paper of Mr. Rhoads, entitled "Contributions to a Revision of the North American Beavers, Otters and Fishes," in favor of its publication in the Transactions, and it was so ordered.

Stated Meeting, May 20, 1898.

Vice-President PEPPER in the Chair.

Present, 35 members.

Donations to the Library were laid on the table, and thanks were ordered for them.

Prof. Albert H. Smyth, presenting the portrait of Mr. Frederick Fraley, said:

It had been the intention and the hope of Mr. J. G. Rosengarten to be present this evening and in accordance with the request of the subscribers, to present to the American Philosophical Society two portraits, one of Mr. Frederick Fraley, our honored President, the other of Prof. John Peter Lesley, for many years a Vice-President of this Society.

But Mr. Rosengarten is prevented from being here, and has asked me to act in his stead.

In the long and distinguished history of the American Philosophical Society, fifteen Presidents, from Franklin to Fraley, have successively presided over its meetings and guided its policy. Portraits of all these-Franklin, Rittenhouse, Jefferson, Wistar, the Pattersons, the Baches, Tilghman, Duponceau, Chapman, Kane and Wood-hang upon our walls, together with many of that illustrious company who have contributed to the scientific and the literary glory of the Philosophical Society.

A little while ago several of the friends of Mr. Fraley, within and without this Society, desiring to express, as Hamlet says, their "love and friending" to him, and to place in the Hall of the Society over which he has presided with such zeal and success some

token of their admiration and respect, learned that an excellent portrait of him had been painted.

Subscriptions were promptly made to a fund for the purchase of it and the portrait was obtained.

Upon the twenty-eighth of this month, Mr. Fraley, whose extraordinary activities cover well-nigh a century of time, will celebrate his ninety-fourth birthday; and this therefore being the meeting of the Society nearest to that happy anniversary has been chosen for the formal presentation.

In behalf of the subscribers, I present to the American Philosophical Society this portrait of Mr. Frederick Fraley.

Prof. Prime moved that the thanks of the Society be tendered to those gentlemen who presented the portraits, and that the said portraits shall be hung on the walls of the Hall, and shall be under the care of the Curators.

HAMPTON L. CARSON, Esq., in accepting the portrait of Mr. Fraley, in behalf of the Society, said:

The agreeable duty has been assigned to me of speaking in support of the Resolution of acceptance in behalf of the Society, and I respond with peculiar pleasure; first, because I am aware of the value of the services rendered to us for so many years by our venerable and venerated President, and next, because I cherish for him personally the most affectionate and reverential regard. I look back over thirty years of my own recollections, and I see him foremost in all measures tending to promote the commerce, finance, manufactures and mechanic arts of Philadelphia, and a leader in all movements to extend her civic industrial and educational influence. I look beyond into the history of the preceding forty years, and I still see him conspicuous, even at an early age, among many honored men who have long since passed to their reward.

At the age of twenty he was one of the founders of the Franklin Institute, and has been a member for seventy-four years. At the age of thirty he was a member of our City Council, serving as Chairman of the Finance Committee, a pilot standing at the helm with clear head and steady hand, during the troubled period of 1837. He was an earnest advocate, in opposition to the views of such men as Horace Binney, of the introduction of gas as a means of lighting our City. He was at his post in the State Senate

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