ends, and vacations in which to extend one's interests, personal and professional.

"I like teaching because the relation of teacher to learner in whatever capacity is one of the most interesting and delightful in the world.

"Teaching is attractive because it imposes a minimum of drudgery. Its day is not too long,and is so broken by intermissions, and so varied in its schedule of duties as to exclude undue weariness or monotony. The program of each school day is a new and interesting adventure.

"Teaching invites to constant growth and improvement. The teacher is in daily contact with books, magazines, libraries, and all of the most vital forces of thought and leadership, social and educational. It is work that stimulates ambition and enhances personal worth. There is no greater developer of character to be found.

"Also, teaching includes a wide range of positions and interests, extending from kindergarten to university, covering every section where schools are maintained and embracing every variety of effort, whether academic, artistic, industrial, commercial, agricultural, or professional.

"There is no work in which men and women engage which more directly and fundamentally serves society and the state. Teaching is the biggest and best profession in the nation, because it creates and moulds the nation's citizenship. It is the very foundation and mainstay of the national life.

"And now, at last, the teacher's work is coming into its own. From now on, the teacher will be adequately paid, and accorded the place which is rightfully his in the public regard.

"The TRUE TEACHER is, and may well be, proud of the title, for his work is akin to that of the Master Builder, the creation of a temple not made with hands."

The first conference of the committee appointed last July by the State Superintendents of Public Instruction to collaborate with the Savings Division of the Treasury Department will take place in Washington early in November. Mrs. Mary C. C. Bradford, chairman of the committee and former president of the National Education Association, has just issued a call to assemble the committee at that time. The State Superintendents selected seven of their number at their conference in Salt Lake City, just prior to the opening of the National Education Association convention, to join with the Savings Division of the Treasury Department in the development of plans and materials which will make the principles and practice of saving money

and material and the investment of savings in small government securities a part of the permanent education of children. This subject is a vital one, and the deliberations of this conference will be welcomed by thoughtful parents and teachers as an aid in teaching children and young people the wisdom, advantage, and pleasure of saving. Very few acquire this virtue spontaneously. But when once acquired, and practised intelligently and with due regard to other and still higher virtues of generosity and unselfishness, it becomes one of the corner-stones of true prosperity and nobility. Let us have all the emphasis that can be laid upon it in both the home and school training.

Statistics of the June graduates and September enrollment of State Normal Schools in New Jersey are significant. They are officially given as follows: There were graduated from State Normal Schools in June, 1920, 448 students. Of these, 6 were men. The number of graduates in 1919 was 620, of whom 3 were men. These graduates were from the various schools as follows:

Trenton State Normal School.... 1 222 223 3 140 143

The September entering classes of the State Normal Schools number as follows: Trenton, 1919, 215; 1920, 280. Montclair, 1919, 159; 1920, 197. Newark, 1919, 275; 1920, 312. Total, 1919, 649; 1920, 789. The above statement shows that the number graduated from the State Normal Schools in 1920 is 172 less than it was a year ago, and this in spite of the fact that, owning to the growth of schools in New Jersey, more teachers are required each year than in the preceding year. An encouraging feature of the situation, however, is that the number of young women entering the State Normal Schools in the fall of 1920 is 140 more than it was in the fall of 1919.

EDITOR'S NOTE:

So many books are sent to this department of EDUCATION that it is impossible to review them all. Naturally we feel under obligation to give preference to the books of those publishing houses which more or less frequently use our advertising pages, Outside of the limitations thus set, we shall usually be able and glad to mention by title, authors, publisher and price, such books as are sent to us for this purpose. More elaborate notices will necessarily be conditional upon our convenience and the character of the books them

selves.

TEACHERS' PENSION SYSTEMS IN THE UNITED STATES. A Critical and Descriptive Study. By Paul Studensky. D. Appleton and Company. Price $3.00.

This volume is timely in view of the wide interest now shown by the public in the condition, past, present and future, of the public and private school teachers. The study was begun under the auspices of the Rockefeller Foundation but was finished by the author under the direction of the Institute for Government Research. The necessity of making adequate financial provision for the retirement of teachers is a matter of simple justice to them, and it is also a protection to the public, since it secures the retirement of those who by reason of sickness and old age are no longer really fitted to meet the exacting requirements of the work, but who might, nevertheless, continue to make the effort to fill their positions in view of their own financial situation. Massachusetts is given the honor of having been the first to establish a sound pension system for teachers. New York City came next. The movement has gradually gained impetus and the outlook is in general a hopeful one. It is well to have this full and detailed presentation of the subject in a book of nearly five hundred pages, in which the principles and the actual experiences of those who have concretely applied them, are so carefully reviewed.

FRENCH CONVERSATION AND COMPOSITION. By Harry Vincent Wann, M. A. The Macmillan Company. Price $1.00.

This is a valuable little book for first or second year students of French. It furnishes material for conversation (based on anecdotes, plays, etc.) and also provides opportunity for a review of elementary principles of grammar toward the close of the first year's study of the language.

AN INTRODUCTION TO SCHOOL MUSIC TEACHING, By Karl Wilson Gehrkins. C. C. Birchard & Company, Boston.

Does not supply a method but presents general information about matters relating to the teaching of music in the public schools. Supervisors of music and superintendents of schools would do well to acquaint themselves with the contents of this helpful little volume. Its perusal will deepen any one's appreciation of the place and value of instruction in music in our schools.

APPLIED ARITHMETIC.

The Three Essentials.

and Frances Jenkins. Illustrations by E. H. Suydam. J. B. Lippincott Company.

By N. J. Lennes
Books II and III.

These belong to the Lippincott's School Text Series, edited by William F. Russell, Ph. D., Dean of the College of Education, State University of lowa. The second book of the series is intended to cover the work of the fifth and sixth grades. The third book is for grades seven and eight. In the selection and organization of the subject-matter care has been taken to adapt the material to the age of the child using the given book. The books furnish a minimum course. Where there is any doubt as to the appropriateness of suggested topics for the grade using either book such subjects are placed among the supplementary topics at the end of the volume. The authors have fully appreciated the necessity of making the subject interesting to the child and have consequently been very happy in their choice of illustrations and application of principles to the child's spontaneous interests, thus connecting arithmetic with the activities in which the child is interested and engaged. This is done so naturally that it is not a mere coating the pill with sugar. It is rather an appropriation and application of a well known principle of pedagogy by which understanding may develop out of genuine interest. These volumes are attractively bound and illustrated.

WHO'S WHO IN AMERICA. Vol. XI, 1920-1921. Edited by Albert Nelson Marquis, Chicago. A. N. Marquis & Company. Price $7.50.

One can but admire the special talent,-(or shall we say "genius"?) of the compiler and publisher of this plethoric, popular and useful volume. It has made an enviable place for itself and is at once a symptom of and an essential factor in modern civilization. It is probably as often consulted as "Webster's Dictionary"; and if it keeps on it may rival that Aldermanic and indispensable book. The present edition is thoroughly revised and brought down to date. It is published biennially, in May, and the next edition will be in May, 1922. It aims to present a complete record of the pedigree, the official relations and the notable achievements of all living Americans whose personality and deeds have made them and their lives of consequence to a considerable number of their contemporaries. Its growth is reflected in the following official statement: the first edition contained 827 pages and 8,602 sketches; the present edition contains 3,302 pages and 23,443 sketches,-of which 2,514 sketches appeared in no previous edition. So, reader, if you are not included do not despair; just write out your credentials and send them to Mr. Marquis and he will do the rest. His book is vastly useful in a multitude of ways.

PRINCIPLES OF SOCIOLOGY WITH EDUCATIONAL APPLICATIONS. By Frederick R. Clow, Ph. D. The Macmillan Company. Price $1.80.

This book is far more than a philosophical statement of principles and facts. It is an application of a method of study to a varied range of sociological conditions. The student is made to see the principles and their working in various social groups or institutions with which he is familiar, as for instance, his family, social club, church or neighborhood. From the concrete he is able to infer the abstract and is led along into thought and discussion until he suddenly becomes conscious that he has been thinking sociology. This is true study and becomes a delight. The habit once formed helps him in all his studies. It strengthens the intellect and broadens the sympathies and educates in the true sense of the word.

The book has many suggestive and commendable features such as the "Topics" at the close of each chapter, the "Problems" for discussion, the illustrative examples taken from school and community life, It should go far toward popularizing this subject in schools and

etc. colleges.

STORIES OF GREAT HEROES, DISCOVERERS, EXPLORERS AND CHRISTIANIZERS OF AMERICA. By Rev. James Higgins. Macmillan. Price 60 cents.

A feature of this book is the "Correlated Studies" which appear in connection with each story. These are intended to help the pupil in getting such a grasp of the main points brought out in the story that he can repeat them to other pupils, thus aiding him in both impression and expression. The book is intended for the grades and will promote a spirit of true patriotism in the student.

THE ELEMENTS OF NON-EUCLIDEAN GEOMETRY. By D. M. Y. Sommerville, M. A., D. Sc., Chicago. The Open Court Publishing Co. The author is Professor of Mathematics in Victoria University, Wellington, New Zealand.

A very able and original treatment of a difficult and somewhat obscure subject. A brief history of non-euclidean geometry is given in the first chapter. Chapters II and III develop the principal results in hyperbolic and elliptic geometries. Chapter IV gives the basis of an analytic treatment. Other chapters show the subject in its mathematical and philosophical aspects. There are various working exercises and some suitable examination papers. Students of higher mathematics will no doubt find this careful study of a difficult theme both interesting and profitable.