York, N. Y., 1864. Editor of the "New Eng land Magazine," 1835-37, when he transferred it to New York City as the "American Monthly Magazine." He also assisted Greeley upon the Tribune.' In 1840 Mr. Benjamin established Our New World." Of his many poems, which never have been collected, "The Old Sexton" is a familiar example. It was recalled by the present editor too late for insertion with poems of its date.

BENNETT, Henry Holcomb, journalist, b. Chillicothe, O., 1863. A writer of stories of army and frontier life. Much of his time is devoted to the science of ornithology.

BENNETT, John, b. Chillicothe, O., 1865. A writer of romantic historical fiction and children's stories. The prose of his "Master Skylark," in which we have Warwickshire, and London, and Shakespeare's time, and glimpses of gentle Will himself, is in choice keeping with the songs detached from it for this Anthology.

BENSEL, James Berry, b. New York, N. Y., 1856; d. there, 1886. The greater portion of his life was passed at Lynn, Mass. Ill-health and inability to complete his literary work, which at one time showed great promise, saddened his last years. Author of " King Kophetua's Wife," novel, 1883; "In the King's Garden, and other Poems," 1885.

BENTON, Joel, b. Amenia, N. Y., 1832. Editor for a while of the Amenia "Times," and a frequent literary contributor to newspapers and magazines. Has published "Emerson as a Poet," 1883; "In the Poe Circle," 1899.

BETHUNE, George Washington, b. New York, N. Y., 1805; d. Florence, Italy, 1862. Minister of note in the Dutch Reformed Church, Brooklyn, N. Y., and author of "Lays of Love and Faith," 1848; "Orations and Discourses, "1850. His edition of Walton's "The Compleat Angler " appeared in 1846.

BETTS, Craven Langstroth, b. St. John, New Brunswick, 1853. Of Loyalist descent. Was educated in his native city. Resided in New York after 1879, engaged in literary work.

Songs from Béranger,' translations, 1888; "The Perfume Holder: a Persian Love Poem,' 1892; "Tales of a Garrison Town," with A. W. Eaton, 1892; A Garland of Sonnets," 1899.

BIERCE, Ambrose, critic and journalist, b. Ohio, 1842, of New England parentage. He served as private and then as officer, through the Civil War. The remainder of his life, except a few years in England, has been passed chiefly in California, where he has written his pungent criticisms for the Examiner and other periodicals. Author of "Soldiers and Civilians; "Can Such Things Be?" short Black Beetles in Amber," satires in stories; verse, 1892; and "Fantastic Fables."

BLAKE, Mary Elizabeth (McGrath), b. Dungarven, Ireland, 184-. Her family removed

to Quincy, Mass., when she was six years old Since her marriage to Dr. J. G. Blake she ha lived in Boston. Author of "Poems,” 1881; "Youth in Twelve Centuries," 1886; "Verses Along the Way," 1890; and several books d travel.

BLOCK, Louis James, educator, b. 1851. His childhood was passed in St. Louis. A graduate of Washington University. For some years Mr. Block has resided in Chicago, and principal of one of its high schools. Author of

Exile, a Dramatic Episode," 1880; ** Dramatie Sketches and Poems," 1891; "The New World. with Other Verse," 1895; "Capriccios," 1898.

BLOEDE, Gertrude, "Stuart Sterne," b Dresden, Germany, 1845. Came to Ameries in 1850; a resident of Brooklyn, N. Y., since 1861. She was an associate and protégé of Mr. and Mrs. Bayard Taylor, and the devoted friend of the poet Dorgan for some years preceding his death. Author of "Poems," 1874; Giorgio, and Other Poems," 1881; "Beyond the Shadow," 1888; "Piero da Castiglione," 1890; ** The Story of Two Lives," novel, 1891.

"

BLOOD, Henry Ames, b. Temple, N. H 1838. Graduating at Dartmouth College, he afterwards taught for a number of years. At the beginning of President Lincoln's adminis tration he became connected with the State Department at Washington, where he has per manently remained. Mr. Blood's quaint and original lyrics have not been collected. He is the author of several unpublished dramas.

BLOUNT, Edward Augustus, Jr., Columbia University, Class of 1895.

BOGART, Elizabeth, b. New York, N. Y... 180. Daughter of the late Rev. D. S. Bogart. About 1825, Miss Bogart began to write, under the pseudonym "Estelle," for the Mirror.” Her prose and verse have never been collected. though there is material sufficient for several volumes. Her poem "He Came too Late," a favorite and typical example of old-time lyrical sentiment, was remembered "too late" for insertion with verse of its day.

BOKER, George Henry, dramatist and diplomat, b. Philadelphia, Penn., 6 Oct., 1823; d. there, 2 Jan., 1890. Graduated at Princeton, and, after a period of travel in Europe. made his permanent home in Philadelphia. His first volume of verse, "The Lesson of Life, and Other Poems," was issued in 1847. It was succeeded the following year by "Calaynos." a blank-verse tragedy, which was successfully produced in 1849 at a London theatre. "Fran cesca da Rimini is now the best known of the metrical dramas which, with his miscellaneous poems, were published in two volumes, "Plays and Poems," 1856. Mr. Boker was secretary of the Union League of Philadelphia from 1861 to 1871, and was actively patriotic during the Civil War. "Poems of the War," containing some lyrics widely familiar, appeared in 1864. Later volumes are "Königsmark, and Other Poems," 1869; "The Book of the Dead," 1882; and

Sonnets," 1886. He was U. S. minister to Turkey from 1871 to 1875, and to Russia from 1875 to 1879. Throughout his literary career he was closely associated with Bayard Taylor and R. H. Stoddard. To represent Boker with fairness, extracts should be given from the dramatic work to which he devoted his best powers, and for which the repeated success of "Calaynos and Francesca da Rimini" showed that he possessed both literary and practical equipments. The ballads, sonnets, etc., to which this Anthology is restricted, exhibit his lyrical strength and quality. Cp. "Poets of America," pp. 56, 404.

BONER, John Henry, b. Salem, N. C., 1845. Edited papers in Salem and Asheville, N. C. Chief clerk of the N. C. House of Representatives, 1869-70. Entered the civil service at Washington, 1871; removed to New York in 1887, and has been on the staffs of "The Century Dictionary," The New York World," Literary Digest," and "A Library of American Literature." Published Whispering Pines," poems, 1883. He has now returned to bureau work in Washington.

BOWDITCH, Nathaniel Ingersoll, lawyer, b. Salem, Mass., 1805; d. Boston, Mass., 1861. He entered Harvard at thirteen, graduated in 1822, and lived in Boston. His memoir of his father, the mathematician and astronomer, was published in 1839, in the same volume with a translation of Laplace's "Mécanique Céleste."

BOWKER, Richard Rogers, b. Salem, Mass., 1848. A graduate of the College of New York. He was literary editor of the N. Y. "Evening Mail," and became editor and owner of "The Publishers' Weekly," an editor of the 'Library Journal," and compiler of the "American Catalogue," 2 vols. 1885. He has published: "Of Work and Wealth," 1883; "Copyright: its Law and its Literature," 1886, and various economic and political treatises. Secretary of the American Publishers' Copyright League and active in the movement for International Copyright, 1884–91.

BOYESEN, Hjalmar Hjorth, b. Fredericksvaern, Norway, 1848; d. New York City, 1895. He was graduated at the University of Christiana, and removed to Chicago, Ill., where he was associate editor of the Scandinavian paper "Fremad." In 1872-74 he studied philology at Leipsic, Germany. In 1874 he became professor of German at Cornell, and in 1880 professor of Germanic languages at Columbia College. He published: "Gunnar, a Norse Romance," 1874; "Goethe and Schiller, Their

Lives and Works," 1878; "Ilka on the Hill-Top, and other Stories," 1881, of which the title-story, dramatized as "Alpine Roses," was produced in 1884; "Essays on Scandinavian Literature; "Essays on German Literature;" "Idyls of Norway, and Other Poems," 1883; “Vagabond Tales," 1889; the "Norseland" series of books for boys, etc.

BOYLE, Sarah (Roberts), b. Portsmouth, N. H., 1812; d. New York, N. Y., 1869. Daughter of E. Q. Roberts of the diplomatic service. After her marriage to Dr. James Boyle she lived in New York City. Author of several favorite poems.

BRACKETT, Anna Callender, distinguished instructor, b. Boston, Mass., 18-. Educated in the schools of that city, and graduated from the State Normal School, Framingham, Mass., 1856, to which she returned as a teacher, remaining three years. For two years Miss Brackett was vice-principal of the Normal School in Charleston, S. C., resigning that position in 1861. One year's teaching in the High School, Cambridge, Mass., preceded her appointment as principal of the Normal School, St. Louis, Mo. She was the first woman to hold such a position. After teaching there nine years, she founded her well-known school for girls in New York City, which she conducted for twenty years. Miss Brackett is the author of many educational essays, sketches, stories, and poems, and was a scholarly writer for Professor W. T. Harris's "Journal of Speculative Philosophy." Her books are: "Education of American Girls," 1874; " Poetry for Home and School," edited collection, 1876; "Philosophy of Education, Translation from Rosenkranz," 1886; "Technique of Rest,' 1892.

BRADLEY, Mrs. Mary Emily (Neeley), b. Easton, Md., 1835; d. Washington, D. C., 1898. She was married in New York City to George T. Bradley, and formed a friendship with R. H. Stoddard, who as editor of the "Aldine " encouraged her in verse-writing. "Hidden Sweetness,' "" She published poems, 1886, and more than twenty stories for girls. BRAINARD, John Gardiner Calkens, b. New London, Conn., 1796; d. 1828. Graduated at Yale; studied and practised law, but soon devoted himself to journalism. Wrote for the

Microscope," a New Haven paper; became editor of the "Connecticut Mirror," Hartford, Conn., 1822, which post he held until his health failed in 1827. Published his first volume of poems in 1825. A new edition called "Literary Remains," with a sketch of the author by Whittier, was issued in 1832.

BRAINARD, Mary Gardiner, b. 18-. Daughter of a prominent lawyer of New London, Conn., and niece of the poet J. G. C. Brainard. "Not Knowing" appeared first in the "Congregationalist" in 1869. The editor of this Anthology was unable for years to discover the authorship of this womanly and touching expression of a faith that is its own beatitude.

BRISTOL, Augusta (Cooper), b. Croydon, N. H., 1835. Has chiefly been occupied as an educator and lecturer. Was married in 1866 to Louis Bristol of New Haven, Conn., removing to Vineland, N. J., in 1872. She is the author of several books on social topics and of a volume of poems, The Web of Life," 1895.

BROOKS, Francis, lawyer and physician, b. Memphis, Tenn., 1867; drowned, Lake Geneva, Wis., 1898. Entered the class of 1889 at Harvard, but left before graduating; and subsequently obtained a degree from the Chicago College of Law; and later studied at the University of Virginia. For a few months a lawyer; then a doctor of no mean distinction; and always devoted to literature, Francis Brooks died at what seemed to be the beginning of his true career. His initial volume, "Margins," appeared in 1897, and a posthumous edition of his complete poems, edited, with a prefatory memoir, by Wallace Rice, was issued in 1898.

BROOKS, Maria (Gowen), "Maria del Occidente," b. Medford, Mass., about 1795; d. Matanzas, Cuba, 1845. Of Welsh descent. Her father, a man of refinement, died when she was young, and she was educated by Mr. Brooks, a merchant of Boston, to whom she became engaged at the age of fourteen. Her "Judith, Esther, and Other Poems," appeared in 1820. Became a widow in 1823; went to live with an uncle in Cuba; and at his death inherited his property. Returned to the United States and lived at Hanover, N. H. Visited Europe in 1830; met Southey; finished writing" Zophiël, or the Bride of Seven," while at his home in Keswick, the first part having been completed in Cuba, and published in 1825. Southey edited the complete poem published in London, 1833, where it excited much attention. In 1843 she issued for private circulation a semi-autobiographical prose romance, Idomen, or the Vale of Yamuri." The "Ode to the Departed " was written in Cuba, 1844.

BROOKS, Phillips, Protestant Episcopal bishop, b. Boston, Mass., 1835; d. there, 1893. A graduate of Harvard, he was ordained in the Episcopal ministry, 1859. He became rector of Trinity Church in Boston, 1869, and bishop of Massachusetts, 1891, and was honored for his

gifts and beloved for the beauty and sincerity of his nature. He published many volumes of sermons, and was the author of several favorite hymns.

BROTHERTON, Alice (Williams), b Cambridge, Ind., 18-. Since her marriage. 1876, to William E. Brotherton, she has lived in Covington, Ky., and near Cincinnati O. She has published: "Beyond the Veil poems, 1886; "The Sailing of King Olaf, and Other Poems," 1888; and has delivered lectures on literature.

BROWN, Alice, b. Hampton Falls, N. H 1857. Removed to Boston, where she expected to teach, but soon devoted her attention to literature. She is on the staff of the "Youth's Companion," and is the author of several volumes of prose, and of "The Road to Castaly," verse, 1896.

BROWN, Joseph Brownlee, b. Charleston, S. C., 1824; d. Brooklyn, Ñ. Y., 188, Graduated at Dartmouth. One of the younger transcendentalists who wrote for "The Atlan tic Monthly." He was prevented by ill-health from fulfilling the promise of his youth.

BROWN, Phoebe (Hinsdale), b. Canaan, N. Y., 1783; d. Henry, Ill., 1861. Daughter of George Hinsdale, the composer. She resided in Connecticut and Massachusetts until her removal in 1849 to Illinois. Her famous hymn, beginning "I love to steal awhile away," was written in 1818.

BROWN, Theron, clergyman and author. b. Willimantic, Conn., 1832. Graduated st Yale, 1856. Entered the Baptist ministry, 1859. Editorially connected with "Youth's Companion" since 1870. Besides much work in prose, Mr. Brown has published "Life Songs," a volume of poems, 1894.

BROWNE, Francis Fisher, b. South Halifax, Vt., 1843. Before enlisting as a volunteer in the U. S. army, he worked in his father's newspaper office at Chicopee, Mass. At the end of the war he went to Chicago, where, in 1880, he founded his critical semi-monthly.

The Dial," which he has invariably maintained at a high standard. Author of "The Every-Day Life of Abraham Lincoln," 1886; "Volunteer Grain," poems, 1895, and editor of several excellent collections of verse.

BROWNE, Irving, b. Marshall, N. Y 1835; d. Buffalo, N. Y., 1899. He practised law in Troy, N. Y., edited the Albany "* Law Journal," and finally made his home in Buffalo, Wrote and edited numerous legal treatises, and was a collector of rare books. Among his works are: "Law and Lawyers in Literature,” 1883; Iconoclasm and Whitewash," essays. 1885; Our Best Society," comedy; "The House of the Heart," poems, 1897; and "The Track of the Book-Worm," an essay, with bal lads on books.

BROWNELL, Henry Howard, b. Provi dence, R. I., 6 Feb., 1820; d. Hartford, Conn.

1872. Graduated at Trinity College. Was admitted to the bar in 1844, but practised only five years. Early in the civil war, a poem of his on Farragut attracted that commander's attention, and led to Brownell's appointment as acting ensign on board the Hartford. He witnessed the battle of Mobile Bay, and at the close of the war accompanied Farragut on his cruise to the European ports, resigning in 1868. His poetical works are "Poems," 1847;" Lyrics of a Day," 1864; "War Lyrics, and Other Poems," with an appreciative preface by T. B. Aldrich, 1866.

BRUCE, Wallace, lecturer, b. Hillsdale, N. Y., 1844. Graduated at Yale. After extensive travels in Europe, began work as a lecturer in 1870. Was U. S. consul at Edinburgh, 1889-93. Author of many poems on occasions, and of "The Land of Burns," 1879; "Old Homestead Poems," 1887; "Wayside Poems," 1895; etc.

BRYANT, William Cullen, journalist and poet, b. Cummington, Mass., 3 Nov., 1794; d. New York City, 12 June, 1878. His first published poem, on the Progress of Knowledge, appeared in the " Hampshire Gazette," 1807. In 1808 his philippic "The Embargo," a political satire, was published in Boston and attracted much attention. He seems, however, to have received little commendation from his father for his efforts in versification, and often oversevere criticism, but was apparently undiscouraged. In an autobiography of his early life, it appears that his education was rather elementary, until his fourteenth year, when he began his preparations for college. He entered Williams College, October, 1810, as a sophomore, and left, May, 1811, intending to go to Yale. In this he was disappointed, and forced to give up all hope of a thorough college education. From 1814-15 he studied law. During this period his work assumes a morbid tone, which, following considerable amatory verse, suggests an happy attachment. In 1815 he was admitted to the bar. It is interesting to observe that it was in this year, when he attained his majority, he struck the poetic note which became most characteristic with him, for he began here to interpret nature, and his verse shows a marked improvement in sincerity of tone. It was not until 1817 that " Thanatopsis was published in the North American Review," though written in his eighteenth year. Shorter poems followed, and in response to a request from the Phi Beta Kappa Society, he delivered a poem,

un

The Ages.' at Harvard, 1821, published in the same year with other poems. It was in this year that he married Miss Frances Fairchild, at Great Barrington. In 1825 he went to New York, and, abandoning the law, devoted himself to literature. After a rather depressing service on the staff of a literary review, he became assistant editor of the "Evening Post." Later, in 1828, he became editor in chief, a position he held for fifty years, until his death. During his connection with the "Post," he took

..

many trips abroad and into the East, described in letters to the paper, and afterward published in book-form: "Letters of a Traveller," 1852; "Letters from Spain and Other Countries,' 1859; "Letters from the East," 1869. "The Fountain and Other Poems" appeared in 1842; "The White-Footed Deer, and Other Poems," in 1844. Editions of his Poems were published in 1832, 1846, 1855, and 1876. "Orations and Addresses " appeared in 1873; Thirty Poems" in 1864; blank verse translations of the Iliad" and "Odyssey" in 1870-72. A comprehensive edition of "The Poetical Works and Prose Works of William Cullen Bryant," edited by Parke Godwin, was published in 1884. Mr. Bryant was often called the first citizen of the republic," and his death, from sunstroke and a fall, was regarded by all classes as a national calamity. Cp. "Poets of America," chap. iii., and "Nature and Elements of Poetry," p. 252. [B. D. L.] BUCK, Richard Henry, song-writer, b. Philadelphia, Penn., 1869. Educated in the public schools of that city. In 1896 he became associated with Professor Geibel, the composer, who wrote the music to "Kentucky Babe," a good example of the modern coon song. Mr. Buck's verse will soon be collected in bookform.

BUNNER, Henry Cuyler, journalist, b. Oswego, N. Y., 3 Aug., 1855; d. Nutley, N. J., 11 May, 1896. Entered a business firm in New York, and was afterwards a reporter. He became assistant-editor of "Puck" in 1887, and some years later its editorial chief. Well known as a writer of fiction and verse, whose early death was deplored. Author of "A Woman of Honor," 1883; Airs from Arcady and Elsewhere," poems, 1884; 'The Midge," 1886; "The Story of a New York House," 1887; "Zadoc Pine, and Other Stories," 1891; "Rowen," verse, 1892; Jersey Street and Jersey Lane," 1896. A collection of his poems was edited by Brander Matthews and published in 1896.

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BURROUGHS, ELLEN." See Sophie

Jewett,

BURROUGHS, John, essayist, b. Roxbury, N. Y., 3 April, 1837. A close student of nature, notably of bird-life in the northern seaboard States. He grew up on his father's farm, and received a common-school education. Was in the Treasury Department at Washington, 1863-72. In 1874 he removed to the fruit-farm, still his home, at West Park, N. Y. In some

respects a pupil of Emerson, and for years the most effective and high-minded eulogist of his friend Walt Whitman, his habit of thought is original, and he is recognized as a naturalistphilosopher, whose writings have wholesome sentiment and poetic charm. He has published "Notes on Walt Whitman as Poet and Person," 1867; Wake Robin," 1871;"Winter Sunshine," 1875; "Birds and Poets," 1877; "Locusts and Wild Honey," 1879; " Pepacton," 1881; "Fresh Fields," 1884; "Signs and Seasons, 1886;Indoor Studies," 1889; "Walt Whitman, a Study," 1897; The Light of Day," 1900; Squirrels and Other Fur-Bearers," 1900; Birds and Bees," 1886, with an Introduction by Mary E. Burt, who also edited, from essays previously published by Mr. Burroughs, "Little Nature Studies," 1895.

BUTLER, William Allen, son of Benjamin F. Butler, b. Albany, N. Y., 1825. Graduated at the University of New York, 1843. For many years a distinguished member of the New York bar. His society poem, "Nothing to Wear," published anonymously in" Harper's Weekly," 1857, and afterwards in book form, took the town, and gave him a wide reputation. He has written other successful satires; "Domesticus," a story; besides legal and biographical works. His poems were collected in 1871, and again in 1899.

BUTTERWORTH, Hezekiah, editor and balladist, b. Warren, R. I., 1839. Connected with the Youth's Companion," Boston, since 1871. Author of the series "Ziz-zag Journeys,' for children, 1876-90; "Poems for Christmas, Easter, and New Year's," 1883; "Poems and Ballads upon Important Episodes in American History," 1887; The Wampum Belt, or the Fairest Page of History," 1896.

BUTTS, Mary Frances (Barber), b. Hopkinton, R. I., 183-. Married in 1865. Has done much journalistic work, and has written many books for children.-"A Fence of Trust," verse, 1898.

CABLE, George Washington, novelist and humanitarian, b. New Orleans, La., 1844. This distinguished romancer, whose exquisite and most poetic stories of life in the French quarter of his native city, and of plantation life in Louisiana, gave him his first fame, has printed little, as yet, in verse-form.

CARLETON, Will, b. Hudson, Mich 1845. He was educated at Hillsdale College. Mich., and engaged in journalism in Chicago, but finally removed to Brooklyn, N. Y. A successful lecturer, and reader of his own bal lads. He has issued "Poems," 1871; Faru Ballads," 1873; "Farm Legends," 1875; "Farm Festivals," 1881; "City Ballads," 1885; “ City Legends," 1889; City Festivals,” 1892; 'Rhymes of our Planet;' "The Old Infant. and Similar Stories," 1896.

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CARPENTER, Amelia Walstien (Jolls), b. Stephentown, N. Y., 1840. She was married, when eighteen, to Mr. Cromwell Carpenter, with whom she removed to Kalamazoo and Louis, returning, after his death, to her native town. She has contributed her poems and stories to "The Springfield Republican," "The Christian Union," "Lippincott's Magazine," and other periodicals.

CARPENTER, Henry Bernard, b. Dublin, Ireland, 1840; d. Sorrento, Me., 180 Having graduated at Oxford, he took orders in the Church, and was chaplain to the Earl of Belmore. He came to America in 1874, and was pastor of the Hollis Street Unitarian Church, in Boston, Mass., from 1878 to 1887. Author of "Liber Amoris," 1886; and of s posthumous collection, "A Poet's Last Songs." with a memoir by J. J. Roche.

CARRYL, Charles Edward, b. New York, N. Y., 1841. Mr. Carryl has long been a sue cessful member of the N. Y. Stock Exchange. while closely associated with the literary and artistic life of the metropolis, and devoting much time to bookish pursuits. Author of the delicately fanciful dream-stories " Davy and the Goblin," 1885, and "The Admiral's Cars van," 1892; and of "The River Syndicate, sod Other Stories," 1899.

CARRYL, Guy Wetmore, b. New Yek N. Y., 1873. Son of Charles E. Carryl. He was educated at Columbia, and has taken liter ature as a profession. Engaged in various editorial duties until he became the Paris re presentative of Harper and Brothers. Author of many poems and other contributions to the periodicals, and of the unique "Fables for the Frivolous," 1898.

CARY, Alice, b. Miami Valley, near Cincinnati, O., 1820; d. New York, N. Y., 1871. She came to New York with her sister in 188 where their weekly receptions were soon a fer ture of artistic and literary life. "Poems by Alice and Phoebe Cary" appeared in 1850, and was followed by Alice's Clovernook," twe series of prose sketches-1851-53; "Lyra, and Other Poems," 1853; "Pictures of Country Life," 1859; 46 Ballads, Lyrics, and Hymns" 1866, and "The Lover's Diary," 1867.

CARY, Phoebe, sister of Alice, b. 1824; d. 1871. Author of "Poems and Parodies;" "Poems of Faith, Hope, and Love."

CAVAZZA, Elisabeth.

See E. J. Pulles