ABBEY, Henry, b. Rondout, N. Y., 1842. For some years a journalist in New York City, but after 1864 a merchant in his native town, and now residing at Kingston, N. Y. He has issued "May Dreams," 1862; "Ballads of Good Deeds," 1872; The City of Success," 1883; complete "Poems," 1886, 2d edition, 1895.

ADAMS, John Quincy, b. Braintree, Mass., 1767; d. Washington, D. C., 1848. Sixth President of the United States. A volume of his quaint, old-fashioned verse, "Poems," appeared

in 1848.

ADAMS, Mary (Mathews) (Barnes), b. Brooklyn, N. Y., 18-. She was educated at Packer Institute, and became the wife of Alfred S. Barnes, the publisher. Some years after his death she was married to Charles Kendall Adams, president of the University of Wisconsin. Her volume of poems, "The Choir Visible," was published in 1897.

ADAMS, Oscar Fay, b. Worcester, Mass., 18-. A lecturer to classes upon English literature and history and Gothic architecture. His standard " Dictionary of American Authors" was first published in 1884. It has been revised and much enlarged in recent editions. Among his other works are "Post-Laureate Idyls," 1886, and "The Archbishop's Unguarded Moment, and Other Stories," 1899.

ALBEE, John, b. Bellingham, Mass., 1833. Studied divinity at Harvard, but has been devoted to philosophy, nature study, literary and linguistic research. While pursuing these, he has otherwise divided his life between foreign travel and tillage of his ocean farm at New Castle, N. H., and his mountain farm near Chocorua in the same state. A lecturer before the Concord School of Philosophy and elsewhere, Author of " Literary Art," 1881; "Poems,"

1883;

"New Castle, Historic and Picturesque,' 1884; "Prose Idyls," 1892.

ALCOTT, Amos Bronson, philosopher, b. Wolcott, Conn., 1799; d. Boston, Mass., 1888. His early life was spent in teaching young children in his native State, and afterwards in

Boston, where he went to reside in 1828. His ideas being denounced as too advanced, he gave up his school and interested himself in the study of philosophy, at Concord, Mass., and in the upbuilding of various reforms. In 1848, after visiting England, he, with some English friends, made an unsuccessful attempt to establish a new community on a farm called " Fruitlands," near Harvard. He then began to instruct by means of more or less formal " conversations," held wherever there might be a demand for them. The friend and colleague of Emerson, and dean of the Concord School of Philosophy, and for many years the hierarch of our transcendental group of poets and illuminati. Contributed to

The Dial," 1839-42, and other periodicals. Published "Conversations with Children on the Gospels," 1836; "Tablets," 1868; "Concord Days," 1872; "Table Talk," 1877,"New Connecticut," 1881; "Sonnets and Canzonets," 1882. The last two volumes were edited by F. B. Sanborn.

ALCOTT, Louisa May, daughter of A. B. Alcott, b. Germantown, Penn., 1832; d. Boston, Mass., 1888. In 1840 her family removed to Concord, Mass., where she grew up under the influence of such men as Thoreau and her father. To assist her kindred, she tried one occupation after another, as her story "Work" and her "Life, Letters, and Journals," edited by Ednah D. Cheney, show, but finally came into wide favor as a writer for the young. Her famous "Little Women," 1867-68, was followed by numerous stories of its class. The poem given in this volume appeared in "The Atlantic Monthly," 1863.

ALDRICH, Anne Reeve, b. New York, N. Y., 1866; d. there, 1892. Grand-niece of the poet James Aldrich. Her first book, "The Rose of Flame," 1889, was adversely criticized for its naïve and unrestrained expression, but its verse showed that she possessed the gifts of a poet. It was followed in 1890 by a novel, "The Feet of Love." She died before her last volume, "Songs about Love, Life, and Death," was published, and many of its short lyrics, in

the revelation of a suffering but maturer and truer womanhood, are very touching.

ALDRICH, James, editor and writer, b. Mattituck, L. I., 1810; d. New York, N. Y., 1856. Founder of the " Literary Gazette," N. Y., 1840, in which paper many of his poems appeared. His daughter, Mrs. Ely, issued a collection of his poems for private circulation, 1884.

ALDRICH, Thomas Bailey, b. Portsmouth, N. H., 11 Nov., 1836. Part of his childhood was spent in Louisiana. At the age of seventeen he went to New York, gained the friendship of N. P. Willis, and soon became a regular contributor to the " Mirror" and " Home Journal." His "Ballad of Babie Bell," printed in the N. Y. "Journal of Commerce," 1855, touched the popular heart. After some years of literary journalism in New York, where he was intimately associated with Bayard Taylor and the Stoddards, O'Brien, Winter, and the present annalist, and added the zest and wit of his brilliant companionship to the gatherings of the bright young writers cheerily struggling for subsistence and reputation in that unfriendly time, he removed to Boston, where he edited Every Saturday," 1865-74, and "The Atlantic Monthly," 1881-90. His first volume of verse

was

The Bells," 1854. It was followed by "The Ballad of Babie Bell, and Other Poems," 1858; "Pampinea, and Other Poems," 1861; "Cloth of Gold, and Other Poems," 1874; 'Flower and Thorn," 1876; "Friar Jerome's Beautiful Book," 1881; Mercedes, and Later Lyrics," 1884; Wyndham Towers, 1889; "The Sisters' Tragedy, and other Poems," 1891. In Complete Poems," 1882, and his "Household Edition," 1895, he brought together his metrical writings, but in 1898 gave a final revision to all of his poems which he wished to preserve, re-arranging them with great care and taste for publication in two volumes. In prose he has written: "Out of His Head, A Romance," 1862; "The Story of a Bad Boy," 1870; "Marjorie Daw, and Other People, 1873; "Prudence Palfrey," 1874; "The Queen of Sheba," 1877; "The Stillwater Tragedy," 1880; etc. The play of Mercedes was staged

with much effect, and its union of dramatic and poetic qualities excited regret that American conditions had not favored from the first a natural bent of the author for work in this form. Cp. "Poets of America," pp. 440, 462.

ALLEN, Elizabeth Ann (Chase) (Akers), "Florence Percy," b. Strong, Me., 1832. Her first husband was the sculptor, Paul Akers, who died in 1861. In 1865 she was married to E. M. Allen of New York, and lives near that city. Among her writings are "Forest Buds," 1855; The Silver Bridge, and Other Poems," 1866 "Poems," 1866; "The High-Top Sweeting, and Other Poems," 1891; "The Proud Lady of Stavoren," 1898. Her authorship of the ballad "Rock me to Sleep, Mother is no longer questioned.

ALLSTON, Washington, artist, b. Wacamaw, near Georgetown, S. C., 1779; d. Catr bridge, Mass., 1843. Scion of a distinguished South Carolina family, and closely associated with the beginnings of literature and art in America. Graduated at Harvard, 1800. Spent three years in London, a student at the Royal Academy, and studied afterward in Paris and Rome. Returned to America in 1809, and mar ried a sister of the Rev. Dr. Channing. Went again, in 1811, to London, where his wife died; afterward, in 1830, married a sister of Richard H. Dana. From 1818 until his death was a res ident of Boston and of Cambridge, Mass. Is best known as a painter, but made also impor tant contributions to the literature of his period. His writings are "The Sylphs of the Ser sons, and Other Poems," 1813; Monaldi, a Tale," 1841; "Lectures on Art, and Poems,” published after his death, in 1850.

ANTROBUS, John, artist, b. Walsal Staffordshire, England, 1831. Since 1849 he has lived in America; and, though for some time an art student in London and Paris, has usually made his home in Detroit, Mich. His own painting, "The Cowboy," suggested his poem of the same name.

com

ARNOLD, George, journalist, b. New York City, 1834; d. Strawberry Farms, X. J. 1865. Studied painting, but adopted literature as his profession. Was a versatile writer for the magazines. His "McArone Papers menced in " "Vanity Fair" in 1860 and con tinued in that and other journals until his death. Two volumes of poems entitled “* Drift: a Sea-Shore Idyl, and Other Poems," and "Poems Grave and Gay," were edited by William Winter and first published in 1866.

AURINGER, Obadiah Cyrus, clergyman. b. Glens Falls, N. Y., 1849. Studied under private tuition. Joined the U. S. Marios Corps, 1871, serving until 1875. He was occupied with agricultural pursuits, 1875-89. In 1890 he was ordained a Presbyterian minister, and became pastor of the Third Presbyterian Church of Troy, N. Y., at which town he still resides. His volumes of poems are Scythe and Sword," 1887; "The Heart of the Golden Roan," 1891; Episode of Jane McCrae." 1893; and, with J. Oliver Smith, The Christ," 1899.

66

AUTHOR UNFOUND. What is usually the fifth stanza of the old-time ballad "The Yankee Man-of-War" (still familiar to the offcers and tars of the U. S. Navy) was omitted from the text on pp. 8, 9, because it was manifestly faulty and inaccurate in the only nautical ballad-book, at the present editor's com mand, which then contained it. A probably correct version has been found in Walsh's "Patriotic and Naval Songster," 1898, as follows:

The nightly robes our good ship wore were her whole topsails three,

Her spanker and her standing jib free,

the courses being

"Now, lay aloft! my heroes bold, not a moment must be passed!"

And royals and top-gallant sails were quickly on each mast.

The editor inserts the stanza here, regretting that it was not earlier available, but thinks that the ballad, as given in this Anthology, goes along quite as well without it.

BAKER, George Augustus, lawyer, b. New York, N. Y., 1849. Graduated at the City College of New York and from the Columbia University Law School. Author of several prose works, and of "Point-Lace and Diamonds," verse, 1875.

BANGS, John Kendrick, b. Yonkers, N.Y., 1862. Graduated at Columbia. He was associate editor of "Life," 1884-88. He edited Harper's "Drawer," 1888-98, and 'Literature,' 1899; at the close of which year he became editor of "Harper's Weekly." Some of his many books are Coffee and Repartee," 1886; "A House Boat on the Styx," 1896; from a Library Corner," verse, 1899. BARKER, Edward D. His song, "Go Sleep, Ma Honey," first appeared in the Chicago "Record," and was afterwards successfully set to music by Eugene Cowles.

66

Cobwebs

BASHFORD, Herbert, librarian, b. Sioux City, Iowa, 1871. In 189- he became state librarian of Washington. Author of "Nature Stories of the Northwest," 189-, and "Songs from Puget Sea," 1898.

On

are "Blind Jakey," 1868; "Child Lore: its Classics, Traditions, and Jingles," 1880; the Way to Wonderland, 1884; From Heart's Content," verse, 1892.

BATES, Herbert, educator, b. Hyde Park, Mass., 1868. Graduated from Harvard University, class of 1890. Since 1897 Mr. Bates has held the position of head teacher of English in the Manual Training High School of Brooklyn, N. Y. Author of "Songs of Exile," 1896, and the editor of several classics for school use.

BATES, Katharine Lee, educator, b. Falmouth, Mass., 1859. Graduated at Wellesley College, where she became associate professor, and is now professor of English literature. Besides editing editions of various English classics, she has published, "The College Beautiful, and Other Poems," 1887; "Sunshine, and Other Verses for Children," 1890.

BEERS, Ethelinda (Eliot), "Ethel Lynn Beers," b. Goshen, N. Y., 1827; d. Orange, N. J., 1879. A descendant of John Eliot, the Indian missionary, to the spelling of whose surname Eliot" she and her family reverted, the spelling "Elliott" having been adopted by her immediate ancestors. The title-poem of her volume All Quiet Along the Potomac, and Other Poems," 1879, first appeared in "Harper's Weekly," Sept. 30, 1861, under the title "The Picket Guard."

"BEERS, Ethel Lynn." See Ethelinda Eliot Beers.

The Philis

tines," 1888; "The Puritans," 1898. His Lowell Institute lectures have been published as "Talks on Writing English," 1896, and "Talks on the Study of Literature," 1897.

BATES, Charlotte Fiske (Madame Rogé), b. New York, N. Y., 1838. Her life has been passed mostly in New York and in Cambridge, Mass. In 1891 she was married to M. Adolphe Rogé, who died in 1896. She was Longfellow's assistant in the compilation of "Poems of Places," and editor of "The Cambridge Book of Poetry," 1882. Invented the Longfellow Birthday Book," the pioneer of others of the kind. Author of Risk, and Other Poems," 1879. (Her decease has been falsely reported in a biographical encyclopædia.)

BATES, Clara (Doty), b. Ann Arbor, Mich., 1838; d. Chicago, Ill., 1895. Was married, in 1869, to Morgan Bates, a publisher. Mrs. Bates has been chiefly known as a writer of juvenile verse and stories. Some of her publications

BEERS, Henry Augustin, b. Buffalo, N. Y., 1847. Graduated at Yale, 1869, where he has been tutor, assistant professor, and, since 1880, professor of English literature. Author of แ Odds and Ends," 1878; " Life of N. P. Willis," 1885; The Thankless Muse," verse, 1885; "Outline Sketches of English and American Literature," 1886-87; " From Chaucer to Tennyson, 1890; "A Suburban Pastoral, and Other Tales," 1894; "The Ways of Yale,' 1895 "A History of English Romanticism in the Eighteenth Century," 1899; and editor of "A Century of American Literature," 1878 "Selections from Willis's Prose Writings," 1885.

BELL, Robert Mowry, physician, b. Chicago, Ill., 1860. Graduated at the University of Minnesota and the Harvard Medical School, and spent several years of study in Europe. Resided chiefly in Minneapolis, until in 1893 illhealth obliged him to give up practising and to remove to California. Is now studying in Germany with a view to work as an instructor. His verse, contributed to periodicals, is of an elevated order. "The Tutelage," it may be noted, is a fresh variant upon the shell-theme of Landor and Wordsworth, and an optimistic summing up of the questions involved. Cp. "The Nature and Elements of Poetry," pp. 205-208.

BENJAMIN, Park, journalist and lecturer, b. Demerara, British Guiana, 1809; d. New