garians, Slavs, Greeks and Italians, we find what is commonly known as the "lodger" evil, where the boarder rents, not a room, but a bed, each room containing as many of these beds as it is possible to find space for. In some instances these beds are never aired, being occupied night and day. This manner

of living is not, however, due to necessity, but rather to indifference, greed, or the continuance of their mode of living in their native country. As a matter of fact, the rental of separate cottages, offering what might well be said to be "unheard of luxuries" to these people in their own land, is within the means of any workingman who wishes to avail himself of the opportunity, and the vegetable gardens in the rear of many of the German and Polish houses would compare favorably with some of the "farms" in the country from which certain of these peoples come.

Typical cottages of German laboring men in Milwaukee. Each house has a small yard in front and a garden in the rear

What is true of Milwaukee with respect to the condition of its workingmen is true in greater or less degree of the other eleven cities mentioned in this series of articles. In Minneapolis we find the apartment houses being deserted by the workingmen for substantial little homes with yards "for the children." This condition prevails also in St. Paul. While in the latter are the "Ghetto" and the "River Flats" to which so-called "reformers" never fail to call attention, yet when one considers that these two entire districts occupy a territory no larger than twelve blocks in area, it will be seen that no problem difficult of solution is presented. St. Paul stands in the front rank of cities which have inaugurated the playground idea for children. These centers of amusement are spread throughout the city in such a manner as to make it possible for the children of every neighborhood to take advantage of the opportunities for recreation which they afford.

Philadelphia, we find, is possessed of more individual homes, occupied by owners, than any other city in the world. The majority of these are substantial two or three story dwellings. To those workingmen who by necessity or choice are renters, the house at $10.00 a month offers today accommodations and conveniences for comfortable living which twenty years ago the average citizen with an income of $5,000 a year could not hope to possess. Even in the low rental homes the workingman secures six rooms and a bath, a parlor, dining room and kitchen on the ground floor; three bed rooms and a bath on the second floor and a good sized cellar with heating apparatus, making the whole house comfortable even in the most severe weather. The kitchen has its permanent laundry, basin, range and boiler, with direct attachment to the city water supply. These homes are so constructed that an ample amount of window area is provided for each room. The rental ranges from $13 to $18 per month and the purchase price varies from $2,000 to $3,000, the location being largely the determining factor as to cost.

In Philadelphia there have been dedicated to the public for park purposes 5,065 acres of land, or 6 1/10% of the present area of the whole city. Fairmount Park, the largest, contains over 3,000 acres, more than 42 miles of drives and 44 miles of foot paths, and is today the greatest pleasure ground for the people to be found in any part of the civilized world. This park is but one of the eighty Municipal pleasure grounds, the attendance of which each year totals over 30,000,000 people on

Typical two story workingmen's homes in Philadelphia

recreation bent. In addition to the city parks and squares, the Board of Education opens during the summer season ninety play grounds attached to public school houses equipped with every variety of apparatus suitable for the amusement and exercise of the children.

The public park system was a feature particularly dealt with in the article concerning Chicago, for the reason that it far surpasses that of any other city of the country, and for all

around usefulness beyond comparison with any foreign park. The fundamental policy of the park divisions of the city is summed up by Mr. Henry G. Foreman, President of the South Park Division, when he said: "The dominant idea of the service in all new parks is to place recreation facilities and educational and moral influences at the very door of the people.

Amusements provided for Philadelphia children

While all the old park idea of trees and flowers and water and verdant stretches are retained in the new park idea, and to that extent we believe our new parks compare favorably with others anywhere, the novel year-round service which has drawn special attention to our new parks is provided by the neighborhood center facilities."

Go to Davis Square, in the "stockyards district," the neighborhood center, situated right near the doors of the huge packing plants, fairly black with a laughing, joking, merry crowd of people. Here is where you will see whole families,