the bourgeois government, we Communists, know towards it to blow it up, shattering at one blow plunderers. The social democrats propagate the union of business men, screening themselves by a Tending their fatherland.

e victory of the working class, we stand for the otection of the workers Soviet government against nies, the imperialists of the whole world.

But

traitors to the workers' interests, make it their up the Workers' Government and demolish the in their struggle in this direction they go hand he united bourgeoisie.

ists, are eagerly striving onward, in spite of all are going towards Communism, through the he proletariat. But they, like the evil bourgeoisie, orship with all their hearts, libelling and lowerthey can, proclaiming as their watch-word: "back

ists, say to the working class; "There are many path, but we must go onward, undaunted. The which is turning the old world upside down, hly; the great revolution cannot be carried out in is born in pain. These birth pangs must be ith infinite patience; when duly born they will from the iron grip of capitalist slavery." heviks, socialist revolutionaries and social demoe, looking on at our mistakes and failings and ion of going back; "let us return," they say,ng to the bourgeoisie and content ourselves with gat capitalist tables!

is not the same. These wretches try to scare of civil war. But there can be no revolution

Or do they perhaps imagine that in other, countries, socialist revolutions will take place r? The example of Finland has proved the ands of murdered Finnish comrades-afford of civil war in advanced capitalist countries fierce, more bloodier, more cruel and frenzied to be. Now we can foresee that in Germany, var between the classes will be extremely acute. rs are already shooting their soldiers and sailors for the slightest attempt at rebellion. It is

only through civil war and the iron dictatorship of the workers that Socialism can be attained and with it, Communism and fraternal production.

The protection of the bourgeois government and no approach towards Communism!- such is the programme of the social democrats.

The demolition of the bourgeois government, organisation or production by the working class, a wide road to Communismsuch is the programme of the Communist Party.

When we call ourselves Communists we not only draw a line to distinguish ourselves from the social traitors, such as I3nsheviks, socialist revolutionaries and followers of Scheidemann and other bourgeois agents. We revert to the old name of the revolutionary party, at the head of which stood Karl Marx His was the Communist Party. The Testament of modera revolution up to the present moment is still the "Manifesto of the Commuuists" written by Marx and Engels. Some eightmonths before his death, old Engels protested against the name of "social-democrats." He said, "This name is not a suitab one for a party which is striving towards communism and L. i finally aims at destroying every form of government including democratic one." What would these great old men, glowing w: hatred towards the bourgeois state apparatus, say, if they ** shown such social democrats as Dan, Tzeretelli, Scheiden they would have branded them with contempt, as they did the democrats who, in tragic and difficult moments of the revolut a directed the muzzles of their revolvers against the working clas

There are many obstacles on our way; and there is at pr much that is evil within our midst. For many outsiders are joined us who are selling themselves for money to the hit bidder, intending to fish in troubled waters. And the wors class is young and inexperienced. And the fiercest enem surrounding the young Soviet Republic on all sides. Bar Communists, know that the working class is learning wisd.ne its own mistakes. We know that it will clear its ranks of the impurity that has crept in; we know that it will be j 'mi by its loyal and desired ally the world proletariat. No is womanish wails, no hysterical shrieks will confuse our party, fa it has put upon its banner the golden words written by Ma in the "Communist Manifesto:"

"Let the governing classes tremble before the Comm Revolution. The proletariat has nothing to lose but its chasi it has a world to win. Proletarians of all countries, unite' May, 1918.

Document XVIII

ZIMMERWALD PROGRAM

O THE PROLETARIAT OF EUROPE as now continued for more than a year. Millions er the battlefields, millions of men have been turned cripples. Europe has become a gigantic human se. The whole civilization created by generations been devastated. The wildest barbarism celebrates er all that has hitherto been the pride of mankind. ay be the truth as to the responsibility for the outwar one thing is sure: The war that has brought os is the result of imperialism, of the ambitions of classes of each nation to nourish their profit lust bitation of human labor and the natural resources

y backward or politically weak nations have acen under the yoke of the great powers, who seek transform the map of the world with blood and it correspond with their exploiting interests. So fate of whole peoples and nations, like Belgium, alkan States and the Armenians, is to be divided game of compensations, and to be torn entirely or Fragments, and then annexed.

forces of the war in all their baseness come into uggle goes on. Shred by shred every veil is torn à it has been sought to hide the truth about the -he from the knowledge of the peoples.

sts of all countries that would coin the blood of to the red gold of war profits assert that the war se of fatherlands, of democracy, or the liberation oples. They lie. In fact and in truth they would ch nation the devastated liberties of their own. with the independence of other nations. new chains, new burdens are arising and the procountry, conquerors as well as conquered, must

f conditions was proclaimed at the outbreak of ry and deprivation, unemployment and high urishment and pestilence were the actual results.

For decades to come the costs of war will devour the best energies of the peoples, endanger achievements of social reform and prevent every progressive step.

Cultural desolation, economic destruction, political reactionthese are the blessings of this monstrous contest of nations.

So it is that war reveals the naked form of modern capitalism as irreconcilable, not alone with the interests of the working class, nor with the interests of historical evolution, but with the very elementary conditions of human association.

The ruling powers of capitalist society, in whose hands the history of the peoples rests, monarchial as well as repuli az governments, the secret diplomacy, the powerful associated monopolies, the bourgeoisie parliaments, the capitalist press and the church—all these share the responsibility for this war th has arisen out of the society they have nourished and protected and for whose interests it is conducted.

Workers! Exploited, outlawed, despised when war brout and you were wanted on the field of slaughter, you wr addressed as brothers and comrades. Now, when militarism he crippled, mangled, crushed and destroyed you, the rulers dem.. that your goal, your ideal and, in a word, submit to a sans subjection in the name of civic harmony. They would rubys of the possibility of expressing your ideas, your feelings, evt your sufferings, and would deprive you of the power of pris your demands or even of defending them. The press is muzzle political rights and liberties are trodden under foot-mil dictation rules today with an iron fist.

This condition, which threatens the entire future of Eurpe and of humanity, we can not and dare not longer face with action.

For decades the Socialist proletariat has led the fight s militarism. With increasing apprehension its represente occupied themselves at their national and international gather with the ever more threatening danger of war arising etd imperialism. At Stuttgart, Copenhagen and Basle internati Socialist congresses have pointed the way that the prot must go.

Socialist parties and labor organizations of various couzs that had agreed on this way have since the beginning of the ur disregarded the duties that followed from this agreement. T= representatives have called on labor to cease the class strate the only possible and effective means of proletarian emancip