Unionism among Negroes, with offices at 2305 Seventh avenue, New York City.

An organization which has done considerable good to the negro race and which at the same time has been led to take a decidedly radical stand through the influence of certain members of its board is the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. This association publishes an organ called the "Crisis," a monthly magazine gotten out at 70 Fifth avenue, New York City, of which W. E. Burkhardt Debois is editor. Certain of the board of directors of this organization have extended thir sympathy and support to the Socialistic group headed by Randolph and Owen.

Typical of the extravagant propaganda carried on among the negroes by an association known as the International Negro Civil Association is the leaflet freely distributed at a negro mei ing in New York City, headed, "A Negro City. Two Nights in New York History Never to Be Forgotten."

"HARLEM IS A CITY. WHITE MILLIONAIRES ARE MADE HERE EVERY FIVE YEARS. We should own it or leave it; boss it or refused to be bossed by it. It should be HARLEM FOR NEGROES, NOT NEGROES FOR HARLEM.

"A NEGRO BOY HAS AS MUCH RIGHT BEHIND A BANK'S WINDOW AS A WHITE, but we must build the bank.

"A NEGRO GIRL HAS THE SAME RIGHT TO POSITIONS OF REFINEMENT AS THE WHITE. but where are the positions?

"NEGRO STORES SHOULD BE ON ALL AVENUES, not in side streets, but we don't own the buildings.

"There should be a NEGRO POLICE SERGEANT, and more negro policemen, but our complacency in politic as in industry makes everybody believe that we haven't one bit of discontent in the world.

"RENTS ARE MURDEROUS, but owning no houses. YOU MUST PAY WHAT'S ASKED or be scrapped. "WHAT MUST IT BE, FRIENDS, A NEGRO CITY OR JUST A CITY OF NEGROES?

"SHALL NEGRO MERCHANTS GET BETTER STORES ON LENOX AVENUE?

"SHALL THAT NEGRO BOY AND GIRL IN SCHOOL HAVE SOMETHING TO ASPIRE TO?

"SHALL WE HAVE A NEGRO POLICE SERGEANT AND MORE NEGRO POLICEMEN?

"SHALL WE BE STARVED TO DEATH AND LYNCHED BY HIGH RENTS?

"Common sense asks these questions.

"AND ON THE NIGHT OF FEBRUARY 19-20TH, at Palace Casino, West 135th St., at Madison Ave., in the most colossal demonstration ever staged in America's most colossal city, 15,000 negro men, women and children will answer impressively. They're coming from Washington, Baltimore, New Jersey, New Haven, Stamford, Boston, Long Island-from every nearby town and city to participate wholeheartedly in this gigantic thing under the direction of THE NATIONAL NEGRO CIVIC ASSOCIATION.

"Make reservations now. General admission 35 cents. Boxes $3. On sale at headquarters of N. N. C. A., 2305 Seventh Ave."

The close relations between the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and the Socialist element among e negroes is illustrated by an article in the "Negro World" r April 3, 1920, which says:

"A call for a convention of colored radicals to meet in Washington, D. C., on May 24th has been issued through the colored section of the Socialist Party press by A. Philip Randolph, Chandler Owen, Rev. George Frazier Miller, Victor R. Daly, W. A. Domingo and William N. Colson, all of New York City and all editors of Socialist propaganda publications. In the call for the convention inserted in the Emancipator,' the Socialist weekly edited by Randolph, Owen and Domingo, it is asserted that many N. A. A. C. P. responded favorably.""

We have quoted at considerable length from the various radical volutionary negro publications above referred to, in order to early bring out the type of propaganda that is being dissemitated among the people of this race as well as to show the mental

bre of the leaders of the radical movement among negroes.

This movement is being cleverly fostered by the Socialist Party and by the Rand School of Social Science.

We believe that much of this propaganda falls on fertile soil, by reason of lynchings, Jim Crow legislation and the abridgment of the right of franchise to negroes in many states. Instead of seeking to remedy these conditions in lawful manner, as we firmly believe they should be remedied, they are made the basis for an appeal to class consciousness. This propaganda seeks to make the negro believe that the only way in which his lot can be bettered is by the abolition of our form of government and the substitution therefor of a system of government similar to that of Soviet Russia and by the institution of the co-operative Socialist Commonwealth.

CHAPTER VI

Propaganda by Deed

In addition to the extensive propaganda by speech and writings in periodicals, newspapers and other printed forms, there is a widespread propaganda by what may be termed deed, embracing within it, (a) bomb outrages; (b) direct action, including the general strike; (c) sabotage, and (d) mass demonstrations. From time to time there have been various bomb outrages perpetrated in this country, directed usually against public oficials, prosecuting officers of the Federal and State governments, and the officials of large organizations employing labor. These have been more or less sporadic, and, of course, have invariably brought the severest condemnation from organized labor.

Examples of this kind were the bomb plots of May 1 and of Jane, 1919, with which the general public is quite familiar through the public prints. These plots are generally the work of anarchists who labor under the deluded impression that their ds may possibly be furthered by a killing or intimidation of blic officials charged with the duty of suppressing crime and d-orders.

The general strike was sought to be put into effect about a year 20 in Seattle and Winnipeg. By the simultaneous cessation of work on the part of men and women employed in public transrtation, telephone and telegraph service, in the movement of dstuffs and freight, as well as the cessation of work on the ¡art of men and women employed in industry in general, it was ught to paralyze the community that the general political gertive of the reins of government being turned over to the kers would be attained. The general strike in both Winnipeg i Seattle was part of the propaganda of the subversive elements engaged therein. The object in each case was not to bring ut a betterment in working conditions so much as to effect the ical objectives sought by the leaders. The general strike ben more fully treated in another part of this report. Sabotage is frequently employed as a means of propaganda. A pointed in another section of this report this may consist er in damaging the tools of production, in deliberately turnEt an inferior product, or in so slowing up production as to Lordinately increase the cost of the product. This is one of

the means of propaganda employed by the I. W. W., who, as elsewhere in this report pointed out, repudiate the idea of "a fair day's pay for a fair day's work," but who hope by the use of sabotage among other propaganda to carry into effect their syndicalist ideas.

Mass demonstrations, while not unlawful, are frequently used as a means of propaganda. The Socialist May Day parades, parades arranged to impress the desirability of freeing so-called class-war prisoners, parades that have been arranged for enlist ing support in behalf of the movement to recognize Soviet Russia, may be instanced as examples of mass demonstrations. When conducted in an orderly way, of course, such demonstrations are not unlawful. The organizers of these demonstrations, however, play upon mass psychology, and by the gathering of a large number of persons apparently pledged to the support of an idea hope thereby to influence the onlooker to the same idea.

Other examples of mass demonstration that recently occurred in New York City were the October 8, 1919, parade of Union of Russian Workers, in Washington Square, and the demonstration of November 7, 1919, which was scheduled to take place in Rutgers Square, New York City, by the Communist Party of America. Lurid posters advertising the last-mentioned demonstration had been widely distributed by the Communist Party, and it was feared for a time that there would be rioting and dis order. The efficient policing of the square and the precautions taken by the City and State authorities at that time prevented the demonstration that had been arranged for.