were doing their worst. She declared that the German-Americans should have been consulted before we entered the war. Instead of being silenced by force her books were placed on the index expurgatorius of the Department of Justice, and her quiet works of benevolence were hampered in every way possible. But her name on the list of the proscribed did more to cast shame oz the authors of that list than anything else. Every American was bound to feel it an honor to be classed with this great American woman, who as the head of Hull House, Chicago, has done so much in the cause of practical humanity and uplifting benevolence. When the passions have been laid and the history records the names of the few outstanding independent spirits wh stood for justice, fair play and the Americanism, Jane Addams' name will be the first.

(Issue of October, 1919, page 46.)

CHAPTER II

Agitation and Speeches

The radical and revolutionary organizations which have been described in the previous sections of this report gain new converts and recruit their membership by several methods. The individual activity of members arguing with their fellow-workmen in their own shop, and the distribution of literature of all kinds, may be counted among the successful methods. However, the most effective means employed is the mass meeting. This is true for two reasons: First, it gives the agitator opportunity to impart his idea to a substantial audience and if an eloquent speaker he may succeed in firing them with revolutionary enthusiasm; and, second, such meetings afford the opportunity to increase the party funds and provide an opportunity for the distribution and sale of party literature.

It is the purpose of this chapter to give a number of excerpts from speeches made by several agitators on various subjects which have been taken verbatim by agents of this committee, in order that the general character of the agitation may be brought Bome to those who read this report. The frankest statements of the principles and objects of the speakers, and the parties which they represent have been made, in recent months, by embers of the Communist Party of America and the Comanist Labor Party. For the most part, speakers of the Socialist Party have been more discreet while the agitation carried on by such organizations as the I. W. W. is of a clandestine nature. This is in all probability due to the fact that the character of the I. W. W. has been familiar to public authorities for several years and the agitators of that group have learned that they canDot as a rule carry on their agitation through public meetings or mass demonstrations.

A typical speech at a Communist Party meeting was made Harry M. Winitsky, executive secretary of the Communist Party, Local Greater New York, at Forward Hall, 175 Eat Broadway, New York City, on Monday evening. December 22, 1919. His closing remarks constitute a clear statement of the purpose and objects of the party. They are as follows:

"If you are in accord with the Communist Party, if you believe in the Cummunist program, if you believe that the

Communist Party is the only revolutionary movement in this country, if you believe that the workers must organize to achieve their freedom, if you believe that the workers cannot achieve this freedom by waiting until God wishes freedom on to them or until your bosses desire to give it to you, it is your duty to line up with the workers and join the Communist Party.

"It is your duty to study our literature. It is your duty to become a messenger of the Communist Party. It is your duty to become one of the great army of revolutionists in this country, a man or woman who is willing to go out among the workers and spread the gospel of truth. It is your duty, working men and women, to go into your factory and shop and distribute the literature of the Communist Party. It is your duty to stand by the Communist Party in this fight in its struggle against the capitalist system. The Communist Party does not promise you any heaven on earth. We do not promise you cheap milk or cheap funeral grounds. We do not promise you cheap beer like our friend Berger did in Wisconsin. The only promise we hold out to the working class is a standing invitation to join your workers and stand shoulder to shoulder in the rise of the revolutionary movement, and fight against the capitalist class.

"The only inducement we hold out to you is that you remain true to your class, that you remain a class conscious workingman, and that you unite with us to emulate the example set to us by our comrades and brothers to destroy capitalism, not only in Russia, not only in Europe, but throughout the world, and to establish a Soviet Government and Soviet League of Nations."

A similar impression is made by Rose Pastor Stokes, who on several occasions has been indicted for violation of various acts designed to protect the institutions of this country, and is now awaiting trial on indictment in Chicago. At a meeting held under the auspices of the Communist Party of America at Manhattan Lyceum, 66 East 4th street, on December 30, 1919, Mrs. Stokes said:

"We want to organize the working class. We want to make them conscious of their power. We want to give them an absolute reliance upon their organized industrial strength.

We want them to realize the power that there is in forces of numbers when those numbers are united. That is our crime. That is our chief crime.

"If we cannot carry on our work of organization, of unification of the workers, of education of the workers in the realization of their own historic destiny, in the realization that upon the proletarians themselves depends the new order, upon them and their own united strength depends the change that must come, the revolution, we must do that work whether there are laws piled upon laws and if there are any reporters here (I see one gentleman with a notebook) you may tell the opposition that if you pile laws upon laws, and pile them up again as high, and pile them up until they are as tall as the tallest Tower of Mammon, in the City of Mammon, we shall carry on our work. Our work will go forward, gentlemen, and it will go forward with greater determination, with more persistent effort, with at more enthusiastic effort, than it has ever been carried on before those laws were placed on the statute books of the bourgeois state."

The type of appeal made in order to encourage an audience atribute largely to the cause may be illustrated by the ing words of Harry M. Winitsky prior to taking up a coltion at a meeting held at Manhattan Lyceum, 66 East 4th reet, under the auspices of the Communist Party, on December 1, 1919. Mr. Winitsky said:

"Comrades, let us get down to business. You know what I mean. The capitalist class has challenged the working class. We accept the challenge. We are going to fight them as they have never been fought before. We are going to hurl back the challenge to the teeth of the scoundrels, and we are going to show them that the working class cannot be intimidated. The working class won't be intimidated, and we are going to show them that we can emulate the example of our comrades all over the world, and we can also abolish capitalism. We can also substitute in this country a government by the people, for the people and of the people, and that will be the workers.

We have other speakers here, and I do not want to detain You I have been given a mission which I am going to perform.

"We have six comrades who are still in the Tombs under $1,000 bail, awaiting to be taken out. It is not a pleasant place to stop in. Comrades Ruthenberg and Ferguson are on their way here, and are under $15,000 bail apiece. Comrade Ballon is being held in New Orleans prison, in a rat hole. We do not know what his bail will be. Comrades,

it is up to you to answer. It is up to you to give an answer that they will never forget. We are going on with our propaganda as long as we are on the outside, and when we are on the inside, our propaganda will be just as effective by our silence in the prisons, but it is your duty to carry on the struggle here. You may not be able to speak. You may not be in a position to go out and distribute literature, this or that, or numerous other things; but those of you who cannot distribute literature, those of you who cannot organize, must give those who can an opportunity to do their share of the work. All we ask of you is to give us the means of distributing literature. All we ask of you is to help us defend those who are in jail, and who are in jail as a sacrifice to the working class."

On the same evening Rose Pastor Stokes issued this challenge to the capitalist class:

"But, as I say, they are learning, and they are learning, not because I say again, we, a few fifty thousand of us teach them, not because we, who are willing to risk our lib erty, yes, gentlemen, even our lives, in order to pass out a few hundred leaflets to the workers with a word of truth upon it, for their class; but because with every evil act of capitalism in its struggle against the working class, in its struggle to retain power, they are teaching the workers infinitely faster, infinitely deeper, a lesson of class conscion ness and the class struggle, and the means by which tha: struggle can be accomplished, than anything we can say or do to make them understand.

"Here we are, gentlemen; you can jail us. We are not afraid of jails. Heavens, it is nothing to go to prison. It is nothing to go to prison when you know that whether you are behind the prison bars or not, whether you are alive cr dead, the liberation of the working class, and through them the liberation of the whole of humanity must soon be a ceme plished. We are not afraid. We will stand together. W