Burning alive. He that married or had carnal knowledge of both mother and daughter, or a priest's daughter who committed fornication, were thus punished, Lev. xx. 14. and xxi. 9.

him. Bonds, fetters, stocks, hard fare, &c. ordinarily attended imprisonment. (5.) Plucking out of the eyes. This happened in the case of Samson and Zedekiah, and was intended for the inhabitants of Jabesh-Thus Judah proposed to punish Tagilead, Exod. xxi. 24. Judg. xvi. 21. mar; and Nebuchadnezzar attempt2 Kings xxv. 7. 1 Sam. xi. 2. (6.) ed to punish Shadrach, Meshech, and Cutting off particular members of the Abednego, Gen. xxxviii. 24. Dan. body, as of the toes or thumbs: soiii. 21. (13.) Throwing of persons Adonibezek served seventy of his fel-from the top of a rock, with or withlow kings of Canaan, and at last was out a stone about their neck, or into so used by the Hebrews himself. the sea. Amaziah threw 10,000 EJudg. i. 5, 6, 7. Baanah and Re- domitish prisoners from the top of a chab, who murdered Ishbosheth, had rock, 2 Chron. xxv. 12. The people first their hands and feet cut off, and of Nazareth attempted to cast our Sathen were hanged, 2 Sam. iv. 12. viour from the top of a rock, Luke (7.) Plucking off the hair, was ativ. 29. (14.) Beheading: so Phaonce a very shameful and painful raoh's baker was cut off; so Abimepunishment, Isa. 1. 6: so Nehemiah || lech murdered his 70 brethren ; and punished some who had married the elders of Samaria, at Jehu's oridolatrous women, Neh. xiii. 25. At ders, murdered 70 of Ahab's posteriAthens, after the hair of adulterers ty, and sent their heads in baskets to was plucked off, they applied burn- him; and Herod murdered John, ing ashes to the skin. (8.) Killing || Gen. xl. 19. Judg. ix. 5. 2 Kings x. with the sword: so Zeba, Zulmunna, 7. Matth. xiv. 10. (15.) Tearing to Adouijah, and Joab, were executed, pieces alive : so Gideon tore off the Judg. viii. 21. 1 Kings ii. 25, 34. flesh of the rulers of Succoth with (9.) Crucifixion; in which the crimi-briars and thorns. David according nal being stretched, and bound or nail- to our version, tore off the flesh of the ed to a cross, hung there till he ex- Ammonites, by causing them to pass pired, Matth. xxvii. (10.) Hanging. under saws, harrows, and axes of iron, According to the Jews, none but idola- or caused them to pass through the ters and blasphemers were hanged burning brick-kiln. It is also supamong them. Some, as Haman and posed he tortured to death two thirds his sons, and the king of Ai, were of the Moabites, Judg. viii. 16. 2 Sam. hung up alive, Esth. vii. and ix. Josh. xii. 31. and viii. 2. (16.) Exposure viii. 29. Saul's seven descendants to wild beasts, to be torn to pieces by were hung up till they died, and all them; so Daniel and his accusers considerable time after, 1 Sam. xxi. were cast into the den of lions, chap. 12. Pharaoh's baker was first be- vi. The Heathens frequently exposheaded, and then hung up in chains, ed the primitive Christians to wild Gen. xl. 19. (11.) Stoning to death beasts, and sometimes in wild beasts was a very common punishment. It skins, that they might be the more is said to have been used wherever readily torn asunder. Perhaps Paul death was the penalty, and the kind of was exposed to beasts at Ephesus, 1 it not mentioned; as in the case of Cor. xv. 32. (17.) Racking or tym incestuous persons; defilers of wo- panizing: what this punishment was, men betrothed or married, or by force, whether that of the tressel or chivaor while in their issues; Sodomites, let, or flaying alive, or the bastinado, buggerors, idolators, blasphemers, is not agreed, Heb. xi. 35. (18.) Sawmagicians, witches, Sabbath-profa- ing asunder, beginning either at the Bers, rebellious children, C. (12.) feet or at the Lead; so it is said Isaiah