its natural food; if, while we allow ourselves recreations and exercises to cherish and refresh our spirits, and to waste and dispel humours without which a well-tempered constitution cannot be preserved, we would allow some exercise to our minds by a sober and frank conversation with learned, honest, and prudent men, whose informations, animadversions, and experience, might remove and expel the vanities and levities which infect our understandings; if, when an indisposition or distemper of body, an ill habit of health, calls upon us to take a course to purge away those choleric, and phlegmatic, and melancholic humours, which burn, and cloy, and suffocate the vital parts and passages, to let out that blood which is too rank, too corrupted, for our veins, and to expel those fumes and vapours which hurt our stomachs and ascend to our brains; if we would as diligently examine the distempers of our minds, revolve the rages and fury of our choler, the sullenness and pride of our melancholy; if we would correct this affection, and draw out that passion; expel those fumes and vapours of ambition which disturb and corrupt our reason and judgment, by sober and serious meditation of the excellency and benefit of patience, alacrity, and contentedness; that this affection and this passion is not consistent with sobriety and justice; that the satisfying them with the utmost license brings neither ease nor quiet to the mind, which is not capable of any happiness, but in, at least not without, its own innocence; that ambition always carries an insatiableness with it which is a torment to the mind; in a word, if we would consider there is scarce a disease, an indisposition, by which the body is disturbed, to which or some influence like it, the mind is not liable likewise; and that the remedies for the latter are much more natural, more in our power than those for the former; if we but use half our diligence and industry to apply them, we should find ourselves another kind of people, our understandings more vigorous, our lives more innocent, useful, and beneficial to God, to ourselves, and to our country; and we should think we had learned nothing till we had learned so to

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number our days that we might apply our hearts unto wisdom; that wisdom of which the fear of the Lord is the beginning, and of which the eternal blessing of God is the end and reward.

EXECUTION OF MONTROSE.

As soon as he had ended his discourse, he was ordered to withdraw; and after a short space was again brought in and told by the Chancellor, that he was on the morrow, being the twenty-first day of May, 1650, to be carried to Edinburgh Cross, and there to be hanged on a gallows, thirty feet high, for the space of three hours, and then to be taken down, and his head to be cut off upon a scaffold, and hung upon Edinburgh Tolbooth; and his legs and arms to be hung up in other public towns of the kingdom, and his body to be buried at the place where he was to be executed, except the kirk should take off his excommunication, and then his body might be buried in the common place of burial. He desired that he might say somewhat to them, but was not suffered, and so was carried back to prison.

That he might not enjoy any ease or quiet during the short remainder of his life, their ministers came presently to insult over him with all the reproaches imaginable; pronounced his damnation, and assured him that the judgment he was next day to suffer, was but an easy prologue to that which he was to undergo afterwards.

After many such barbarities, they offered to intercede for him to the kirk upon his repentance, and to pray with him; but he too well understood the common form of their prayers in those cases, and to be only the most virulent and insolent imprecations upon the persons of those they prayed against ("Lord, vouchsafe yet to touch the obdurate heart of this proud incorrigible sinner, this wicked, perjured, traitorous, and profane person, who refuses to hearken to the voice of thy kirk," and the like charitable expressions), and therefore he desired them to spare their pains, and to leave him to his own devotions.

He told them they were a miserable, deluded, and deluding people, and would shortly bring that poor nation. under the most insupportable servitude ever people had submitted to. He told them he was prouder to have his head set upon the place it was appointed to be, than to have his picture hung in the king's bedchamber; that he was so far from being troubled that his four limbs were to be hung in four cities of the kingdom, that he heartily wished he had flesh enough to be sent to every city in Christendom, as a testimony of the cause for which he suffered.

The next day they executed every part and circumstance of that barbarous sentence with all the inhumanity imaginable; and he bore it with all the courage and magnanimity, and the greatest piety, that a good Christian could manifest. He magnified the virtue, courage, and religion of the last king, exceedingly commended the justice, goodness, and understanding of the present king, and prayed that they might not betray him as they had done his father.

When he had ended all he meant to say, and was expecting to expire, they had yet one scene more to act of their tyranny. The hangman brought the book that had been published of his truly heroic actions, whilst he had commanded in that kingdom, which book was tied in a small cord that was put about his neck. The marquis smiled at this new instance of their malice, and thanked them for it, and said, he was pleased that it should be there, and was prouder of wearing it than ever he had been of the Garter; and so renewing some devout ejaculations, he patiently endured the last act of the executioner.

Thus died the gallant Marquis of Montrose, after he had given as great a testimony of loyalty and courage as a subject can do, and performed as wonderful actions in several battles upon great inequality of numbers, and as great disadvantages in respect of arms and other preparations for war, as have been performed in this age. was a gentleman of very ancient extraction, many of

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whose ancestors had exercised the highest charges under the king in that kingdom, and had been allied to the crown itself. He was of very good parts, which were improved by a good education; he had always a great emulation, or rather a great contempt of the Marquis of Argyle (as he was too apt to contemn those he did not love), who wanted nothing but honesty and courage to be a very extraordinary man, having all other good talents in a great degree.

Montrose was in his nature fearless of danger, and never declined any enterprise for the difficulty of going through with it; but exceedingly affected those which seemed desperate to other men, and did believe somewhat to be in him which other men were not acquainted with, which made him live more easily towards those who were or were not willing to be inferior to him (towards whom he exercised wonderful civility and generosity), than with his superiors or equals. He was naturally jealous, and suspected those, who did not concur with him in the way, not to mean so well as he. He was not without vanity, but his virtues were very much superior, and he well deserved to have his memory preserved and celebrated among the most illustrious persons of the age in which he lived.

SAMUEL PEPYS.

SAMUEL PEPYS, Secretary to the Admiralty under Charles II. and James II., was born A.D. 1632, and died 1703. He kept a diary for some nine years, which was first published in 1825.

KING CHARLES II. SAILS FOR ENGLAND.

THE king came on board-infinite shooting off of the guns, and that in a disorder to purpose, which was better than if it had been otherwise. All day, nothing but lords and persons of honour on board, that we were exceeding full. Dined in a great deal of state, the royal company by themselves in the coach, which was a blessed

sight to see. After dinner we weighed anchor, and with a fresh gale and most happy weather, we set sail for England.

All the afternoon, the king walked here and there, up and down, quite contrary to what I thought him to have been, very active and stirring. Upon the quarter-deck he fell into discourse of his escape from Worcester, where it made me ready to weep to hear the stories that he told of the difficulties that he had passed through, as his travelling four days and three nights on foot, every step up to his knees in dirt, with nothing but a green coat and a pair of country breeches on, and a pair of country shoes that made him so sore all over his feet, that he could scarce stir. Yet he was forced to run away from a miller and other company that took them for rogues. His sitting at table at one place, where the master of the house, that had not seen him in eight years did know him, but kept it private; when at the same table there was one that had been of his own regiment at Worcester, could not know him, but made him drink the king's health, and said that the king was at least four fingers higher than he.

At another place he was, by some servants of the house, made to drink, that they might know he was not a roundhead, which they swore he was. In another place at his inn, the master of the house, as the king was standing with his hands upon the back of a chair by the fireside, kneeled down and kissed his hand privately, saying, that he would not ask him who he was, but bid God bless him whither he was going. Then the difficulties in getting a boat to get into France, where he was fain to plot with the master thereof to keep his design from the foreman and a boy, which was all the ship's company, and so get to Fecamp in France. At Rouen he looked so poorly, that the people went into the rooms before he went away to see whether he had stole something or other.