the thawing entertainment concluded, as I shall this short account of my Russian travels.". - (The Surprising Travels and Adventures of Baron Munchhausen, Hughes's edn., no date, p. 19. The book was first published by Kearsley in 1786.)

No. 10, page 74. Stage Lions. - Nicolino Grimaldi, or "Nicolini," came to London in 1708, and in the Tatler of January 3, 1710 (No. 115), Steele, gives a highly favorable account of his powers. He had not only a good voice, but, as Addison also admits (p. 78), he was a good actor as well; and Cibber thought "that no Singer, since his Time, had so justly and gracefully acquitted himself, in whatever Character he appear'd, as Nicolini." — (An Apology for the Life of Mr. Colley Cibber, Comedian, 1740, p. 225.) There is a further reference to him in No. 405 of the Spectator.

Hydaspes (p. 75) was first produced on May 23, 1710. Being thrown naked to a lion, the hero, after an operatic combat selon les régles, strangles his opponent.

No. 11, page_79.· • Meditations in Westminster Abbey. Bird's Monument to Sir Cloudesly Shovel (p. 81) is in the south aisle of the Choir. The concluding paragraph of this paper may be contrasted with another classic passage: "O Eloquent, Just and Mighty Death! whom none could advise, thou hast perswaded; what none hath dared, thou hast done; and whom all the World hath flattered, thou only hast cast out of the World and despised: thou has drawn together all the far stretched Greatness, all the Pride, Cruelty and Ambition of Man, and covered it all over with these two narrow words, Hic jacet." The grave words of Addison pale beside the grave words of Raleigh, and the difference in style is the difference between the Eighteenth Century and the Seventeenth. Unfortunately, the History of the World is not entirely of a piece with the above quotation.

No. 12, page 84.- The Exercise of the Fan. The first suggestion of this essay, like some others by Addison, is due to Steele (see the account of the Fan which the "beauteous Delamira" resigns to the "matchless Virgulta" in the Tatler for August 9, 1709, No. 52). The following verses by Atterbury, which Steele quotes in Tatler No. 238, may also have been in Addison's mind:

"Flavia the least and slightest toy
Can with resistless art employ.

This fan in meaner hands would prove
An engine of small force in love;

But she with such an air and mien,

Not to be told, or safely seen,

Directs its wanton motions so,

That it wounds more than Cupid's bow;
Gives coolness to the matchless dame,
To ev'ry other breast a flame."

A more modern illustration of the use of this dangerous weapon is to be found in the Spanish experiences of Contarini Fleming (Part v., ch. 6): "But the fan is the most wonderful part of the whole scene. A Spanish lady, with her fan, might shame the tactics of a troop of horse. Now she unfurls it with the slow pomp and conscious elegance of the bird of Juno; now she flutters it with all the languor of a listless beauty, now with all the liveliness of a vivacious one. Now, in the midst of a very tornado, she closes it with a whir, which makes you start. .. Magical instrument! In this land it speaks a particular language, and gallantry requires no other mode to express its most subtle conceits or its most unreasonable demands than this delicate machine.' "Machine" and "tactics" read a little suspiciously; and it may be that Lord Beaconsfield in turn remembered his Spectator.

...

No. 13, page 89.- · Will Wimble. - Steele's first outline of Sir Roger is here printed as it appears in the folio issue of the Spectator (No. 2, March 2, 1711):

"The first of our Society is a Gentleman of Wor

cestershire, of ancient Descent, a Baronet, his Name Sir ROGER DE COVERLY. His great Grandfather was Inventor of that famous Country-Dance which is call'd after him. All who know that Shire, are very well acquainted with the Parts and Merits of Sir Roger. He is a Gentleman that is very singular in his Behaviour, but his Singularities proceed from his good Sense, and are Contradictions to the Manners of the World, only as he thinks the World is in the wrong. However, this Humour creates him no Enemies, for he does nothing with Sowerness or Obstinacy; and his being unconfined to Modes and Forms, makes him but the readier and more capable to please and oblige all who know him. When he is in Town he lives in Soho-Square: It is said, he keeps himself a Batchelor by reason he was crossed in Love, by a perverse beautiful Widow of the next County to him. Before this Disappointment, Sir ROGER was what you call a fine Gentleman, had often supped with my Lord Rochester and Sir George Etherege, fought a Duel upon his first coming to Town, and kick'd Bully Dawson in a publick Coffeehouse for calling him Youngster. But being illused by the above-mentioned Widow, he was very serious for a Year and a half; and tho' his Temper being naturally jovial, he at last got over it, he grew careless of himself, and never dressed afterwards; he continues to wear a Coat and Doublet of the same Cut that were in Fashion at the Time of his Repulse, which, in his merry Humours, he tells us, has been in and out twelve Times since he first wore it.. He is now in his Fiftysixth Year, cheerful, gay, and hearty; keeps a good House both in Town and Country; a great Lover of Mankind; but there is such a mirthful Cast in his Behaviour, that he is rather beloved than esteemed: His Tenants grow rich, his Servants look satisfied. all the young Women profess Love to him, and the young Men are glad of his Company: When he comes into a House he calls the Servants by their Names, and taiks all the Way up Stairs to a Visit. I must not omit that Sir ROGER is a justice of the Quorum;

that he fills the Chair at a Quarter-Session with great Abilities, and three Months ago, gain'd universal Applause by explaining a Passage in the Game-Act." The character thus generally sketched, was subsequently elaborated, though not without certain discrepancies, into one of the most popular personages of fiction. The lion's share of the work was Addison's, Steele's contributions being only seven in number. Budgell and Tickell also assisted. (See No. 15, Sir Roger de Coverley HareHunting, and note to No. 21, Death of Sir Roger de Coverley.)

Sir John Pakington, a Tory Knight of Worcestershire, has been named as the original of Sir Roger; while the death of the reputed prototype of Will Wimble is thus recorded in the Gentleman's Magazine for 1741, p. 387: "July 2. At Dublin, Mr. Tho. Morecroft, a Baronet's younger Son, the Person mentioned by the Spectator in the Character of Will Wimble." But, for the reasons given in a previous note, no real importance can be attached to either of these indications. It is much more likely, as suggested by Mr. W. Henry Wills (Sir Roger de Coverley, 1850, p. 193), that the character account of "Mr. Thomas Gules of Gule Hall," of Wimble grew out of a hint of Steele's. (See Tatler, No. 256.)

No. 14, page 94. ·Sir Roger de Coverley's Ancestors. -In Fisher's Ground Plan of Whitehall, 1680, the Tilt-Yard (p. 95) is shewn facing the Banqueting House, and extending to the right. Jenny Man's "Tilt-Yard Coffee House," to which Sir Roger refers, is said to have stood on the site at present occupied by the Paymaster General's Office, and still existed in 1819. Now (1882), the Paymaster General's itself is to be pulled down, and in a brief space of time fresh structures will again arise upon the spot where the Knight's ancestor manipulated his adversary with such "laudable Courtesy and pardonable Insolence." As Bramston sings:

"What's not destroy'd by Time's devouring hand?

Where's Troy, and where's the may-pole in the Strand ? "

A "white-pot" (p. 96), according to Halliwell, is a dish made of cream, sugar, rice, cinnamon, etc., formerly much eaten in Devonshire. Gay, who came from that county, thus refers to it in the Shepherd's Week, 1714:

"Pudding our Parson eats, the Squire loves Hare,
But White-pot thick is my Buxoma's Fare."

No. 15, page 100.

Hunting.

Monday; or, The Squabble.

· Sir Roger de Coverley HareAs to Sir Roger's solicitude with respect to the voices of his dogs, compare Somervile's Chace, 1735, Bk. i. p. 18:

"But above all take heed, nor mix thy Hounds

Of diff'rent Kinds; discordant sounds shall grate
Thy Ears offended, and a lagging Line

Or babbling Curs disgrace thy broken Pack."

The concluding portion of this paper, on the advantages of hunting, has been omitted.

No. 16, page 106. The Citizen's Journal. The "falling of a pewter dish" (p. 109) suggests an eighteenth-century detail hardly realizable in these days, namely, the scarcity of common earthenware. Plates, basins, spoons, flagons, everything was pewter. Some quaint illustrations of this are to be found in a very interesting article on "Mrs. Harris's Household Book' which appeared in the Saturday_Review for January 21st, 1882. "Brooke [not 'Brook's'] and Hellier" (p. 111) were wine-merchants in Basing Lane near Bread Street," who frequently advertised in the Spectator (see Nos. 150 et seq., original issue), a fact which probably accounts for their presence in the text, here and elsewhere, as neither Steele nor Addison seem to have been averse to "backing of their friends."

Every club or coffee-house (we must assume) had its private oracle, who, at Will's or the Grecian,