Income Inequality and Poverty in MalaysiaRowman & Littlefield, 1998 - 243 стор. This book traces Malaysia's economic expansion and evaluates the success of the government's New Economic Policy (NEP), which was designed to promote national unity by reducing poverty as well as by loosening the link between ethnicity and economic function. As well as providing the first comprehensive analysis of income distribution trends after the inauguration of the NEP, the study also considers interethnic, urban-rural, and regional variations over time. Shireen Hashim shows that poverty and inequality are still rampant, though she demonstrates significant reductions in poverty and declining income inequality. Her thorough analysis and use of previously unpublished data makes this work a key reference on the Malaysian economy. |
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Зміст
PREFACE | v |
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | vii |
TABLES | xiii |
APPENDICES | xxii |
ABBREVIATIONS | xxiii |
INTRODUCTION General Background | xxv |
Colonial Legacy 17861957 | 2 |
PostColonial Scenario 19571969 | 3 |
Decomposition of Inequality | 90 |
PERSONAL INCOME INEQUALITY IN SABAH AND SARAWAK Trends in Income Inequality | 97 |
Overall Income Inequality | 104 |
Sabah | 106 |
Sarawak | 108 |
UrbanRural Inequality | 110 |
Sabah | 111 |
Sarawak | 116 |
The New Economic Policy 19701990 | 4 |
Scope and Layout | 17 |
Data Sources and Comparability | 20 |
INEQUALITY AND POVERTY MEASURES Income Distribution and Development | 26 |
Regional Income Inequality | 30 |
Poverty | 32 |
Measures of Inequality | 34 |
Absolute Approach | 35 |
Relative Approach | 36 |
Income Inequality | 37 |
Testing Kuznets Hypothesis | 39 |
Regional Inequality | 40 |
Approaches to Studying Malay Poverty | 41 |
Definition of Poverty | 43 |
Empirical Studies of Poverty in Malaysia | 44 |
Poverty | 46 |
Income Inequality | 54 |
TESTING KUZNETS HYPOTHESIS Time Series Data | 57 |
Cross Sectional Data | 60 |
1984 | 61 |
1987 | 64 |
1989 | 65 |
Conclusion | 70 |
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA PERSONAL INCOME INEQUALITY | 76 |
Overall Economic Inequality | 77 |
UrbanRural Inequality | 80 |
Ethnic Inequality | 85 |
Sabah | 120 |
Sarawak | 122 |
Sabah | 124 |
Sarawak | 127 |
Comparing Sabah and Sarawak to Peninsular Malaysia | 129 |
REGIONAL INEQUALITY Decomposition of Regional Inequality | 132 |
Historical Pattern | 135 |
Regional Labor Participation and Sectoral Distribution | 140 |
POVERTY Calculation of the Official Malaysian Poverty Line | 147 |
Updating the Poverty Line | 148 |
Problems with the Malaysian Poverty Line | 155 |
Peninsular Malaysia | 161 |
Sabah and Sarawak | 168 |
Sabah | 169 |
Sarawak | 172 |
Conclusion | 175 |
EXPLAINING CHANGES IN INCOME DISTRIBUTION AND POVERTY | 185 |
Rural Development Programs | 191 |
Specific Development Programs | 193 |
New Land Development Programs | 194 |
InSitu Development Programs | 196 |
Departmental Programs | 204 |
Human Resource Development | 206 |
Conclusion | 217 |
BIBLIOGRAPHY | 229 |
240 | |
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Загальні терміни та фрази
1980 RM prices 20 percent Anand Atkinson index Average Annual Change Bajau between-location Bidayuh Bottom 40 Bumiputera Calculated from Table capita GDP Capita Household Income Change in Number component Contribution to Inequality decline Decomposition Department of Statistics dependent variable economic growth estimated ethnic groups expenditure exports FELDA Gini coefficient Gross Household Incomes growth rates Household Income Survey Households Mean incidence of poverty income disparity ratio income distribution income inequality income share increased industries Ishak Shari Johor Kadazan Kedah Kelantan Kuala Lumpur Kuznets Malay manufacturing mean and median Melanau Middle 40 Model Monthly Gross Household Monthly Per Capita Murut Negri Sembilan Number of Households Number of Poor overall inequality Pahang Peninsular Malaysia Percentage of households Perlis policies poor households population poverty gap poverty line income regional inequality rubber rural areas rural households Sabah and Sarawak Selangor smallholders Source Theil Indices Trengganu urban and rural urban areas urban households