The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman EmpireCosimo, Inc., 1 січ. 2008 р. - 564 стор. The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire is Edward Gibbon's magnum opus, written and published over a 13-year period beginning in 1776. It not only chronicles the events of the downfall starting with the end of the rule of Marcus Aurelius, but proposes a theory as to why Rome collapsed: the populace, Gibbon theorizes, lost its moral fortitude, its militaristic will, and its sense of civic duty. History is considered a classic in world literature, and Gibbon is sometimes called the first "modern historian" for his insistence upon using primary sources for his research. Many scholars today still use his highly regarded work as reference. In this fifth of seven volumes, readers will find Chapter 45 ("State of Italy Under the Lombards") through Chapter 51 ("Conquests by the Arabs"), which cover the reign of Justin II; the Lombards' conquest of Italy; the Franks' conquest of Italy; the reign of Tiberius II; the life of Gregory the Great; and the rules of Phocas and Heraclius; the development of Christianity in the Eastern Roman Empire and the councils of Ephesus, Chalcedon, and Nice; the Greek emperors of Constantinople; the rule of Charlemagne of France and the division of his empire upon his death; and the clash between the Arabs and the Eastern Roman Empire. English parliamentarian and historian EDWARD GIBBON (1737-1794) attended Magdelan College, Oxford for 14 months before his father sent him to Lausanne, Switzerland, where he continued his education. He published Essai sur l'tude de la Littrature (1761) and other autobiographical works, including Mmoire Justificatif pour servir de Rponse l'Expos, etc. de la Cour de France (1779). |
Зміст
1 | |
2 | |
39 | |
Exploits of Bahram | 46 |
34 | 54 |
6709 | 62 |
Election of Phocas | 63 |
16 | 69 |
Romanus I Lecapenus | 209 |
Romanus II junior | 211 |
John Zimisces Basil II Constantine IX VIII | 213 |
Basil II and Constantine IX VIII | 215 |
Romanus III Argyrus | 217 |
Michael IV the Paphlagonian | 218 |
Michael V Calaphates | 219 |
Theodora | 220 |
Chosroes invades the Roman Empire | 70 |
His Preparations for | 81 |
His third Expedition | 88 |
CHAPTER XLVII | 96 |
Double Nature of Cerinthus | 102 |
17 | 104 |
29 | 110 |
Nestorius Patriarch of Constantinople | 111 |
64 | 125 |
The Henoticon of Zeno | 153 |
Church of Abyssinia | 165 |
Heracleonas | 175 |
Punishment of Martina and Heracleonas | 176 |
Constantine IV Pogonatus | 178 |
Justinian II | 179 |
705711 His Restoration and Death | 180 |
Philippicus | 183 |
Anastasius II | 184 |
740 Constantine V Copronymus | 186 |
Leo IV | 188 |
Constantine VI and Irene | 189 |
Irene | 190 |
Nicephorus I | 192 |
Rhangabe | 193 |
Michael II the Stammerer | 195 |
Theophilus | 196 |
Michael III | 199 |
Basil I the Macedonian | 201 |
Leo VI the Philosopher | 206 |
Alexander Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus | 208 |
Constantine XI X Ducas | 222 |
Diogenes | 223 |
Nicephorus III Botaniates | 224 |
Alexius I Comnenus | 226 |
John or CaloJohannes | 228 |
Manuel | 229 |
Alexius II | 232 |
Andronicus I Comnenus | 239 |
Isaac II Angelus | 241 |
Conquest of Lombardy by Charlemagne | 268 |
VIIth General Council IId of Nice | 276 |
Otho King of Germany restores and appropriates the Western | 293 |
Reformation and Claims of the Church | 299 |
The Germanic Constitution | 306 |
625 Of Ohud | 318 |
Mahomet preaches at Mecca | 351 |
334 | 382 |
CHAPTER LI | 397 |
Sack of Madayn | 406 |
Death of the last King | 413 |
Invasion of SYRIA | 420 |
Fair of Abyla | 428 |
Conquest of Jerusalem | 434 |
Exile of Nestorius | 435 |
Invasion of Egypt | 442 |
Heresy of Eutyches | 448 |
The first Descent of the Arabs | 474 |
Disgrace of Musa | 482 |
The Empire of the Caliphs | 492 |
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Abulfeda Alboin Alexandria ancient Annal Antioch apostle Arabian Arabs Armenian arms army Autharis Avars Bahram barbarians Baronius Basil Bibliot bishops Byzantine Cæsars caliph camp captives Catholics century chagan Chalcedon character Charlemagne Chosroes Christ Christians church clergy command conqueror conquest Constantine Constantinople council Cyril D'Herbelot death desert East ecclesiastical Egypt emperor empire enemy Ephesus epistle Eutyches Evagrius exile faith father Gepida Greeks Gregory Heraclius Hist historians holy honour Hormouz hundred Imperial Irenæus Italy John of Ephesus justice Justinian king kingdom Koran Koreish Latin Lombards Mahomet Manichæan Maurice Mecca monarch monks Monophysites Muratori Narses nation Nestorians Nestorius Nicephorus Nushirvan Oriental Pagi palace patriarch peace Persian person Phocas Pisidia pope prince prophet provinces reign religion revenge Roman Rome royal saint Saracens soldiers sovereign spirit successor superstition sword synod Syria Theophanes Theophylact Theophylact Simocatta thousand throne tion troops tyrant valour victory virtues zeal καὶ