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As thus he fpake, each bird and beast behold
Approaching two and two, these cowring low 350
With blandishment, each bird ftoop'd on his wing.
I nam'd them, as they pafs'd, and understood
Their nature, with fuch knowledge God indued
My fudden apprehenfion: but in these

I found not what methought I wanted still;
And to the heav'nly vision thus prefum'd.

O by what name, for thou above all these,
Above mankind, or ought than mankind higher,
Surpaffeft far my naming, how may
Adore thee, Author of this universe,

353. with fuch knowledge God

indued &c.] Wonderful was the knowledge God beftow'd on Adam, nor that part of it leaft, which concerned the naming things aright; as Cicero agrees with Py. thagoras; Qui primus, quod fummæ fapientiæ Pythagoræ vifum eft, omnibus rebus nomina impofuit. Tufc. Difp. lib. 1. fect. 25. Hume. but in thefe 354 I found not what methought I wanted ftill;] The account given by Mofes is very fhort here, as in all the reft. Gen. II. 19, 20 And out of the ground the Lord God formed every beaft of the field, and every fowl of the air, and brought them unto Adam to fee what he would call them: and whatsoever Adam called every living creature, that was

I

355

360 And

And Adam gave

the name thereof.
names to all cattel, and to the fowl
of the air, and to every beaft of the
field: but for Adam there was not
found an help meet for him. And from
this fhort account our author has
rais'd what a noble episode! and
what a divine dialogue from the
latter part only!

357. O by what name, &c.] Adam in the next place defcribes a conference which he held with his Maker upon the fubject of folitude The poet here reprefents the Supreme Being, as making an effay of his own work, and putting to the trial that reafoning faculty, with which he had indued his creature. Adam urges in this divine colloquy the impoffibility of his being happy, tho' he was the inhabitant of Para

dife,

And all this good to man? for whose well being
So amply, and with hands fo liberal

Thou haft provided all things: but with me
I see not who partakes. In folitude

What happiness, who can enjoy alone,
Or all enjoying, what contentment find?
Thus I prefumptuous; and the vifion bright,
As with a smile more brighten'd, thus reply'd.
What call'st thou folitude? is not the earth
With various living creatures, and the air
Replenish'd, and all these at thy command

365

370

To come and play before thee? know'st thou not

dife, and lord of the whole creation, without the conversation and fociety of fome rational creature, who fhould partake those bleffings with him. This dialogue, which is fupported chiefly by the beauty of the thoughts, without other poetical ornaments, is as fine a part as any in the whole poem. The more the reader examins the juftnefs and delicacy of its fentiments, the more he will find. himfelf pleased with it. The poet has wonderfully preferved the character of majesty and condefcenfion in the Creator, and at the fame time that of humility and adoration in the creature. Addifon.

Their

357. O by &c] It is an unreafonable as well as untheological fuppofition, that God gave man the infpir'd knowledge of the natures of his fellow-creatures before the nature of his creator; yet this our poet fuppofes. What seems to have mifled him was that in the ordinary way of acquiring knowledge we rise from the creature to the creator.

372.

Warburton. know'st thou not

Their language and their ways?] That brutes have a kind of language among themselves is evident and undeniable. There is a treatife in French of the language of brutes: and our author fuppofes that Adam understood this language and was of knowledge fuperior to any of his Virg. Æn. I. 327. defcendents, and befides was aflifted

O by what name,
O quam te memorem ?

by

Their language and their ways? they also know,
And reafon not contemptibly; with these

Find pastime, and bear rule;, thy realm is large. 375
So fpake the univerfal Lord, and seem'd

So ord'ring. I with leave of speech implor'd,
And humble deprecation thus reply'd.

Let not my words offend thee, heav'nly Power,

My Maker, be propitious while I speak.

Haft thou not made me here thy fubftitute,

And these inferior far beneath me fet?
Among unequals what society

Can fort, what harmony or true delight?
Which must be mutual, in proportion due

by inspiration, with fuch knowledge God indued bis fudden apprebenfion. He is faid by the School Divines to have exceeded Solomon himself in knowlege.

379. Let not my words offend thee,] Abraham thus implores leave to fpeak, and makes interceffion for Sodom with the like humble deprecation. Gen. XVIII. 30. Ob let not the Lord be angry, and I will Speak.

386. but in disparity &c.] But in inequality, fuch as is between brute and rational; the one intenfe, man high, wound up, and ftrain'd to nobler understanding, and of more lofty faculty; the other ftill remifs,

380

385

Giv'n

the animal, let down, and flacker,
groveling in more low and mean
perceptions, can never fuit together.
A mufical metaphor, from ftrings,
of which the ftretch'd and highest
lack a flat and heavy one.
give a fmart and fharp found, the
Hume.

395. Much lefs can bird with beast,
or fish with fowl

So well converfe, nor with the ox the ape;

Worfe then can man with beaft,&c.]
Dr. Bentley would have us read thus,
But ox with ape cannot fo well con-
verse,

Much lefs can bird with beaft, or
fish with fowl;
Worfe then &c.

But

Giv'n and receiv'd; but in difparity

The one intenfe, the other still remifs

Cannot well fuit with either, but foon prove
Tedious alike: Of fellowship I speak

Such as I feek, fit to participate

390

All rational delight, wherein the brute
Cannot be human confort; they rejoice

;

Each with their kind, lion with lioness
So fitly them in pairs thou haft combin'd;
Much less can bird with beaft, or fish with fowl 395
So well converfe, nor with the ox the ape;
Worse then can man with beast, and least of all.
Whereto th' Almighty answer'd not displeas'd.

A

But this reading is faulty in the dic- man confort in rational delight, i. c. tion; for it names or and ape with- cannot converfe with man in that out the article the before them. When way: and then he adds here Much Milton fpeaks of general things as fs can bird well converse so with bird, beaft and fub, he drops the ar- beaft &c. i. e. lefs ftill can one irraticle; but he always ufes it when tional animal converfe in this way particular kinds are mention'd; and with another irrational animal; not this grammar requires. Well, but only if they be of a different fpecies, what is the fault of the common as bird and beast, fish and fowl are; reading? The Doctor fays that the but even if they be of the fame ex is nearer to the ape than bird is fpecies, as the ox and ape are; the to beeft &c; fo that the disharmony most widely different creatures of diminishes by the order of the any which are of the fame fpecies. phrafe, inftead of increafing. This But leaft of all can man converse objection will be remov'd by con- in a rational way with any of the fidering the fenfe of the whole beafts or irrational creatures. Is not paffage, which the Doctor feems not here a very proper gradation? to have confider'd aright. The brute (fays Milton ver. 391.) cannot be huVOL. II.

G

406.

Pearce,

A nice and subtle happiness I fee

Thou to thyself propofest, in the choice

Of thy affociates, Adam, and wilt taste

400

No pleasure, though in pleasure, folitary.
What think'st thou then of me, and this my ftate?
Seem I to thee fufficiently poffefs'd

Of happiness, or not? who am alone
From all eternity, for none I know

Second to me or like, equal much less.

How have I then with whom to hold converfe
Save with the creatures which I made, and thofe
To me inferior, infinite defcents

Beneath what other creatures are to thee?

405

410

He ceas'd, I lowly anfwer'd. To attain

The highth and depth of thy eternal ways

All human thoughts come short, Supreme of things;

Thou in thyself art perfect, and in thee

Is no deficience found; not fo is Man,
But in degree, the cause of his defire

406. none I know Second to me or like,] Nec viget quicquam fimile aut fecundum. Hor. Ôd. Î. XII. 18.

413. The bighth and depth of thy eternal ways &c.] Rom. XI.

415

By

33. O the depth of the riches both of the wisdom and knowledge of God! bow unfearchable are bis judgments, and his ways paft finding out!

421. And through all numbers abfolute,] A Latin expreffion, om.ibus

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