National Industrial Unions and Departments of Industries (perhaps exclusively, according to conditions).

"Under Socialism......new functions will be assumed by the highest body of the organization, or rather, society. The delegates who assemble from the various industries will not meet once a year, discuss for a few days and adjourn, but will remain in session for long periods as the Industrial Congress of the land.

"The important duties of such a body are readily apparent. Through it the various Departmental affairs are co-ordinated and uniformity of policy secured in all branches of production and workers' activities.

"The W. I. I. U. is not aiming at a Syndicalist society. It does not hold that the railway workers shall own the railways, factory workers the factories, farmers the land, seamen the ships, etc., but that all means of wealth production shall be the common property of all workers.

"Nor are Departments of Industries given exclusive

authority within their Departments.

Such authority must al

vays be subject to the welfare of the people as a whole, re

presented by their Industrial Congress.

"Elected from industrial constituencies, the future working class administrative bodies are in direct contact with the requirements. of the country, and efficient administration is assured, with the fullest liberty in all

branches, under the guidance of a strong Central Directing

Authority."1

1. Industrial Union News, Feb. 28, 1920. Italics mine.

gime.

Here is the supreme authority under the proposed reGovernment will not pass away, but it will be transformed. In the Industrial Congress will reside the sovereignty of the nation, guarding the weal of the people as a whole.

4. Tactics

In order to attain their goal, De Leonites would bring

all toilers together on the political as well as the industrial field.1 field. Of the two kinds of action, political and industrial,

it is quite evident which is considered the necessary prerequisite. "The political movement," said De Leon, "is absolutely the reflex of economic organization."2

Political action is to have a purely destructive function, while economic organization is to serve a constructive purpose as well, inasmuch as the W. I. I. U. intends "to take and hold all means of production and distribution, and to run ..3 ་་ them for the benefit of all wealth producers. A general political victory of Socialism would spell the downfall of political government and the advent of an Industrial Republic, a society without classes and without political antagonisms. "Every political struggle," says & W. I. I. U. writer, "is fundamentally an economic struggle; and the eradication of the industrial struggle of the classes spells, consequently,

the eradication of politics."4

1. Constitution of W.I.I.U.. Preamble.

2. Daniel De Leon, "Socialist Reconstruction of Society," 38. 3. Constitution of W.I.I.U., Freamble.

4. Karl Dannenberg, "The Road to Power," 20.