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of a pale yellow, which deepens as it advances to ripeness,
and gradually gives place to a rich scarlet. It equals the
largest garden strawberry in size, but must be eaten with
more caution, for those who are unaccustomed to it, and
indulge too freely, are seized with an oppression little less
than lethargic. This I take upon the credit of the country-
people, who use it themselves without reserve, generally
accompanying it with a hearty draught of water, to qualify
its juices. The elder Pliny calls this fruit unido, because
no more than one berry can be eaten at a time with safety;
but Virgil makes it the common food of the first inhabit-
ants of the earth; following Lucretius, who ranks it with
the acorn itself, and tells us that in the earlier ages it
grew to an extrordinary size, and was found in great abund-
ance. The arbutus was no less esteemed among the an-
cients for its pleasant shade than for its fruit, as may be dis-
covered from the poets, and particularly from Horace, the
admirer and best judge of whatever is elegant in retirement.
Thy isle, gay green, of never-fading dye,
Spreads Nature's comeliest wardrobe to the eye
And when the honours of the groves are shed,
Midst the pale ruin lifts its blooming head:
Now o'er the glassy and pellucid stream,
Throws the mild lustre of the emerald beam;
One everlasting smile of joy it wears,

And winter's sickly, drear dominion, cheers.

A little beyond Arbutus Island, on the opposite side of the lake, the visiter reaches Coffin Point; and as soon as he has doubled it, he discovers that it is the end of a very long narrow promontory, and stands at the mouth of a large bay or inlet, which runs inland for a considerable distance, and receives at its

matter, which is furnished by the trees, and the appearance of which is deserving of notice.

In traversing this island, (says an anonymous writer,) I decayed leaves and boughs. I could easily discover the observed it was carpeted over with a thick covering of putrefaction; till near the bottom, where the dissolution strata of the several past years by the different degrees of

was more complete, they were cemented into one uniform rains and moisture as not to be at all distinguishable. As mass condensed by the pressure above, and so swoln by the the decay was more perfect, the colours declined more perceptibly from the original lighter tints, ending in the bottom in as perfect a black as I ever saw in any of our bogs. The similitude of the contexture as well as the colour, convinced me that the black bogs with which Ireland abounds, have been formed by the same process: a process which is probably forwarded by the continual moisture and rains in a climate neither burnt up by scorching heats, nor congealed by the rigours of cold.

The similarity here spoken of between the mass of decayed vegetable upon this island and the peat of the bogs does exist. The average depth of the peat in the bogs being twenty-five feet, its surface is covered with moss of various species, and to the depth of ten feet it is composed of a mass of the fibres of similar vegetables in different stages of decomposition, proportioned to their depth from the surface; below this to the depth perhaps of ten feet more, generally lies a light blackish-brown turf, in which the fibres of moss are still visible though not perfect. termination or head, the little river of Derricunnihy At a greater depth the fibres of vegetable matter Mountain, or the river Kavoge as it is called. The cascades on this river far surpass, both in beauty blacker, and the substance much more compact in cease to be visible, the colour of the turf becoming and volume, all others at Killarney, being, in gene-proportion as the depth increases; near the bottom it ral, the best supplied with water. They lie concealed from the lake, being situated in the depths of a thick wood; and the numerous rocks and thick tangled underwood which intervene, render the approach to them a task of some difficulty.

The

forms a black, which, when dry, has a strong resemblance to pitch or bituminous coal. The old opinion, however, at one time very generally adopted, that the bogs have originated from the decay of large forests is not tenable at the present day; more recent invesAt the western end of the lake lies the little cluster tigations having led to the discovery of facts incomor archipelago of the Seven Islands, which are beau-patible with that theory of their formation. tiful in themselves, and so grouped as to form a delightful assemblage. They are all lofty and rise very boldly from the water upon rocky bases, whose bold broken crags in many places overhang the lake, which seem to forbid the approach of human footsteps, and consecrate them to their native ospreys and eagles."

The largest of these islands is called Ronan's or Ronayn's Island; and a visit to it forms an essential part of the regular tour of the lakes. It is richly wooded with oak, arbutus, and other trees, and is accessible at only one spot, namely, close to the cottage. Hence a path winding round the rocks leads

to an eminence or sort of natural terrace on the summit of an island, about thirty feet above the surface of the water.

No power of language, (says Mr. Weld,) is adequate to

convey an idea of the wildness and variety of the view which opens from this spot. The lake is seen in all its intricate windings studded with islands, and bounded by immense mountains

With woods o'erhung and shagg'd with mossy rock, Whence on each hand the gushing waters play, And down the rough cascades white dashing fall, Or gleam in lengthened vistas through the trees. Not a single habitation, not a trace of man's labour can be discovered in any part of this vast amphitheatre. . . It is scarcely possible to enter the confines of this sequestered and enchanting region, without feeling the influence of a spell which abstracts the mind from the noise and folly of the world, and banishes for the moment the desire of returning to the gay and busy scenes of human life.

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It is from Ronayn's Island that the view represented in our engraving is taken the large mountain in the background is that which bears the name of Derricunnihy. The surface of the island is covered with successive layers of the decayed vegetable

trees which are found in the bogs, standing as they grew, have generally six or seven feet of compact peat under their roots, clearly proving the formation of the peat to have been previous to the growth of

the trees.

To enter at any length into a description of the various bays and inlets, glens and cascades on this romantic lake, would be useless and fatiguing to the reader. The visiter who has sufficient time at his

disposal will do well to explore it at his ease; he will find an ample reward for his trouble in the extraordinary variety of scenes which its irregular and almost fantastic arrangement enables it to display.

The new road running along the margin of the channel between the Upper Lake and the Lower

Lakes, should not pass unvisited; to those who have
but a little time at their disposal, it affords a good
survey of this remarkable passage which is spoken
of as being" quite unique in mountain scenery."
The rocks which enclose the channel have a very
romantic appearance, every cleft being choked with
arbutus, holly, and other evergreens; and "the
scenery along the whole of this beautiful piece of
road," to use the words of Mr. Barrow, " is quite
enchanting."

The new road to Kenmare, (says another recent writer,) has converted the aquatic system of viewing the lakes into a more secure, and for that reason, perhaps, a more agreeable mode, and has at the same time unfolded a new series of landscapes into which the lakes themselves enter as minor component parts, an advantage but partially enjoyed in sketching either from the water or its banks. From the curious tunnel through which Mr. Griffiths romantic road is conveyed, the Upper Lake is seen expanding and spreading away amidst little bays and indentations, until it appears to lave the foot of the majestic Carran Tual.

ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE BIBLE FROM THE
MONUMENTS OF ANTIQUITY.

No. XIII.

THE OVERTHROW OF PHARAOH'S HOST IN
THE RED SEA.

PHARAOH had no sooner given the children of Israel
liberty to depart than he became sorry for his con-
cessions, and resolved to pursue them. From what
we have said before, it is evident that the Hebrews
were valuable subjects; they occupied rich pastures
which the native Egyptians would have neglected,
partly from their dislike of a pastoral life, and partly
from dread of the Arab tribes; they had been profit-
able slaves in executing the public works, which the
usurping invaders had deemed necessary for their
security; and, finally, their example was likely to
influence other races in Upper and Middle Egypt, to
withdraw themselves from their allegiance to the
foreign intruders. The Scripture narrative very
clearly intimates the motives which actuated the

wicked king.

And it was told the King of Egypt that the people fled: and the heart of Pharaoh and of his servants was turned against the people, and they said, Why have we done this, that we have let Israel go from serving us? (Exod. xiv. 5.) It was no point of duty, no feeling of pride, and still less was it any sense of wrong, which induced the monarch to violate the compact he had so recently made with Moses. Avarice, not ambition, hurried him forward; he was enraged at the thought of losing such profitable slaves. His preparations for the pursuit must next engage our attention.

CHARIOT, CHARIOTEER, AND WARRIOR.

And he made ready his chariot, and took his people with him: And he took six hundred chosen chariots, and all the chariots of Egypt, and captains over every one of them. And the Lord hardened the heart of Pharaoh king of Egypt, and he pursued after the children of Israel: and the children of Israel went out with an high hand. But the Egyptians pursued after them, all the horses and chariots of Pharaoh, and his horsemen, and his army, and overtook them encamping by the sea, beside Pi-hahiroth, before Baal-zephon. (Exod. xiv. 6-9.)

It is first mentioned, that "he made ready his chariot;" on the monuments kings and noble warriors appear always mounted in chariots, when they are going out to war or to a distant chase. The chariot appears generally to have been framed of wood, but in one or two instances it would seem as if at least part of the frame was made of brass. It was mounted on two wheels, which were sometimes of wood and sometimes of metal. In the age of Solomon cast wheels appear to have been principally used, for in the description of the great brazen laver, we read,

Under the borders were four wheels; and the axletrees of the wheels were joined to the base: and the height of a wheel was a cubit and half a cubit. And the work of the wheels was like the work of a chariot-wheel: their axletrees, and their naves, and their felloes and their spokes, were all molten. (I. Kings, vii. 32, 33.)

The engraving which we have copied, represents a Jewish, not an Egyptian chariot, but the description of one is, in a great degree, applicable to the other; and we shall, as we proceed, point out the most remarkable points in which they differed. The chawhom principally attended to the management of the riots were intended to carry two warriors, one of horses, while the other wielded the weapons of war. find the king or warrior alone in the chariot, and in But in the Egyptian representations, we frequently fastened round his body, while his hands are engaged one example we see the charioteer with the reins in wielding his bow and arrows. No mention is made of any similar practice in Holy Writ; whenever there is mention made of a royal chariot, the driver or charioteer is particularly noticed. Thus, in the account of Ahab's death at the battle of Ramoth Gilead:

And a certain man drew a bow at a venture, and smote the king of Israel between the joints of the harness:

wherefore he said unto the driver of his chariot, Turn thine hand, and carry me out of the host; for I am wounded. And the battle increased that day: and the king was stayed up in his chariot against the Syrians, and died at even: and the blood ran out of the wound into the midst of the chariot. (I. Kings, xxii. 34, 35.)

The second verse which we have quoted, leads us to remark a peculiarity of the ancient chariots, which we shall again have occasion to notice; they were open at the back, and unprovided with a seat; hence when Ahab was mortally wounded, his servants were obliged "to stay him up" in his chariot, otherwise he must have fallen out in the hurry of the retreat. This circumstance also enables us to appreciate the fulfilment of Elijah's remarkable denunciation against Abab.

Thus saith the Lord, Hast thou killed, and also taken possession? And thou shalt speak unto him, saying, Thus saith the Lord, In the place where dogs licked the blood of Naboth shall dogs lick thy blood, even thine (I. Kings, xxi. 19.)

The blood welling from the wouna coagulated on the floor of the chariot, and when the servants washed it in the pool of Samaria, the dogs licked the drops as they trickled on the ground.

Every chariot was drawn by two horses, and great attention was bestowed on the breeding and training of the steeds. They were richly caparisoned, and their heads were frequently adorned with olumes of ostrich feathers. The Egyptian chariots had usually a quiver and bow-case fixed outside them, which were decorated with extraordinary taste and skill, so that they contributed very much to the riot. The cover of the quipicturesque effect of the chainto the head of some animal, ver was frequently fashioned and the sides of it were covered with embossed leather, woods and ivory. The Heor inlaid with variegated brews did not make so much use of the bow as the Syrithat one of the earliest imans and Egyptians. We find after his accession, was the provements made by David formation of a company of archers, which he levied from the tribe of Judah. In close combat the Egyptian cha

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QUIVERS

FALCHION.

similar to the pole-axe of the middle ages; and as the cars were hung low, the warrior in the chariot could easily cut down an enemy who opposed him on foot.

rioteers used either the curved sword, commonly | Babylon is fallen, is fallen; and all the graven images of called the falchion, or a heavy and formidable weapon, her gods he hath broken unto the ground. (Isai. xxi. 6—9.) This very simple explanation removes many of the difficulties which commentators have noticed in this remarkable prophecy; it has been asked, "how could it be known, from the appearance of a chario and a couple of horsemen, that Babylon had fallen?" The answer is, that the Assyrians and Babylonians never employed horsemen in conjunction with chariots, and hence this circumstance showed that the approaching chariot belonged to a different nation. And this is further confirmed by the prophet's direct description of the Persian army; "Elam (Persia,) bare the quiver with chariots of men and horsemen," (Isaiah xx. 6); a description which is confirmed by Xenophon, who declares that the three great lessons taught to the Persian youth, were "to use the bow, to manage the horse, and to speak truth."

POLE-AXE.

Chariots were regarded as the most valuable part of an army's equipment in ancient times, and those of Egypt were particularly celebrated. The number with which Pharaoh pursued the Israelites is very remarkable, for six hundred are mentioned as "chosen chariots," that is, such as were used by kings, nobles, and eminent warriors, which must, of course, have been only a small proportion of “ all the chariots of Egypt." The Scriptural expression, that there were captains over every one of the chariots," seems to intimate that the use of these vehicles was restricted to warriors of high rank, and this is confirmed by the monuments, which do not exhibit soldiers of the lower castes mounted in chariots.

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It is generally believed that the use of warchariots was anterior to that of cavalry or mounted horsemen. Homer mentions chariots only in all his descriptions of the battles round the walls of Troy. It is indeed very probable, that the notion of employing cavalry arose from the custom of bringing spare horses, as relays for the steeds which were either wearied from drawing the chariots or wounded in battle. This opinion is greatly strengthened by the account given of the entrance of the Egyptians into the dry bed of the Red Sea.

The catastrophe of the Egyptian army is told in a few words by the sacred historian.

And the Lord said unto Moses, Stretch out thine hand over the sea, that the waters may come again upon the Egyptians, upon their chariots, and upon their horsemen. And Moses stretched forth his hand over the sea, and the sea returned to his strength when the morning appeared; and the Egyptians fled against it; and the Lord overthrew the Egyptians in the midst of the sea. And the waters returned, and covered the chariots, and the horsemen, and all the host of Pharaoh that came into the sea after them; there remained not so much as one of them. But the children of Israel walked upon dry land in the midst of the sea; and the waters were a wall unto them on their right day out of the hand of the Egyptians; and Israel saw the hand, and on their left. Thus the Lord saved Israel that Egyptians dead upon the sea shore. (Exodus xiv. 26—30.) It has been sneeringly asked by infidels," how it happens that no direct evidence of this great event has been discovered on the monuments?" We have already anticipated a great part of a satisfactory reply. The Pharaoh by whom the Israelites were persecuted and pursued, was a foreign intruder and conqueror, with whose fate the native Egyptians had no sympathy; and it may be added, that the monu ments of Lower Egypt, where the Israelites abode, The word rendered "horsemen" may, with more propriety, be translated charioteers, and the horses, have not yet been explored, all the antiquities yet developed by the researches of travellers having been which are mentioned distinct from the chariots, were probably the relays. Even so late as the days of found in Middle and Upper Egypt. But the monuAhab, we find that chariots were preferred to cavalry,mation of the overthrow of the intrusive Pharaoh, ments of Middle Egypt afford some indirect confirfor when Benhadad, king of Syria, was about to invade Israel, his servants advised him,

And the Egyptians pursued, and went in after them to the midst of the sea, even all Pharaoh's horses, his chariots, and his horsemen. (Exod. xiv. 23.)

Do this thing, Take the kings away, every man out of his place, and put captains in their rooms: And number thee an army, like the army that thou hast lost, horse for horse, and chariot for chariot: and we will fight against them in the plain, and surely we shall be stronger than they. And he hearkened unto their voice, and did so. (1. Kings xx. 24—28.)

The horses here mentioned are clearly designed for the service of the chariots, and not for mounted cavalry. From Isaiah indeed we learn, that the Medes and Persians were the first nation that employed cavalry in aid of the corps of chariots, for in the beautiful description of the destruction of Babylon, we find that the circumstance which proved that the Assyrians must have been overthrown, was that the watchman saw a couple of horsemen accompanying a chariot.

Thus hath the Lord said unto me, Go, set a watchman, let him declare what he seeth. And he saw a chariot with a couple of horsemen, a chariot of asses, and a chariot of camels; and he hearkened diligently with much heed: And he cried, A lion: My lord, I stand continually upon the watchtower in the daytime, and I am set in my ward whole nights: And, behold, here cometh a chariot of men, with a couple of horsemen. And he answered and said,

for they show us that the Hyksos, who had long tyrannized over the land, were, by some sudden event, reduced to such a state of weakness, that they were expelled with very little difficulty. Now such an event was most probably the sudden destruction of their best warriors in the Red Sea, which rendered them unable any longer to maintain their supremacy over the native Egyptians. And this view of the subject is confirmed by a remarkable direction given by Moses, in his recapitulation of the law, a little before his death, which took place many years after the Hyksos had been expelled from Egypt. He said to the congregation, "Thou shalt not abhor an Egyptian, because thou wast a stranger in his land." (Deut. xxiii. 7.) A very remarkable expression, which seems to draw a clear distinction between the native Egyptians and the intrusive conquerors by whom the Israelites were oppressed. Indeed we shall see in many subsequent examples, that so far from there being anything like an hereditary hatred between the Israelites and the Egyptians, the two nations evinced the most friendly dispositions towards each other, while an inveterate animosity existed between the Israelites and the Amalekites, who certainly belonged to the same race as the Hyksos.

ON THE DISPERSION OF SEEDS. THIS problem has been executed in six different ways at least, more or less simple. These are, the exaltation of the seeds of plants on elastic stems, so as to be exposed to the action of the winds; a power of floating through water till they meet a point of attachment; their transportation by animals to which their receptacles or investments have served as food; transportation by the coats of animals; a provision in the form of wings, through which the winds may act more effectually on them; and lastly, an elastic power in their receptacle, through which they are forcibly rejected by the parent plant.

The first contrivance is so general, and appears to be so necessary a portion of the structure of the plant, that its design for the end in question is seldom noticed. Yet he who examines the grasses will not doubt of the consequences produced by the exaltation and elasticity of the stem, though he should choose to doubt that the dispersion of seeds was at least one end in view. In the mosses this intention can scarcely be questioned, since no other purpose can be assigned to the delicate and elastic foot-stems by which the seed-vessels are elevated above the plant. In these the flower blows in the bosom of the leaves; and almost everywhere else, throughout the vegetable world, where the flower blows, there does the seed also ripen, and thence is it dispersed. Here it is not so: the seed-vessel becomes raised far beyond the place of the flower, through the subsequent growth of a singularly elastic stem, there to ripen its contents, and to be exposed to those forces which may disperse widely as the winds themselves, those seeds which, light as the breeze that bears them, are of such high importance in the great economy of vegetation.

If the floating of seeds through water is a conrivance which, like the action of the winds, appears too much akin to what we carelessly term accident, to deserve notice: yet thus chiefly are the naked coral rocks of the great Pacific Ocean clothed with vegetation, and rendered fit for the habitation of man. Are we entitled to give the name of accident to that cause, or combination of causes, by which so great an end is produced, even though metaphysics, and religion equally, did not show that there can be no accident to the Creator and Governor of all things? The buoyancy of a cocoa-nut, the resisting investments, and the vitality of seeds, were not necessities; but there can be no accident when the end in question is thus attained; and when, without it, all those previous and wonderful contrivances by which these islands are created in the ocean would have been useless, while we can even believe that the important cocoa-palm was created a maritime plant for this very purpose. As much is it accident, that the same fluid which produces fire and maintains the life of animals, is also the highway of a bird through the clouds, and the moving power of a ship across the ocean; but this question will be set at rest, by producing a distinct provision for securing the end proposed in the transportation of seeds through water. And this is found in the seeds of the submarine plants. These might have been carried any whither: but how were the seeds of the fuci to root themselves amid the waves ? The contrivance is equally simple and effectual. They are surrounded by a mucilage which water cannot dissolve, and which enables them to adhere to whatever solid body they touch.

its ship and its balloon: the tree is the inhabitant of rivers; and thus it is contrived that both the winds and the water shall convey its posterity, even to distant regions.

There is a rudeness of expedient, it may be said, and equally an appearance of accident, in ordering that the seeds of plants shall be dispersed through the coats and wanderings of animals. But neither was this undesigned, when the provisions for that end in the structure of the seeds in question are so remarkable, and often so accurately mechanical. All know the hooks on the bur, and those on the seeds of the adhesive galium and the geum, as all can equally see or infer the consequences: while the carrot, and others of the umbelliferous plants, afford further examples of an expedient, to which neither intention nor mechanical contrivance can be denied. If there is at first sight a similar appearance of accident in dispersing the seeds of plants through the digestive organs of animals, the intention is here also rendered evident, by a still more complicated system of contrivance.

The fruit is the food of the animal; but the seed is protected from the action of the digestive powers by its investments; as it is also empowered to defy the animal chemistry by its vitality, even appearing to be thus quickened for its peculiar destination. Nor let this mode of dispersing seeds be thought of small moment; since it is one of the roads through which the coral islands become clothed with that vegetation which has rendered them what they now are.

But the following contrivances are so obviously mechanical, that it is impossible to doubt the design, or to avoid admiring the beauty and ingenuity of the mechanisms. If, in the case of the winged seeds, aid is derived from the adventitious power of the winds, the variety of resource through which that is brought into action is well deserving of attention,

The lime and the ash offer instances of wings, of the simplest nature; and in the seeds of the fir tribe there is a similar contrivance, but of a more delicate structure. But the far greater number of these mechanisms are produced from down, various in disposition as in strength; and often presenting arrange ments of singular beauty and delicacy. There is no one of those structures more beautiful than that which occurs in the dandelion, Let him who can doubt that the most exquisite art designed and executed this most common, but not less wonderful piece of mechanism, examine a single star with its attached seed, the lengths of the stems, the mode of their divergences from the receptacle, and that accu racy in those divergences, which causes the edge of each star so to unite, that a continuous surface is the consequence, and neither interval nor irregularity exists. But that surface also forms a globe: while this must result, not merely from the distribution of the seeds, but from a mode of expansion in the recep tacle, on drying, which, if aught ever appears to be casual and uncertain, would seem to be under the guidance of chance alone. Nothing appears intended here, yet the end is ever gained: and far more remarkably still is it gained, when not one of these receptacles is globular, nor even of a spherical surface; and when, beyond all this, few are in any manner regular in their forms, while scarcely any two are rigidly alike. Yet the result is ever the same. Be the receptacle what it may, the downy surface is a globe while we can at least see that this was necesNor is this the only subsidiary contrivance to prove sary, since thus it is enabled to evade, till the seeds that the power of water is one of the agents which are ripe for dispersion, the winds which would otherthe Creator has intentionally adopted for the disper-wise have carried them prematurely off, and defeated

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sion of seeds. The down of the willow-seed is both the Creator's intention.

He who can look even at

TELESCOPE.

this common and despised object, and not see in it | INVENTION OF THE MICROSCOPE AND THE a power which baffles all calculation, added to the most consummate art, may cease to study the Creator's works, for creation can teach him nothing. Even he who rejects or disdains these higher thoughts, should cease to pride himself on his talents for observation and reflection, if he is not struck by the efficacy of this most artificial and beautiful structure, for the intended ends; seeing that the storm passes over it unfelt, till the hour of its ultimate destiny is

arrived.

The last provision of contrivances for dispersing the seeds of plants is founded on that most inexplicable property of matter, elasticity, so largely used throughout all creation and it is the most purely mechanical, since it depends upon no extraneous aid. Under this principle the seed-vessel, or some part connected with it, is provided with a latent spring, to be brought into action as soon as the seeds are fit for dispersion, and not before. It is either incomplete, or dormant, under a detent or check, like the spring of a gun-lock. This alone is an ample proof of design; because it is a train long laid, and implying foresight. And the action of the spring is prepared as gradually as the ripening of the seed, under an adaptation equally bespeaking the nicest care; while the detent, when present, is also formed in a special part of the seed-vessel, destined to give way when its services are no longer wanted, or would be prejudicial.

In the Cardamine impatiens, and hirsuta, the valves of the pod are detained at the point, and they discharge the seeds with great force, by curling back when disengaged. In the Geraniums, the long beak of the seed forms the spring, and the detent is at the seed-vessel, which is also contrived to be but half a

capsule, that its contents may escape. In the Broom, the crackling of which in a hot day is familiar, each valve recoils in a spiral direction when the detent yields, as is the case with many of this tribe : and in some of the familiar ferns it is also the recoiling elasticity of a spring, under different modes, which produces the desired effect.

The peculiarity of circumstances under which a similar invention in the Mesembryanthemums acts, adds much to our impression of the wisdom and foresight that have been exerted on this subject. In all the preceding instances, it is through the drying of the parts that the springs are brought into action: but had this been the case with that plant of the desert, the seeds would have fallen on an arid sand,

and have failed. It is therefore commanded that the springs which have been constructed in the calyx, should close in dry weather, and open on the occurrence of moisture. Thus also is it with the rose of Jericho (Anastatica), where the seed-vessel is rolled along the sands by the winds, until, meeting with a moist spot, it opens and parts with its seeds in that only place amid the parched plain where provision has been made for their vegetation. Can anything have been neglected, where calculations so minute as this exist? And can this be aught but the result of thought and design, as of universal knowledge and perfect foresight?

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These are contrivances for a great and valuable end, which we can especially appreciate, because we can compare them with our own designs and as well might the inventor of the catapult and the cross-bow doubt his own ingenuity and intentions as those of the Creator.

[Abridged from MACCULLOCHS Proofs and Illustrations of the Attributes of God.]

Ir has been well observed that about the same time when the invention of the telescope showed us that there might be myriads of other worlds claiming the Creator's care, the invention of the microscope proved to us that there were in our own world myriads of creatures, before unknown, which this care was preserving. While one discovery seemed to remove the Divine Providence further from us, the other gave us our neighbourhood than we had supposed: while the most striking examples that it was far more active in first extended the boundaries of God's known kingdom, the second made its known administration more minute and careful.

solids and in fluids, animals existed hitherto unsusIt appeared that in the leaf and in the bud, in pected: the apparently dead masses and blank spaces of the world were found to swarm with life. And yet, of the animals thus revealed, all, though unknown to us before, had never been forgotten by Providence. Their structure, their vessels and limbs, their adaptation to their situation, their food and habitations, were regulated in as beautiful and complete a manner as those of the largest and apparently most favoured animals. The smallest insects are as exactly finished, often as gaily ornamented, as the most graceful beasts, or the birds of brightest plumage. And when we seem to go out of the domain of the complex animal structure with which we are familiar, and come to animals of apparently more scanty faculties, and less developed powers of enjoyment and action, we still find that their faculties and their senses are in exact harmony with their situation and circumstances; that the wants which they possess called into action. they have are provided for, and the powers which So that Müller, the patient and accurate observer of the smallest and most obscure microscopical animalcula, declares that all classes alike, those which have manifest organs, and those which have not, offer a vast quantity of new and striking views of the animal economy, every step of our discoveries leading us to admire the dethat the Divine Providence is, in fact, capable of exsign and care of the Creator. We find, therefore, tending itself adequately to an immense succession of tribes of beings, surpassing what we can image or could previously have anticipated; and thus we may feel secure, so far as analogy can secure us, that the from the government and superintendence of the mere multitude of created objects cannot remove us

Creator.- WHEWELL.

PHOSPHORIC LIGHT EMITTED BY FLOWERS.

In the garden of the Duke of Buckingham, at Stowe, on
the evening of Friday, September 4th, 1835, during a
storm of thunder and lightning, accompanied by heavy
rain, the leaves of the flower called Enothera macrocarpa,
the windows of the manuscript library at Stowe, were ob-
a bed of which is in the garden, immediately opposite
served to be brilliantly illuminated by phosphoric light.
During the intervals of the flashes of lightning, the night
was exceedingly dark, and nothing else could be distin-
guished in the gloom except the bright light upon the leaves
The luminous appearance continued
of these flowers.
uninterruptedly for a considerable length of time: it did
not appear to resemble any electric effect; and the opinion
which seemed most probable was, that the plant, like many
known instances, has a power of absorbing light, and giving
it out under peculiar circumstances.-Magazine of Populai

Science.

How difficult a thing it is to persuade a man to reason against his own interest, though he is convinced that equity is against him.-TRUSLER.

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