water shells, show that during this period dry land also existed. The chalk containing marine remains exclusively, and those in a perfect state of preservation, seems to have been deposited under a deep and tranquil sea. The tertiary strata contain indications of a state of things resembling the present. The earth was now fitted for the residence of the more perfect terrestrial quadrupeds. The marine and fresh-water remains mingled with those of terrestrial beings, show, however, that deluges occurred during this period. And finally, the surface of the earth everywhere bears the marks of some mighty flood which has swept over it, overwhelmed its inhabitants, and buried them beneath its ruins. The temperature of the earth was at that time much higher than it now is. The climate of even the polar regions was a tropical climate. This supposition accounts for the occurrence of tropical fruits, tropical vegetables, and animals, in countries where now the living species are unknown. At the time of the catastrophe which overwhelmed the polar regions, the change of temperature occurred. The elephants, on a sudden buried in the waters, were, as these waters congealed, encased in the solid ice, and have come down to us as messengers to report the ruin of a former world. Such are very briefly the principal theories which have been adopted to explain the phenomena of organic remains. The weight of authority is vastly in favour of the latter. The supporters of both claim for them a perfect consistency with the sacred history. It is not my province to discuss their merits. I state them merely to show one thing. Geologists, however they may differ in other respects, agree in admitting the existence of the sea, at some former period, upon the dry land. Some affirm that there has been but one deluge, and others that there have been many. In either case, the sacred history is confirmed. If the history of a deluge were written no where but in the pages of divine inspiration, they being admitted to be such, it would be useless to seek for external proof. But the claims of the sacred history of the deluge to divine inspiration have been assailed, since it has been asserted, it relates events highly improbable, if not impossible. The assertion might be met by referring to the omnipotence of Jehovali. He who established the laws of nature is not limited by those laws. Miraculous agency might be introduced for the accomplishment of any objects to which they were inadequate. When, however, we turn to the earth, the necessity for such an argument ceases. We find there a physical history of dilu vial action, written in characters which it is difficult to misunderstand. The mind feels rebuked for any unbelief which it may have entertained, and learns the salutary lesson, that Nature and Revelation correspond; that Philosophy and Revealed Religion, when they come upon common ground, go hand in hand. VALUABLE SCHOOL-BOOKS PUBLISHED BY KEY & BIDDLE. PINNOCK'S ENGLAND. THIRD AMERICAN, FROM THE TWENTY-THIRD LONDON EDITION. PINNOCK'S IMPROVED EDITION OF DR. GOLDSMITH'S HISTORY OF ENGLAND, from the Invasion of Julius Cæsar to the death of George II., with a continuation to the year 1832: with Questions for examination at the end of each section; besides a variety of valuable information added throughout the work, consisting of Tables of Contemporary Sovereigns and Eminent Persons, copious Explanatory Notes, Remarks on the Politics, Manners, and Literature of the Age, and an Outline of the Constitution. Illustrated with Thirty Engravings on Wood. Third American, corrected and revised from the Twenty-third English Edition. RECOMMENDATIONS. MESSRS. KEY & BIDDLE, Philadelphia, Oct. 20, 1834. Gentlemen-Be pleased to accept my thanks for the favour you have done me in sending a copy of your neat and attractive edition of Pinnock's Goldsmith's England. It appears to me to have been sedulously prepared for the purpose which it professes to subserve-that of a convenient manual for schools and academies. By the questions and tabular views at the ends of the several chapters, the scholar will be able to test his own acquisitions, and to embrace at a glance an important collection of facts, in regard to the history and biography of the period of which he has been reading. These land-marks for the memory serve to raise a host of reminiscences, all interesting to the diligent and inquiring student.-With my wishes for the success of the work, accept the assurances of the high respect with which I sub scribe myself, Your obedient servant, WALTER R. JOHNSON, Professor of Mechanics and Natural Philosophy in the Franklin Institute. 1 From S. JONES, A. M. Principal of the Classical and Mathematical Institute, Philadelphia. I have attentively examined Pinnock's improved edition of Dr Goldsmith's History of England, published by Messrs. Key & Biddle, of this city, and am impressed with its excellence. I have no hesitation in expressing my full approbation of the work, with my belief that it will receive a liberal patronage from an enlightened community. 11th Mo: 1834. I consider Pinnock's edition of Goldsmith's History of England as the best edition of that work which has yet been published for the use of schools. The tables of contemporary sovereigns and eminent persons, at the end of each chapter, afford the means of many useful remarks and comparisons with the history of other nations. With these views, I cheerfully recommend it as a book well adapted to school purposes. JOHN M. KEAGY. Friends' Academy, Philadelphia. We fully concur in the opinion as expressed above. SETH SMITH, J. H. BLACK, CHAS. MEAD, BENJ. MAYO, WM. A. GARRIGUES, M. SOULE, REV. CHAS. HENRY ALDEN, SAML. CLENDENIN. J. O'CONOR, Sec'y to the Phila. REV. SAML. W. CRAWFORD, REV. S. M. GAYLEY, Wil- M. L. HURLBUT, mington, Del. E. FOUSE, JOSEPH R. EASTBURN, Baltimore, Dec. 1834. We fully concur in the opinion above SAML. JONES, O. W. TREADWELL, E. R. HARNEY, JOHN FINLEY A. M. R. W. CUSHMAN, New York, Dec. 1834. We fully concur in the opinion above expressed. W. R. ADDINGTON, THOMAS GILDERSLIEVE, BERNARD THORNTON, MELANCTHON HOYT, SHEPPARD JOHNSTON, THOMAS V. FOWLER, HORACE COVELL, P. PERRINE, J. B. KIDDER, SOLOMON JENNER, JOSEPH M'KEEN, C. CARTER, LEONARD HAZELTINE, J. BAILE, SAMUEL GARDNER, J. TAFT, JOSIAH J. UNDERHILL, JOSEPH CHAMBERLAIN, N. DUNN, HENRY SWORDS. J. M. ELY, W. M. SOMERVILLE, NORTON THAYER, R. TOBITT, SAMUEL BROWN, ADN. HEGEMAN, Gentlemen-I have looked (but without effect, till now) for a reading. book combining at once interest, chasteness of diction, and valuable histo rical information, placed in so enticing a form as to induce the student to read it for itself and the facts it contains. My long experience has taught me, that, without interest, the pupil will not trouble himself to understand; and without understanding, 'tis in vain to teach, either for improvement in the science of reading or for information. Happily, teachers have in Pin nock's Goldsmith's History of England numerous requisites unknown to the best of its predecessors. L. BICKNELL. Philadelphia, Nov. 1834. We fully concur in the above. MESSRS. KEY & BIDDLE, Yours, WM. ROBERTS, B. N. LEWIS. November 21, 1834. Gentlemen-1 have been much pleased by the perusal of "Pinnock's im proved edition of Dr. Goldsmith's History of England." I think it fully entitled to the appellation, improved, and should rejoice to see it placed in the hands of all our American youth. That you, gentlemen, may meet with that encouragement which efforts to supply the wants of our schools merit, is the desire of Yours, &c. J. H. BROWN, Principal of the English and Mathematical Academy, No. 52 Cherry-street, Philad. Review of "Pinnock's Goldsmith's England," made at the request, and for the use of the Lyceum of Teachers of the city of Philadelphia, by J. H. Brown, Principal of Classical Academy, 52 Cherry-street. PINNOCK'S IMPROVED EDITION OF DR. GOLDSMITH'S HISTORY OF ENGLAND, illustrated by thirty Engravings on wood. The first American, corrected and revised from the 23d English edition. pp. 453. Philad. Key & Biddle, 1834. THERE is no history, except our own, which is of so much interest to ug as that of England; and probably no history of England, designed for the use of schools, has been so popular as that of Dr. Goldsmith. And ye Teachers have long felt the want of some work that should remedy many defects which are found in it. Mr. Pinnock has continued the history to the year 1832, with the addition of "questions for examination," at the end of each section; the latter, I am aware, will be received by some teachers as of doubtful utility; yet the judicious teacher, by viewing the questions merely as hints to himself, will so vary them, as to avoid the too common error of neglecting the section for the question. A more important addition is the tables of contemporary sovereigns and eminent persons, with |