LECTURE II.

1. Introductory observations.

2. Extinction of animals. 3. Animals

extirpated by human agency. 4. The apteryx australis. 5. The dodo.

6. The Irish elk. 7. Epoch of terrestrial mammalia. 8. Character

of the ancient alluvial deposits. 9. Classification of mammalian re-

mains. 10. Comparative anatomy. 11. Adaptation of structure in

animals. 12. Osteological characters of the carnivora. 13. Structure

of the herbivora. 14. Structure of the rodentia, or gnawers. 15.

General inferences. 16. Fossil bones. 17. Fossil elephants, or mam-

moths. 18. Mammoth and rhinoceros in ice. 19. Teeth of recent,

and fossil elephants. 20. The mastodon. 21. Mastodons from the

Burmese empire. 22. The sivatherium. 23. The megatherium. 24.

The megalonyx. 25. The sloth. 26. Fossil hippopotamus, rhinoceros,

horse, &c. 27. The dinotherium. 28. Fossil carnivora in caverns.

29. Cave of Gaylenreuth. 30. Forster's Höhle. 31. Bone caverns in

England.-Kirkdale cave. 32. Diseased bones of carnivora found

in caves. 33. Human bones, and works of art in caverns. 34. Osseous

breccia, or bone conglomerates. 35. The rock of Gibraltar. 36. Osseous

breccia of Australia. 37. Retrospect....

P. 113

LECTURE III.

1. Introductory remarks. 2. Substances composing the crust of the

globe. 3. Crystallization. 4. Stratification. 5. Inclined and vertical

strata. 6. Veins and faults. 7. Chronological arrangement of the

strata. 8. Tertiary formations. 9. Classification of the tertiary strata.

10. Fossil shells. 11. Mineralogical characters of the tertiary system.

12. Newer tertiary or pliocene deposits. 13. Crag of Norfolk and

Suffolk. 14. The Sub-Apennines. 15. Middle tertiary, or miocene

deposits. 16. Lower tertiary, or eocene deposits. 17. The Paris basin.

18. The London basin. 19. The Isle of Sheppey. 20. Fossil fruits of

the tertiary strata. 21. Upper marine, or Bagshot sand. 22. Artesian

wells. 23. The Hampshire or Isle of Wight basin. 24. Alum bay.

25. London clay of the Hampshire basin. 26. Fresh-water strata of the

Isle of Wight. 27. Organic remains of the Paris, London, and Hants

basins. 28. Fossil plants and zoophytes. 29. Tertiary marine and

fresh-water shells. 30. Nummulites, and other cephalopoda. 31. Crus-

tacea and fishes. 32. Fossil birds. 33. Fossil animals of Paris. 34.

Palæotheria and anoplotheria. 35. Fossil quadrumana, or monkeys.

36. Tertiary strata of Aix, in Provence. 37. Fossil insects. 38. Lacus-

trine formation of Eningen. 39. Fossil fishes of Monte Bolca. 40.

Tertiary volcanoes of France. 41. Extinct volcanoes of Auvergne.

49.

42. The crater of Puy de Come. 43. Mont Dor. 44. Fresh-water lime-

stone and organic remains of Auvergne. 45. Summary of the geological

phenomena of Auvergne. 46. Erosion of valleys by water-currents.

47. Extinct volcanoes of the Rhine. 48. Brown coal formation.

Other tertiary strata of Europe, North America, &c. 50. Altered ter-

tiary strata of the Andes. 51. Tertiary saliferous deposit. 52. Retro-

spect. 53. Concluding remarks..................................................................................................... p. 184

LECTURE IV.

1. Introductory remarks. 2. Secondary formations. 3. The chalk for-

mation. 4. Chalk and flint. 5. Flint nodules. 6. Organic remains

in flint. 7. Sulphuret of iron. 8. Maestricht beds. 9. St. Peter's

mountain. 10. Mosasaurus of Maestricht. 11. Lower group of the

chalk. 12. Organic remains of the chalk. 13. Fossil vegetables.

14. Fossil zoophytes. 15. Radiaria and crinoidea. 16. Echinites.

17. Shells of the chalk. 18. Cephalopoda. 19. The belemnite. 20.

The nautilus. 21. The ammonite, or cornu ammonis. 22. Turrilite,

hamite, &c. 23. Spirolinites. 24. Infusoria in flint. 25. Crustacea

of the chalk. 26. Fishes of the chalk-sharks. 27. Fossil salmon,

or smelt. 28. Macropoma, and other fishes of the chalk. 29. Reptiles

of the chalk. 30. Review of the chalk formation. 31. Geology of the

south-east of England. 32. Geological phenomena between London

and Brighton. 33. The wealden. 34. Wealden of the Sussex coast.

35. Pounceford. 36. Sub-division, and extent of the wealden. 37.

Quarries of Tilgate forest. 38. Rippled sandstone. 39. Wealden of

the Isle of Wight. 40. Isle of Purbeck. 41. Petrified forest of the

Isle of Portland. 42. Modern submerged forest. 43. Fossils of the

wealden. 44. Fossil vegetables-ferns. 45. Clathraria and endo-

genites. 46. Seed-vessels. 47. Fossil shells. 48. Sussex marble.

49. Fossil cypris. 50. Fishes. 51. Reptiles of Tilgate forest. 52.

Fossil turtles. 53. Fossil crocodiles. 54. The Swanage crocodile.

55. The plesiosaurus. 56. The megalosaurus. 57. The iguanodon.

58. The Maidstone iguanodon. 59. Size of the iguanodon. 60. The

hylæosaurus. 61. Flying reptiles. 62. Fossil birds. 63. The country

of the iguanodon. 64. Sequence of geological changes.

spect of geological mutations

APPENDIX.

65. Retro-

p. 287

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

VOL. II.

lias.

LECTURE V.

1. The zoological character of the chalk. 2. Zoological character of the

wealden. 3. Site of the country of the iguanodon. 4. Medial secon-

dary formations. 5. The oolite, or Jura limestone. 6. Tabular view

of the oolite and lias. 7. Geographical distribution of the oolite and

8. Stonesfield slate. 9. Organic remains of the Stonesfield

slate. 10. Fossil opossum of Stonesfield. 11. Wealden and Stones-

field fossils. 12. Lithographic slates of Pappenheim, Solenhofen,

and Monheim. 13. Coal of the oolite. 14. Geographical distribution

of the lias. 15. Organic remains of the oolite and lias. 16. State of

fossilization. 17. Saliferous, or new red sandstone system. 18. Tabular

view of the saliferous system. 19. Geographical distribution of the

saliferous strata. 20. Cheltenham waters. 21. Rock-salt and brine-

springs. 22. Magnesian limestone, or zechstein. 23. Conglomerates

of the new red sandstone. 24. Organic remains of the saliferous

strata. 25. The spiriferæ of the new red sandstone. 26. Impressions

of the feet of animals on sandstone. 27. Reptiles. 28. Turtles.

29. Fossil turtles. 30. Crocodiles. 31. The ichthyosaurus. 32. The

plesiosaurus. 33. Pterodactyles, or flying reptiles. 34. Fossil sala-

mander. 35. Fossil reptiles allied to the lizards. 36. Review of the

Age of reptiles. 37. Objections considered. 38. Concluding re-

marks

p. 429

LECTURE VI.

1. Introductory remarks. 2. Organic and inorganic kingdoms. 3. Dis-

tinctive characters of animals and vegetables. 4. Nervous system,

and sensation. 5. Diversity of animal forms. 6. Ellis's discoveries.

7. Nature of sponge. 8. Cilia, or vibratile organs. 9. The hydra, or

fresh-water polype. 10. Zoophytal organization. 11. The food of

zoophytes. 12. Mode of increase and death. 13. Corals, or skeletons

of zoophytes. 14. Diversity of form and structure. 15. Geographical

distribution of the polyparia. 16. The flustra, or sea-mat.

17. The

vesicular corallines, or sertulariæ.

18. The gorgonia, or sea-fan.

19. The red coral. 20. The tubipora, or organ-pipe coral. 21. Ma-

drepores. 22. The actinia, or sea-anemone. 23. Caryophyllia and

turbinolia. 24. Fungia. 25. Astrea, pavonia, &c. 26. Meandrina

cerebriformis, or brain-coral. 27. Appearance of the living corals.

28. Coral reefs. 29. Coral reef of Loo Choo. 30. Coral islands. 31.

Fossil zoophytes. 32. Zoophytes of the chalk. 33. Zoophytes of the
Shanklin sand. 34. Recent formation of chalk from corals. 35. Fossil
infusoria. 36. Corals of the oolite and lias. 37. Corals of the older
secondary formations. 38. Coralline marbles. 39. The crinoidea, or
lily-shaped animals. 40. Encrinites and Pentacrinites. 41. Struc-
ture of the crinoidea. 42. The lily encrinite. 43. Pear encrinite of
Bradford. 44. Pentacrinites, actinocrinites, and other crinoidea. 45.
Derbyshire encrinital marble. 46. Geological distribution of the cri-
noidea. 47. Concluding remarks

LECTURE VII.

1. Introductory remarks. 2. The carboniferous system. 3. The coal

measures. 4. Coal-field of Derbyshire. 5. Coalbrook dale. 6. Coal-

shales, and vegetable remains. 7. Carboniferous, or mountain lime-

stone.

20.

8. Derbyshire lead mines. 9. Carboniferous system of

Devonshire. 10. The Devonian system, or old red sandstone. 11.

Geographical distribution of the carboniferous system. 12. Volcanic

rocks of the carboniferous system. 13. Trap-dikes of the carboni-

ferous system. 14. Organic remains of the carboniferous system.

15. Organization of vegetables. 16. Coniferous trees. 17. Climate

and seasons, indicated by fossil wood. 18. Vertical trees in carboni-

ferous strata. 19. Trunks of coniferæ in Craigleith quarry.

Microscopic examination of fossil trees. 21. Nature of coal. 22.

Mineral oil, naphtha, and petroleum. 23. Bitumen, amber, and

mellite. 24. The diamond. 25. Anthracite, cannel coal, and plum-

bago, or graphite.

trifactions. 28. Different states of the fossilization of wood.

Hazel-nuts filled with spar. 30. Silicification, or petrifaction by silex.

31. Plants in agates, &c. 32. Plants of the coal formation. 33. Fossil

mare's-tail, or equisetum. 34. Fossil ferns. 35. Sigillariæ, or fossil

arborescent ferns. 36. Lepidodendron. 37. Fossil club-moss, or

lycopodites. 38. Stigmaria. 39. Seed-vessels in coal. 40. Coniferæ.

41. Review of the carboniferous flora. 42. Formation of new coal-

measures. 43. Corals and crinoidea of the carboniferous system.

44. Shells of the carboniferous system. 45. Crustacea. 46. The

limulus, or king-crab. 47. Trilobites. 48. The eyes of the trilobite.

49. Insects of the coal formation. 50. Fishes of the carboniferous

26. Nature of petrifaction. 27. Artificial pe-

29.

and Devonian systems. 51. Retrospect-the flora of the ancient

world

............. p. 595.

LECTURE VIII.

1. Introductory remarks. 2. Silurian and Cambrian systems. 3. Silurian

system. 4. Cambrian, or slate system. 5. Structure of slate rocks.

6. Organic remains of the Silurian and Cambrian systems. 7. Meta-

morphic character of slate and greywacké. 8. Metamorphic or pri-

mary rocks. 9. Mica-schist and gneiss. 10. Unstratified metamorphic

rocks-granite. 11. Volcanic agency. 12. Vesuvius: 13. Eruptions

of Vesuvius. 14. Volcanic products of Vesuvius. 15. Mount Etna.

16. Phlegrean fields, and the Lipari isles. 17. Volcano of Kirauea-

Hawaii. 18. Stewart's visit to Kirauea. 19. Earthquakes. 20. Vol-

canic island in the Mediterranean. 21. Volcano of Jorullo, in Mexico.

22. Organic remains buried beneath lava. 23. Ice preserved by in-

candescent lava. 24. Herculaneum and Pompeii. 25. Professor

Silliman on geological evidence. 26. Basalt or trap. 27. Staffa-

Fingal's cave. 28. The Giants' Causeway. 29. Rocks altered by con-

tact with basalt. 30. Trap dikes and veins. 31. Strata altered by

contact with metamorphic rocks. 32. Granite veins. 33. Metamorphic

rocks. 34. Metalliferous veins. 35. Copper ore of New Brunswick.

36. The sapphire, ruby, and emerald. 37. Review of the Silurian

and Cambrian systems. 38. Review of the metamorphic rocks.

Organic remains (?) in the metamorphic rocks. 40. Relative age of

mountains. 41. Successive changes in the organic kingdoms. 42.

Successive development of the organic kingdoms. 43. Geological

effects of mechanical and chemical action. 44. Rocks composed of

organic remains. 45. General inferences. 46. Final causes. 47.

Geological theory of Leibnitz. 48. Astronomical relations of the solar
system. 49. Concluding remarks
................. p. 692

39.

APPENDIX.