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CONTENTS.
CHAPTER I.
Extent of Sindh. Title Whence derived. Two principal
-
Divisions.- Delta and Southern Division. -Sehwun.-Nar-
rah River. — Lake Munchur.-Upper or Northern Division.
Climate and Seasons.. Great Heat. Diseases. Rain
unusual. Hot Winds.
Climate
- Cold of Upper Sindh.
of Karrachi. Advantageous Situation of Sindh relatively to
the Sea. Changeable Character of River.-Peculiar Geogra-
phical Features of Sindh. -Absence of Roads. Natives
journeying by River
CHAPTER II.
Page 1
Inhospitable Appearance of the Country -Capable of Improve-
ment.-Coast of Sindh.-Harbour of Karrachi.—Principal
Towns.-Karrachi.—Crocola.—Tattah.—Vikkur.— Hyder-
abad. Mírpúr. Omarkót. Sehwun.
Larkhana.
Shikarpúr. Tundas.
General Description of Sindhian Towns.-Bazaars. — Routes
communicating with Sindh
21
CHAPTER III.
Classification of the Inhabitants of Sindh.
Jutts and cultivating Tribes. - Bilúchi military Class.
Feudatories.Obedience to Chiefs.. -Costume.-Women.-
Arms. Character. Music and Nautch Women.
or Holy Men. Probable Jewish Origin of Bilúchis.-Passion
for Field Sports.- Expense of preserving Game. - Names of
Bilúch Tribes in Sindh.-Míani Fishermen and Boatmen on
the Indus
39
CHAPTER IV.
Affghans settled in Sindh. Persians. Various military Ad-
venturers. - Hindús. · Lohanas and Bhatias
--
employed
as Revenue Servants.. Disregard of Caste and Religion.
Dispersion over Countries to the North-west In Sindh
principally located at Karrachi and Shikarpúr. - Costumes
and Manners.—Integrity in Cash Transactions. - Amount of
Population in Sindh Difficulty of estimating - Impover-
Character ascribed to Sindhians.
ished Condition of.
Foreigners. Smoking universal. — Summary of Character.
Influencing Circumstances.
Page 61
Prosperity under Hindú Rule.—Soil of Sindh.-Geology.
Dust and Ventilators to Houses-Irrigation-Methods of.
Canals and Water-courses.
Clearing Canals. System
of Husbandry.-Tools employed.-Preservation of Grain. -
Seasons for Crops.-Grain Productions. Wheat. — Juwari.
- Other dry Grains.- Oil Plants.- Products of commercial
Importance. Cotton. -Indigo.-Opium. - Sugar-cane. -
Hemp.
- General
Drugs and Dyes. — Wool. -
Results
Manufactures. Ingenuity of Sindhians.
Shields, &c. Looms of Sindh. — Lúnghí.
- Luxu-
Dates.
Vegetables.
Arms, Belts,
Silk Fabrics.
-Caps. Pottery. Embroidery. Leather. Dried
Fish. Animals of Sindh. Camel. Camel Saddle.
Riding Camel. — Horses. - Yabús. - Buffaloes.
River Indus. - Productive Value. - Fickle Character of Stream.
Obliteration of Ancient Geographical Features. Former
Eastern Course of River. — Inundation - Causes of. -Na-
tural Phenomena of Indus. Importance and Difficulties of
Navigation. Steam Boats. Present Steamers ill adapted.
- Description required.— Native Methods of navigating the
River. Description of Dúndi. - Zoruck. - Craft too weak
for the Stream. - Jumptis of the Amirs
racter of
Picturesque Cha-
Page 114
CHAPTER VIII.
Length of Voyages by Native Craft.
Southerly Winds.
Experimental Steam Trip up the Narrah. - Voyage during
Northerly Winds. — Impracticability of Native Method of
Navigation. Fuel for Steamers. Features of River.
Delta. Tattah and Hyderabad.—Arrul and Narrah Branches.
-Appreciation of River by Natives. - Water as a Beverage.
-Seaports.-Karrachi.—Sea-boats. -Ports in Delta, Higher
Indus, and its Tributaries
CHAPTER IX.
130
Interest attached to Ancient History of Sindh. - Alexander's
Expedition. Absence of local Records or Monuments.
Hindú Government. Cause of Mahommedan Invasion.
Invasion. Cruel End of Arab General. Omiade and
Abbaside Dynasties. Súmrahs. Súmahs. Urghúns.
Tirkhans. Akbar Padúsha conquers Sindh - Annexed per-
manently to Mogul Empire. Viceroys from Hindostan. —
Date of Accession of Kaloras. General Review. Ancient
Former Prosperity of Sindh
Cities.
Kalora and Talpúr Dynasties. - First Settlement of Kaloras in
Sindh. Adam Shah's Sanctity. - Kaloras obtain Territory.
-Punished by the Emperor for Contumacy. - Núr Maho-
med obtains Authority. — Nadir Shah invades Sindh, and
mulcts Núr Mahomed. Ghúlam Shah and Uttur Khan
dispute Succession. Ghúlam Shah prevails. First Esta-
blishment of British Factory. — Uttur Khan intrigues. Is
defeated, and submits. Accession of Sirafraz Khan His
cruelty to Talpúrs.-Revolution.—-Ubdul Nubí murders Bijar
Khan Talpúr- and flees to Kilat
164
CHAPTER XI.
Ubdúlla Khan Talpúr raises the Standard of Sovereignty.
Ubdúl Nubi Kalora invades Sindh, assisted by Kilat Chief.
Kaloras defeated. — Ubdúl Nubi supported by Joudpúr
Rajah — Again defeated— Proceeds to Affghan Monarch—
Obtains Assistance.-Talpúr Chief seeks Refuge at Omarkót.
- Kaloras reinstated. Chief commits Outrage and is de-
throned. Mir Futteh Allí Khan Talpúr placed on the Musnud.
-Kaloras again make head, assisted by the Affghan King-
Again defeated. Zemán Shah demands Arrears of Tribute.
- Futteh Allí Khan defends his Pretensions to the Throne of
Sindh. Civil War averted. Talpúr Chief shares the
Country with his three Brothers. Title of Char Yar or
Four Friends. Character of Talpúr Chiefs. History and
Form of Government of Talpúrs.—Ismael Shah and Persian
Family. Summary of Sindh History, from Mahommedan
to British Conquest
Page 181
CHAPTER XII.
Sindh Durbars.-Description of Hyderabad.-Fort and Town.
Visit to Amirs. Rude Welcome.
Etiquette observed
De-
Hospitality. General Effect of Sindh Durbar.
scription of Amirs. Nasir Khan. Mir Mahomed, or
Sobhdar Shahdad Khan. - Hussein Allí Khan. - Dissen-
sions and apparent Anomaly of Form of Government.
Real Stability. Source of Family Discords. Shír Ma-
homed of Mirpúr. — Khyrpúr Durbar. Town and Fort.-
Mir Rústum Age and Infirmities of. — Family Discords.
Allí Múrad. Character of his Court.- Interior Economy
of Household of Sindhian Amirs. Females. Education
of Princes. - Love of Arms. Horses. Passion for Sport.
-Scenes at Shikargahs. Costume of Amirs.
of Time. Religious Observances. - Vanity of Talpúrs.-
List of Amirs of Hyderabad and Khyrpúr.-General Review
of Characters. - Fair Conclusions to be drawn.
Chiefs
CHAPTER XIII.
Sindhian Form of Government.- Feudal System and Jahgirs
to Military Tribes. — Payment of Troops in the Field.
Inams and Jahgirs to Pirs, Seyuds, and others. - Land
Revenue System of Sindh. Zamindars. - Jumma or Land
Rent. Value of Means of Irrigation neglected. — Duties on
Trade. -Town Duties. Taxes under various Heads.
Farming Revenue on Contracts. — Kardars and Servants of
Districts. Number and Names of Districts. Police
Administration of Justice. Dislike of Amirs to capital
Punishments. Mutilation. Amount of Sindhian Revenue.
Various Estimates. Hoarded Wealth of Amirs.
General Review of Government of Sindh
Page 231
CHAPTER XIV.
Exertions of British
Importance attached to Sindhian Trade.
Government. Apathy of Chiefs. Poverty of Sindh as
applied to Trade. - Real State and Prospects of Trade, home
and provincial. Internal Trade. Commerce with Coun-
tries to the N. W.-Importance of Shikarpúr. - Exports to
Candahar. No other Trade of any Extent.
- Pali Jey-
sulmir. Tattah Manufactures exported. Commerce how
Indus. Steam Navigation. Hindú
Central Asia not to be abandoned com-
mercially. Effects of Steam Navigation. Time, Risk, and
Expense saved. Bilúchistan and Kilat.
Upper Indus how at present supplied.
effected. General Review. Weights and Measures of
Sindh Value of Currency
CHAPTER XV.
260
First Connection of British with Sindh. Immunities granted
by Ghúllam Shah Kalora. · Connection dissolved. -Com-
mercial Mission, 1799.- Expulsion of British Agent. - Mr.
Smith's Mission of 1809.- Treaty of 1820. · Force of Ob-
servation assembled in 1825. - - Mission to Sindh under Col.
Pottinger, 1832- Satisfactory Result. Commercial Treaty