rited, and I can not but suspect that his situation helps to make him so.

fever, which has often proved fatal, and almost always leaves the sufferer debilitated to the last degree, you find yourself so soon restored to health, I shall be obliged to you for Hawkesworth's and your strength recovered. Your health and Voyages when it can be sent conveniently. The strength are useful to others, and in that view im- long evenings are beginning, and nothing shortportant in his account who dispenses both, and ens them so effectually as reading aloud.

by your means a more precious gift than either. For my own part, though I have not been laid up, I have never been perfectly well since you left us. A smart fever, which lasted indeed but a few hours, succeeded by lassitude and want of spirits, that seemed still to indicate a feverish habit, has made for some time, and still makes me very unfit for my favourite occupations, writing and reading - so that even a letter, and even a letter to you, is not without its burthen.

Yours, my dear friend, W. C.

WE are sorry that you and your household partake so largely of the ill effects of this unhealthy season. You are happy however in having hitherto escaped the epidemic fever, which has preJohn - has had the epidemic, and has it vailed much in this part of the kingdom, and carstill, but grows better. When he was first seized ried many off. Your mother and I are well. Afwith it, he gave notice that he should die, but in this ter more than a fortnight's indisposition, which only instance of prophetic exertion he seems to slight appellation is quite adequate to the descriphave been mistaken; he has however been very tion of all I suffered, I am at length restored by near it. I should have told you, that poor John has a grain or two of emetic tartar. It is a tax I been very ready to depart, and much comforted generally pay in autumn. By this time, I hope, through his whole illness. He, you know, though a purer ether than we have seen for months, and a silent, has been a very steady professor. He indeed fights battles, and gains victories, but makes no noise. Europe is not astonished at his feats, foreign academies do not seek him for a member; he will never discover the art of flying, or send a globe of taffeta up to heaven. But he will go thither himself.

Since you went we dined with Mr.

I

these brighter suns than the summer had to boast, have cheered your spirits, and made your existence more comfortable. We are rational. But we are animal too, and therefore subject to the influences of the weather. The cattle in the fields show evident symptoms of lassitude and disgust in an unpleasant season; and we, their lords and masters, are constrained to sympathize with them: the only had sent him notice of our visit a week before, difference between us is, that they know not the which like a contemplative, studious man, as he is, cause of their dejection, and we do, but for our ne put in his pocket and forgot. When we arrived, humiliation, are equally at a loss to cure it. Upthe parlour windows were shut, and the house had on this account I have sometimes wished myself a the appearance of being uninhabited. After wait-philosopher. How happy, in comparison with ing some time, however, the maid opened the door, myself, does the sagacious investigator of nature and the master presented himself. It is hardly seem, whose fancy is ever employed in the invenworth while to observe so repeatedly that his gar- tion of hypotheses, and his reason in the support den seems a spot contrived only for the growth of of them! While he is accounting for the origin melancholy, but being always affected by it in the of the winds, he has no leisure to attend to their same way, I can not help it. He showed me a influence upon himself-and while he considers nook, in which he had placed a bench, and where what the sun is made of, forgets that he has not he said he found it very refreshing to smoke his shone for a month. One project indeed supplants pipe and meditate. Here he sits, with his back another. The vortices of Descartes gave way to against one brick wall, and his nose against ano- the gravitation of Newton, and this again is ther, which must you know be very refreshing, and threatened by the electrical fluid of a modern. One greatly assist meditation. He rejoices the more generation blows bubbles, and the next breaks in this niche, because it is an acquisition made at them. But in the mean time your philosopher is some expense, and with no small labour; several a happy man. He escapes a thousand inquietudes loads of earth were removed in order to make it, to which the indolent are subject, and finds his which loads of earth, had I the management of occupation, whether it be the pursuit of a butterthem, I should carry thither again, and fill up a fly, or a demonstration, the wholesomest exercise in place more fit in appearance to be a repository for the world. As he proceeds he applauds himself. the dead than the living. I would on no account His discoveries, though eventfully perhaps they put any man out of conceit with his innocent en- prove but dreams, are to him realities. The world joyments, and therefore never tell him my thoughts gaze at him, as he does at new phenomena in the upon this subject, but he is not seldom low spi- heavens, and perhaps understands him as little.

But this does not prevent their praises, nor at all disturb him in the enjoyment of that self-complacence, to which his imaginary success entitles him. He wears his honours while he lives, and if another strips them off when he has been dead a century, it is no great matter; he can then make shift without them.

I have said a great deal upon this subject, and know not what it all amounts to. I did not intend a syllable of it when I began. But currente calamo, I stumbled upon it. My end is to amuse myself and you. The former of these two points is secured. I shall be happy if I do not miss the latter.

IT is indeed a melancholy consideration, that the Gospel, whose direct tendency is to promote the happiness of mankind in the present life as well as the life to come, and which so effectually answers the design of its author, whenever it is well understood and sincerely believed, should, through the ignorance, the bigotry, the superstition of its professors, and the ambition of popes, and princes, the tools of popes, have produced incidentally so much mischief; only furnishing the world with a plausible excuse to worry each other, while they sanctified the worse cause with the specious pretext of zeal for the furtherance of the best.

By the way, what is your opinion of these airballoons? I am quite charmed with the discovery. Is it not possible (do you suppose) to convey such a quantity of inflammable air in the stomach and abdomen, that the philosopher, no longer gravita- Angels descend from Heaven to publish peace ting to a centre, shall ascend by his own compara- between man and his Maker-the Prince of Peace tive levity, and never stop till he has reached the himself comes to confirm and establish it, and medium exactly in equilibrio with himself? May war, hatred, and desolation are the consequence. he not by the help of a pasteboard rudder, at- Thousands quarrel about the interpretation of a tached to his posteriors, steer himself in that purer book which none of them understand. He that is element with ease, and again by a slow and grad-slain dies firmly persuaded that the crown of marual discharge of his aerial contents, recover his tyrdom expects him; and he that slew him is former tendency to the earth, and descend without equally convinced that he has done God service. the smallest danger or inconvenience? These In reality they are both mistaken, and equally unthings are worth inquiry; and (I dare say) they entitled to the honour they arrogate to themwill be inquired after as they deserve: The penna, selves. If a multitude of blind men should set out non homini datæ are likely to be less regretted for a certain city, and dispute about the right than they were; and perhaps a flight of academi-road till a battle ensued between them, the probacians and a covey of fine ladies may be no uncom- ble effect would be that none of them would ever mon spectacle in the next generation. A letter reach it; and such a fray, preposterous and shockwhich appeared in the public prints last week ing in the extreme, would exhibit a picture in convinces me that the learned are not without some degree resembling the original of which we hopes of some such improvement upon this dis- have been speaking. And why is not the world covery. The author is a sensible and ingenious thus occupied at present? even because they have man, and under a reasonable apprehension that exchanged a zeal, that was no better than madthe ignorant may feel themselves inclined to laugh ness, for an indifference equally pitiable and abupon a subject that affects himself with the utmost surd. The holy sepulchre has lost its importance seriousness, with much good manners and man- in the eyes of nations called Christians, not beagement bespeaks their patience, suggesting ma- cause the light of true wisdom has delivered them ny good consequences that may result from a from a superstitious attachment to the spot, but course of experiments upon this machine, and because he that was buried in it is no longer reamongst others, that it may be of use in ascertain-garded by them as the Saviour of the world. The ing the shape of continents and islands, and the exercise of reason, enlightened by philosophy, has face of wide-extended and far distant countries; cured them indeed of the misery of an abused unan end not to be hoped for, unless by these means derstanding, but together with the delusion they of extraordinary elevation the human prospect have lost the substance, and for the sake of the lies may be immensely enlarged, and the philosopher, that were grafted upor it have quarreled with the exalted to the skies, attain a view of the whole truth itself. Here then we see the ne plus ultrà of hemisphere at once. But whether he is to ascend human wisdom, at last in affairs of religion. It by the mere inflation of his person, as hinted enlightens the mind with respect to nonessentials above, or whether in a sort of bandbox, supported upon balloons, is not yet apparent, nor (I suppose) even in his own idea perfectly decided.

Yours, my dear William, W. C.

but with respect to that in which the essence of Christianity consists, leaves it perfectly in the dark. It can discover many errors that in different ages have disgraced the faith; but it is only

to make way for the admission of one more fatal | native land, and sent to cultivate a distant one, than them all, which represents that faith itself without the means of doing it; abandoned, too, as a delusion. Why those evils have been per- through a deplorable necessity, by the governmitted shall be known hereafter. One thing in ment to which they have sacrificed all; they exthe mean time is certain, that the folly and frenzy hibit a spectacle of distress, which one can not of the professed disciples of the Gospel have been view even at this distance without participating in more dangerous to its interests, than all the avow- what they feel. Why could not some of our useed hostilities of its adversaries; and perhaps for less wastes and forests have been allotted to their this cause these mischiefs might be suffered to support? To have built them houses indeed, and prevail for a season, that its divine original and to have furnished them with implements of husnature might be the more illustrated, when it bandry, would have put us to no small expense; should appear that it was able to stand its ground but I suppose the increase of population, and the for ages against that most formidable of all at-improvement of the soil, would soon have been tacks, the indiscretion of its friends. The out- felt as a national advantage, and have indemnified rages that have followed this perversion of the the state, if not enriched it. We are bountiful to truth have proved indeed a stumbling-block to in- foreigners, and neglect those of our own housedividuals; the wise of this world, with all their hold. I remember that compassionating the misewisdom, have not been able to distinguish be- ries of the Portuguese, at the time of the Lisbon tween the blessing and the abuse of it. Voltaire earthquake, we sent them a ship load of tools to was offended, and Gibbon has turned his back; clear away the rubbish with, and to assist them but the flock of Christ is still nourished, and still increases, notwithstanding the unbelief of a philosopher is able to convert bread into a stone, and a fish into a serpent.

in rebuilding the city. I remember too, it was reported at the time, that the court of Portugal accepted our wheelbarrows and spades with a very ill grace, and treated our bounty with conI am much obliged to you for the voyages, tempt. An act like this in behalf of our brethren, which I received, and began to read last night. carried only a little further, might possibly have My imagination is so captivated upon these occa- redeemed them from ruin, have resulted in emosions, that I seem to partake with the navigators lument to ourselves, have been received with joy, in all the dangers they encountered. I lose my and repaid with gratitude. Such are my specuanchor; my mainsail is rent into shreds; I kill a lations upon the subject, who not being a politishark, and by signs converse with a Patagonian, cian by profession, and very seldom giving my and all this without moving from the fireside. attention for a moment to such a matter, may not The principal fruits of these circuits, that have be aware of difficulties and objections, which they been made around the globe, seem likely to be the of the cabinet can discern with half an eye. Peramusement of those that staid at home. Discove-haps to have taken under our protection a race ries have been made, but such discoveries as will of men proscribed by the Congress might be hardly satisfy the expense of such undertakings. thought dangerous to the interests we hope to We brought away an Indian, and having de- have hereafter in their high and mighty regards bauched him, we sent him home again to commu- and affections. It is ever the way of those who nicate the infection to his country-fine sport, to rule the earth, to leave out of their reckoning Him be sure, but such as will not defray the cost. Na- who rules the universe. They forget that the tions that live upon bread-fruit, and have no poor have a friend more powerful to avenge, than mines to make them worthy of our acquaintance, they can be to oppress, and that treachery and will be but little visited for the future. So much perfidy must therefore prove bad policy in the the better for them! their poverty is indeed their end. The Americans themselves appear to me mercy. to be in a situation little less pitiable than that of the deserted Loyalists. Their fears of arbitrary imposition were certainly well founded. A struggle therefore might be necessary, in order to prevent it, and this end might surely have been answered without a renunciation of dependence. October, 1783. But the passions of a whole people, once put in I AM much obliged to you for your American motion, are not soon quieted. Contest begets anecdotes, and feel the obligation perhaps more aversion, a little success inspires more ambitious sensibly, the labour of transcribing being in parti- hopes, and thus a slight quarrel terminates at last cular that to which I myself have the greatest in a breach never to be healed, and perhaps in the aversion. The Loyalists are much to be pitied; ruin of both parties. It does not seem likely that driven from all the comforts that depend upon and a country so distinguished by the Creator with are intimately connected with a residence in their every thing that can make it desirable, should be

Yours, my dear friend,

W. C.

TO THE REV. JOHN NEWTON.

MY DEAR FRIEND,

given up to desolation for ever; and they may the case at present. If prose comes readily, I shall possibly have reason on their side, who suppose transcribe them on another sheet, otherwise, on this. that in time it will have the pre-eminence over all You will understand, before you have read many others; but the day of such prosperity seems far of them, that they are not for the press. I lay distant-Omnipotence indeed can hasten it, and you under no other injunctions. The unkind beit may dawn when it is least expected. But we haviour of our acquaintance, though it is possible govern ourselves in all our reasonings by present that in some instances it may not much affect our appearances. Persons at least no better informed happiness, nor engage many of our thoughts, will than myself are constrained to do so. sometimes obtrude itself upon us with a degree of I intended to have taken another subject when importunity not easily resisted; and then perhaps, I began, and I wish I had. No man living is though almost insensible of it before, we feel more less qualified to settle nations than I am; but than the occasion will justify. In such a moment when I write to you, I talk, that is, I write as it was that I conceived this poem, and gave loose fast as my pen can run, and on this occasion it to a degree of resentment, which perhaps I ought ran away with me. I acknowledge myself in not to have indulged, but which in a cooler hour your debt for your last favour, but can not pay you I can not altogether condemn. My former intinow, unless you will accept as payment, what I macy with the two characters was such, that I know you value more than all I can say beside, could not but feel myself provoked by the neglect the most unfeigned assurances of my affection for with which they both treated me on a late occa ▸ou and yours. sion. So much by way of preface.

Yours, &c.

TO JOSEPH HILL, ESQ.

W. C.

Oct. 20, 1783.

I SHOULD not have been thus long silent, had I known with certainty where a letter of mine might find you. Your summer excursions however are now at an end, and addressing a line to you in the centre of the busy scene in which you spend your winter, I am pretty sure of my mark.

You ought not to have supposed that if you had visited us last summer, the pleasure of the interview would have been all your own. By such an imagination you wrong both yourself and us. Do you suppose we do not love you? You can not suspect your mother of coldness; and as to me, assure yourself I have no friend in the world with whom I communicate without the least reserve, yourself excepted. Take heart then, and when you find a favourable opportunity to come, assure yourself of such a welcome from us both as you have a right to look for. But I have observed in I see the winter approaching without much con- your two last letters somewhat of a dejection and cern, though a passionate lover of fine weather melancholy, that I am afraid you do not sufficientand the pleasant scenes of summer; but the long ly strive against. I suspect you of being too sedenevenings have their comforts too, and there is tary. "You can not walk." Why you can not hardly to be found upon the earth, I suppose, so is best known to yourself. I am sure your legs snug a creature as an Englishman by his fireside are long enough, and your person does not overload in the winter. I mean however an Englishman them. But I beseech you ride, and ride often. I that lives in the country, for in London it is not think I have heard you say, you can not even do very easy to avoid intrusion. I have two ladies that without an object. Is not health an object? to read to, sometimes more, but never less-at pre- Is not a new prospect, which in most countries is sent we are circumnavigating the globe, and I find gained at the end of every mile, an object? Asthe old story with which I amused myself some sure yourself that easy chairs are no friends to years since, through the great felicity of a memory cheerfulness, and that a long winter spent by the not very retentive, almost new. I am however fireside is a prelude to an unhealthy spring. Every sadly at a loss for Cook's voyage, can you send it? I shall be glad of Foster's too. These together will make the winter pass merrily, and you will much oblige me W.C.

TO THE REV. WILLIAM UNWIN. MY DEAR WILLIAM, Nov. 10, 1783. I HAVE lost and wasted almost all my writing time, in making an alteration in the verses I either enclose or subjoin, for I know not which will bel

thing I see in the fields is to me an object, and I can look at the same rivulet, or at a handsome tree, every day of my life, with new pleasure. This indeed is partly the effect of a natural taste for rural beauty, and partly the effect of habit; for I never in all my life have let slip the opportunity of breathing fresh air, and of conversing with nature, when I could fairly catch it. I earnestly recommend a cultivation of the same taste to you, suspecting that you have neglected it, and suffer for doing so.

*Verses from a poem entitled Valediction. Vide Prem

Last Saturday se'nnight, the moment I had|cessary, no longer convenient, or in any respect composed myself in my bed, your mother too hav- an object. They think of me as of the man in the ing just got into hers, we were alarmed by a cry moon, and whether I have a lantern, or a dog and of fire on the staircase. I immediately arose, and fagot, or whether I have neither of those desirable saw sheets of flame above the roof of Mr. Palmer's accommodations, is to them a matter of perfect house, our opposite neighbour. The mischief indifference: upon that point we are agreed, our however was not so near to him as it seemed to indifference is mutual, and were I to publish again, be, having begun at a butcher's yard, at a little which is not impossible, I should give them a distance. We made all haste down stairs, and proof of it.

soon threw open the street door, for the reception L'Estrange's Josephus has lately furnished us of as much lumber, of all sorts, as our house would with evening lectures. But the historian is so hold, brought into it by several who thought it tediously circumstantial, and the translator so innecessary to move their furniture. In two hours' supportably coarse and vulgar, that we are all time we had so much that we could hold no more, three weary of him. How would Tacitus have even the uninhabited part of our building being shone upon such a subject, great master as he was filled. Not that we ourselves were entirely secure of the art of description, concise without obscurity, an adjoining thatch, on which fell showers of and affecting without being poetical. But so it was sparks, being rather a dangerous neighbour. Pro- ordered, and for wise reasons, no doubt, that the videntially however the night was perfectly calm, greatest calamities any people ever suffered, and and we escaped. By four in the morning it was an accomplishment of one of the most signal proextinguished, having consumed many out-build-phecies in the Scripture, should be recorded by ings, but no dwelling-house. Your mother suffered one of the worst writers. The man was a tema little in her health, from the fatigue and bustle porizer too, and courted the favour of his Roman of the night, but soon recovered. As for me, it masters at the expense of his own creed, or else hurt me not. The slightest wind would have an infidel and absolutely disbelieved it. You will carried the fire to the very extremity of the town, think me very difficult to please; I quarrel with there being multitudes of thatched buildings and Josephus for the want of elegance, and with some fagot-piles so near to each other, that they must of our modern historians for having too much. have proved infallible conductors.

The balloons prosper; I congratulate you upon it. Thanks to Montgolfier, we shall fly at last. Yours, my dear friend, W. C.

doubt admired by the readers of their own day; and with respect to the authors of the present era, the most popular among them appear to me equally censurable on the same account. Swift and Addison were simple.

With him for running right forward like a gazette, without stopping to make a single observation by the way; and with them, for pretending to delineate characters that existed two thousand years ago, and to discover the motives by which they were influenced, with the same precision as if they had been their contemporaries.-Simplicity TO THE REV. WILLIAM UNWIN. is become a very rare quality in a writer. In the MY DEAR WILLIAM, Nov. 24, 1783. decline of great kingdoms, and where refinement AN evening unexpectedly retired, and which in all the arts is carried to an excess, I suppose it your mother and I spend without company (an is always rare. The latter Roman writers are occurrence far from frequent,) affords me a fa- remarkable for false ornament, they were yet no vourable opportunity to write by to-morrow's post, which else I could not have found. You are very good to consider my literary necessities with so much attention, and I feel proportionably grateful. Blair's Lectures (though I suppose they must make a part of my private studies, not being ad captum fœminarum) will be perfectly welcome. You say you felt my verses; I assure you that in this you follow my example, for I felt them first. A man's lordship is nothing to me, any further than in connexion with qualities that entitle him to my respect. If he thinks himself privileged by it to treat me with neglect, I am his humble ser- MY DEAR FRIEND, vant, and shall never be at a loss to render him an It is hard upon us striplings who have uncles equivalent. I will not however belie my know- still living (N. B. I myself have an uncle still ledge of mankind so much, as to seem surprised alive) that those venerable gentlemen should stand at a treatment which I had abundant reason to in our way, even when the ladies are in question; expect To these men with whom I was once that I, for instance, should find in one page of Intimate, and for many years, I am no longer ne- your letter a hope that Miss Shuttleworth would

Your mother wants room for a postscript, so my lecture must conclude abruptly.

Yours, W. C.

TO THE REV. WILLIAM UNWIN.