Grammont's Memoirs); the "Duke of York's Regiment" consisted of seven hundred and twenty men, commanded by Sir Charles Lyttelton, (another of De Grammont's heroes);"The Third Regiment" consisted of six hundred men, commanded by Jir Walter Vane; and the "Fourth Regiment" of nine hundred and sixty, commanded by the Earl of Craven. These were the four Foot regimens. The "Regiment of Horse" was commanded by Aubrey de Vere, Earl of Oxford, (another of De Grammont's heroes, from whom the "Oxford Blues," now the Life (i. e. Lieb or body) Guards, derives its name.) A portrait of Lord Oxford in armour adorns the mess-room of the regiment. The King's Troop of Horse" commanded by the Duke of Monmouth; the "Queen's Troop" by Sir Philip Howard, son of the Earl of Berkshire; and the "Duke of York's" by the Marquis of Blanquefort, afterwards Earl of Feversham.

66

The clock in the turret of the building has long been been a standard time-keeper for the western parts of the metropolis, as St. Paul's and the Royal Exchange clocks are for the city. Leaving the Horse Guards, and crossing the road, we shall proceed to notice

WHITEHALL.

The palace of the Kings of England from Henry VIII. to William III., of which nothing remains but Inigo Jones's Banqueting House, James II's statue, and the memory of what was once the Privy Garden, in a row of houses, so styled, looking upon the Thames. It was originally called York House; was delivered and demised to the King by Charter Feb. 7th, (21st of Henry VIII.) upon the disgrace of Cardinal Wolsey, Archbishop of York. and was then first called Whitehall. It occupied a large space of ground, having one front towards the Thames, and another of a humbler character towards St. James's Park; Scotland Yard was the boundary one way, and Cannon row, Westminster, the boundary on the other. There was a public thoroughfare through the Palace from Charing Cross to Westminster, crossed by two gates, one known as Whitehall Gate, the other as the King Street Gate. This arrangement was long an eyesore, and Henry VIII. offended with the number of funerals which passed before his palace on their way from Charing Cross to the Churchyard of St. Margaret's, Westminster, erected a new cemetery on the other side of Whitehall, in the parish of St. Martin's-in-the-Fields. Henry VIII's Whitehall was a building in the Tudor or Hampton Court style of architecture, with a succession of galleries and courts, a large Hall, a Chapel, Tennis Court, Cockpit, Orchard, and Banqueting House. James I. intended to rebuild the whole Palace, and Inigo Jones designed a new Whitehall for that King, worthy of our nation and his own great name. But nothing was built beyond the Banqueting House. Charles I. contemplated a similar reconstruction, but poverty at first prevented him, and the Civil War soon after was a more effectual prohibition. Charles II. preserved what money he could spare from his pleasures to build a palace at Winchester. James II. was too busy with other matters to attend to architecture, and in William III's reign the whole of Whitehall-Inigo Jones's Banqueting Room excepted-was destroyed by fire. William talked of rebuilding it after Inigo's designs, and a model by Mr. Weedon was laid before him. Nothing, however, was done. Anne, his successor, took up her abode in St. James's Palace, and Vanbrugh built a house at Whitehall out of the ruins the house is ridiculed by Swift. The first fire was owing to the negligence of a maid-servant, who, about 8 at night, to save the labour of cutting a candle from a pound, burnt it off and carelessly threw the rest aside before the flame was out. This occurred on the 9th of April, 1691. But the great fire which finally destroyed Whitehall, broke out on Tuesday, Jan. 4th, 1697-8 about four in the afternoon, through the neglect of a Dutch woman who had left some linen to dry before the fire in Colonel Stanley's lodgings. The fire lasted seventeen hours,

The tide at times rose so high at Whitehall that it flooded the kitchen. Pepys illustrates this by a curious story of the Countess of Castlemaine, when the King was to sup with her soon after the birth of her son, the Duke of Grafton. The cook came and told the imperious countess that the water had flooded the kitchen, and the chine of beef for the supper could not be roasted. "Zounds!" was her reply, "she must set the house on fire, but it should be roasted." So it was carried, adds Pepys, to Mrs. Sarah's husband's and there roasted. A still more curious picture of the water rising at Whitehall is contained in a speech of Charles II.'s to the House of Commons, entitled, "His Majesty's gracious speech to the Honourable House of Commons in the Banqueting House at Whitehall, March 1, 1661-2. “The mention of my wife's arrival," says the King, "puts me in mind to desire you to put that compliment upon her, that her entrance into the town may be with more decency than the ways will now suffer it to be; and for that purpose I pray you will quickly pass such laws as are before you, in order to the amending those ways, and that she may not find Whitehall surrounded with water." The engraving which preserves Whitehall to us in all its parts is the ground plan of the Palace, made in the reign of Charles II., and engraved by Vertue, and dated 1680. In filling up the plan preserved by Virtue, Pepys considerably assists us with some of his minute allusions. He refers more than once to the following places ;-Henry VIII.'s Gallery, the Boarded Gallery, the Matted Gallery, the Shield Gallery, the Stone Gallery, and the Vane Room. Lilly, the Astrologer, mentions the Guard Room. The Adam and Eve Gallery was so called from a picture by Mabuse, now at Hampton Court. In the Matted Gallery was a ceiling by Holbein; and on a wall in the Privy Chamber a painting of Henry VII. and Henry VIII., with their Queens, by the same artist, of which a copy in small is preserved at Hampton Court. On another wall was a Dance of Death, also of Holbein, of which Douce has given a description; and in the bed-chamber of Charles II., a representation by Wright of the King's birth, his right to his dominions, and his miraculous preservation, with the motto, Terras Astræa revisit. As a curious illustration of the punishment generally inflicted for striking in the King's Court, we may mention that the Earl of Devonshire was fined in 1687 in the sum of £30,000 for striking one Mr. Culpeper with his cane in the Vane Chamber, at Whitehall.

The old Banqueting House was burnt down on Tuesday, the 12th of January, 1618-19, and the present Banqueting House, designed by Inigo Jones, commenced June 1st, 1619. and finished March 31st, 1622. It appears that the "Charges for building a Banqueting House at Whitehall, and erecting a new Pier in the Isle of Portland, for conveyance of stone from thence to Whitehall" amounted to £15,653 3s. 5d. The expense of the Pier was £712 19s. 2d., and of the Banqueting House £14,940 4s. 1d. The account, it deserves to be mentioned, was not finally settled till the 29th of June, 1633, eleven years after the completion of the building, and eight after the death of king James; a delay confirmatory of the unwillingness of the father and son to bring the works at Whitehall to a final settlement.

King Charles I. was executed on a scaffold erected in front of the Banqueting House, towards the Park. The warrant directs that he should be executed "in the open street before Whitehall. Lord Leicester tells us in his Journal, that he was "beheaded at Whitehall-Gate." Dugdale, in his diary, that he was beheaded at the gate of Whitehall; and a single sheet of the time preserved in the British Museum, that "the King was beheaded at Whitehall-gate." There cannot, therefore, be a doubt that the scaffold was erected in front of the building facing the present Horse Guards. We now come to the next point which has excited some discussion. It appears from Herbert's minute account of the King's last moments, "that the King was led all along the galleries and Banqueting House, and there was a passage broken through the wall, by which the King passed unto the scaffold."