Clement Lady, Faithful Virgin," he cried, while the faithful who knelt around responded: Ora Pro Nobis." And so Her Litany grew till the Church approved of it as one of her authorized devotions. And here we have short considerations and devout colloquies on these same titles, suitable for our Mother's Month of May, as well as other times, to renew our devotion towards the Mother of God.

GOOD FRIDAY TO EASTER SUNDAY. By Rev. Robert Kane, S.J. New York: Longmans, Green & Co. 90 cents net.

Dedicated to those who mourn, these Sermons on the Seven Words on the Cross, and the Dolors of Mary, uplift the heart of the suffering and sorrowful to their great refuge and comfort. As they realize the things that Christ and His Mother suffered, their hearts will re-echo our Lord's own words: "Ought not Christ to have suffered these things and so to enter into His glory," and strength and courage will flow into their lacerated souls. The volume is suitable for spiritual reading during the last weeks of Lent, both for those who weep on their own account and for those who would fain bear Christ company during these sorrowful days.

THE MANTILLA. By Richard Aumerle. St. Louis: B. Herder. 80 cents.

A story of the Cuban Revolution, in which a young American hero manifests a large capacity for getting into trouble, and an almost phenomenal luck for getting out. After a foolish college boy's prank, visited with an ill-considered and hasty expulsion, he joins a squad of strike-breakers bound for Havana, where he meets the half-Irish, half-Spanish heroine, and aids her in rescuing her father from the consequences of his participation in the plots of the insurrectos. There are loose ends in the story, the English is journalistic and careless, while some constructions are odd, as: "Too, he had escaped," and "Too, she had expected." The hero is most natural in the Midnight Mass scene, where he shows himself to be, first of all, a simple earnest Catholic intent on fulfilling his duty as such.

THE old school has not yet surrendered entirely to the new.

We

have with us to-day occasional samples of the old type of the melodramatic and sentimental novel, and for it much may be said. It holds our interest steadily, adheres to the conventional ideas

of morality and justice, which are undoubtedly those of true philosophy, and remains after all a better example of the story-teller's art than its more pretentious third cousins, the problem or the character novels. Of this type is Corinne of Corrall's Bluff, by Marion Miller Knowles. (Melbourne: Wm. P. Linehan. 2 S. 6 d.) The scene is laid for the most part in Australia, and the plot that of the good old-fashioned love-story, with the pleasure of an unexpected ending. The author, who, by the way, is a Catholic, has succeeded in retaining all the merits with but few of the faults of sentimental fiction.

WE take pleasure in calling the attention of school directors and

teachers to the series of eight volumes entitled Standard Catholic Readers by Grades. The work is edited by Mary E. Doyle, and published by The American Book Company. It covers the entire eight years. The books are intelligently graded, and the selections made with judgment and taste. The volumes are well printed, and beautifully illustrated.

ONE

NE of the most useful of the new office books published since the revised order of the divine office became obligatory upon clerics, is the Diurnale Parvum, published by Fr. Pustet & Co. The volume may be used for Lauds and all the Hours on almost all the days of the year. It is accurately composed; of small size; fairly large type, and excellently printed and bound. The price is $1.25.

FOREIGN PUBLICATIONS.

Les Entravées, by Noel Frances (Paris: Bloud et Cie). A charming story which brings out clearly the Catholic principles involved in the feminist movement. Due emphasis is laid upon the debt of womankind to the teachings of the Gospel.

Mon Filleul au Jardin d'Enfants-Comment Il s'éleve, by Felix Klein. (Paris: Librairie Armand Colin. 3 frs. 50.) In his second volume on kindergarten work, the Abbé Klein tells us of the principles of education which are being applied in the best French schools. He treats in detail of the training of the imagination, the educative value of story-telling and the games the children play; the nature of internal discipline; the use of rewards and punishments; the limits of authority; the fostering of self-activity, etc. A final chapter calls upon all mothers to acquaint themselves with the results of the best kindergarten training, so that the old-fashioned prejudice against them will soon disappear. There is nothing in this treatise that we did not know before, but it is written in so charming a style that we were well rewarded for reading every word. We noticed a few misprints, pp. x, 42, and 198.

La Vocation Ecclésiastique, by Abbé Henri Le Camus. (Paris: Pierre Tequi. Ifr.) This little brochure is written to urge priests to do their utmost to foster priestly vocations in, France. The various chapters treat of the nature and evidences of vocation; the method of developing vocations; the duties of a seminarian in summer time, etc. The appendices contain a brief account of the famous controversy waged by the Abbé Lahitton on the nature of priestly vocation, and the regulations issued lately by the Holy See for the seminaries of Italy.

Les Blasés, by Marcel Rogniat. (Paris: Eugene Figuière et Cit. 3 frs. 50.) This novel is a picture of modern degeneracy which only a Frenchman of Zola's school could write. No American publisher would dare translate it.

Commentarii in Psalmos, auctore Josepho Knabenbauer, S.J. (Paris: P. Lethielleux. 10 frs.) Father Knabenbauer, who died last November, was one of the most generous contributors to the Cursus Sacræ Scripturæ, which the German Jesuits have been publishing the past thirty years. He wrote on the Major and Minor Prophets, Job, Proverbs, Ecclesiasticus, and Machabees. His last work, a commentary of the Psalms, has been published since his death, Father Hagen, S.J., seeing it through the press. It does not deal with introductory questions as a rule, most of his readers having in their hands The Special Introduction to the Old Testament, the well-known work of his confrère, Father Cornely. He does, however, discuss the value of the titles of many of the Psalms, and the nature of the metrical system used by the Jews. The style of the book is most labored and obscure, although one is ready to pardon this in a book which shows so great a grasp of ancient and modern commentators. Now that the Psalter is given its rightful place in the daily office, the study of the Psalms becomes all the more imperative.

Hors de l'Eglise pas de Salut, by J. V. Bainvel. (Paris: G. Beauchesne. ofr. 75.) This is a scholarly little brochure by the Abbé Bainvel on the axiom "Outside the Church no Salvation." The learned professor of the Catholic Institute of Paris discusses in turn the various explanations given by Catholic theologians of this dogma. He rejects as inadequate and false the theories based on the distinction drawn between the body and soul of the Church, the visible and invisible Church, and the necessity of means and precept. He declares: "One must indeed belong to the Church in order to be saved; it is not necessary, however, to belong to it in fact, re, but one may belong to it in desire, voto. Such a one believes all the truths he knows, and wishes sincerely to know God's will and to fulfill it. He, therefore, implicitly desires to belong to the body of the Church, and would do so at once if he were aware of her claims. God alone sees the heart, and can alone judge whether the man outside the Church's fold possesses that combination of faith and charity which suffices for salvation.

Initiatives Féminines, by Max Turmann. (Paris: Librairie Lecoffre. 3 frs. 50.) In this volume Max Turmann, the well-known professor of the University of Fribourg, gives us a complete and accurate account of the origin and development of the feminist movement, particularly in France. He distinguishes carefully revolutionary and anti-Christian feminism from the political, economic, and legal demands which Christian women are everywhere insisting upon. Most of the book, which has now reached a fifth edition, deals with the activities of Catholic women in France, Germany, Belgium, and Switzerland. He describes the schools of household management, the coöperative societies, the purchasers' leagues, the founding of working-girls' homes, restaurants, nurseries, and dispensaries, the international society against the white slave traffic, etc. This book deserves an English translation.

Vers la Vie pleine, by Adrienne Goutay. (Paris: Pierre Téqui. 3 frs. 50.) This book consists entirely of extracts from the works of the Abbé Gratry. The chief volumes uoted are his Commentary on the Gospel of St. Matthew, Souvenirs of My Youth, The Knowledge of God, and The Philosophy of the Credo. The author has compiled a most excellent book of spiritual reading, although we are confident it will appeal only to an élite few.

Nord-Sud, by René Bazin. (Paris: Calmann-Levy.) The travelogues of René Bazin are always a delight. Those of us who have read his sketches of Italy, Spain, Sicily, and France will read with pleasure this account of his late visits to the United States, Canada, England, and Norway. He gives us brief sketches of New York and Washington; of Montreal, Quebec, and the homes of some of the wealthy habitants; of life on a large English estate; of Corsican devotion in Holy Week, and of the rugged scenery of the Norway coast. He is always kindly in his appreciations, always the artist in his descriptions, whether of land or sea or mountain, always Catholic to the core.

Les Sept Sacraments de l'Eglise, by A. D. Sertillanges. (Paris: P. Lethielleux. I fr.) The well-known professor of the Catholic Institute of Paris has written a popular little volume on the Sacraments. Its aim is to show how the supernatural life is given us by our Savior's institution, and to answer in a brief way the common objections of the day. We are glad to see that some of the best scholars in France to-day are devoting themselves to the writing of popular manuals for the people.

Le Mystère de la Très Sainte Trinité, by Edouard Hugon, O.P. (Paris: Pierre Tequi. 3 frs. 50.) This is a complete treatise on the Blessed Trinity. The author discusses in turn the proofs from Scripture, the teaching of the Church, the various heresies, and the province of the reason in the study of the mysteries of Christianity. We know of no better volume on the subject in the vernacular.

Pages d'Art Chretien, by Abel Fabre. Three volumes, with two hundred and nine illustrations. In these three volumes, M. Fabre gives us a brief sketch of Christian art from the days of the catacombs. Volume I. treats of Christian iconography, viz., the images of Christ, the Crucifix, the Madonnas, the Magi; Volume II. of religious painting, viz., from Giotto to Raphael, Fra Angelico, the Madonnas of Raphael, Michelangelo and the Sistine Chapel, the legend of St. Ursula by Memling and Carpaccio; Volume III. of Gothic Architecture, viz., Notre Dame of Paris, St. Peter's of Rome, Neo-Gothic, Southern Gothic, etc.

L'Unité de l'Eglise et le Schisme Grec, by M. l'Abbé Joseph Bousquet. (Paris: G. Beauchesne. 4 frs.) The late Vice-Rector of the Catholic Institute of Paris delivered these lectures during the winter of 1912. In them he traces the origins of the Greek schism, and shows how it was effected through the ambition of the patriarchs of Constantinople, the constant interference of the Eastern emperors in matters of faith, and the bitter hatred of East and West fostered by the French alliance with the Papacy, and the crimes of the ambitious crusaders. The book is remarkable for its kindly tone, and its absolute fairness. He discusses the possibility of reunion, and though by no means ignoring the difficulties in the way, is hopeful for the future.

Foreign Periodicals.

Where Are We in Pentateuchal Criticism? By Rev. Hugh Pope, O.P. The decision of the Biblical Commission in 1907 on the Mosaic authorship of the Pentateuch, did not define the Mosaic authorship, but merely decided that the contrary was not proven. It allowed the claim that Moses may have used documents, and that there may be in the Pentateuch portions posterior to Moses. But what does "higher criticism" do? It attempts, upon the basis of the different names applied to the Deity, to distinguish the different documents in the Pentateuch, and to date them. It must depend for this on "lower" or textual criticism. or textual criticism. But "higher' critics argue solely from the Massoretic Hebrew text, of which the oldest existing manuscript dates from only the tenth century.

This text is the result of a revision or series of revisions based upon principles of which we are ignorant, and the Septuagint manuscripts prove the existence in the two centuries before Christ of a Hebrew text current in Egypt very different from the present one. The same situation obtained when St. Jerome made his careful translation from the Hebrew at the close of the fourth century of our era. How do we know but that the Hebrew scribes from the Restoration downwards did not "edit" the text of the Law, as the Massoretes of the Christian era "edited" the text to suit their own purposes? We know that they "edited " the Psalter. At any rate, valid higher criticism cannot neglect the Septuagint and the Vulgate. -The Irish Theological Quarterly, October.

A Great French Bishop. By F. Delerne. Monsignor Dupont des Loges, Bishop of Metz from 1843 to 1886, was, with Cardinals Pie, Guibert, and Lavigerie, Monsignor Dupanloup and Monsignor Freppel, one of the ornaments of the French hierarchy of the last century. He prevented the fatal Guizot education proposal of 1844, and hailed with joy the law of 1850, from which so many blessings to Catholic schools later came. He unmasked the Emperor's alliance with Cavour, which led to the loss of the Papal States; he sounded the alarm against the atheistic and Masonic Education League, founded by Jean Macé in 1866. In the war with Germany, Monsignor des Loges showed himself ever the patriot; in later distresses the pastor and tender friend. He advised the German Emperor to abandon the Kulturkampf and to