a large purchase of slaves from the pacha, to whom he now represented that he must go to dispose of cattle, in order to raise the means of payment. The pacha, eager for the money, allowed him to depart; and Milosch prepared for the inevitable insurrection.

"On Palm Sunday, 1815, Milosch himself came forward. Early in the morning, he appeared at the church of Takovo, amidst large numbers of the people who had assembled there. Even the old men, usually so cautious, now demanded a revolution; and all present swore, unanimously, to forget their internal dissensions, and to obey Milosch. In the interim, the Momkes (cavaliers) assembled in Zrnutscha. Brilliantly armed, and with the banner of a Voivode in his hand, Milosch stepped into the midst of the assembly. Here am I,' he said; 'and now, war against the Turks is begun.'"

The people, however, though eager at first for resistance, were depressed by the memory of former losses, and dismayed by the force which the Turks at once gathered against them. Soon a portion were for submitting to their oppressors, and assisting them against Milosch himself; others had no better counsel to give than to slaughter the women and children, then retire to the mountains, and fight the Turks for the rest of their lives.

A reinforcement from another district put an end to such despairing thoughts, and soon the insurrection became general. We cannot follow in detail the achievements of Milosch and his followers. Their success would seem miraculous, but for the two great sources of strength which Divine Providence has given to persecuted races, thorough knowledge of the country, and the courage of desperation. Milosch won much by his magnanimity, to which he afterwards owed the rescue of his life. He treated his prisoners well. The women who fell into his hands "knew not how to praise him sufficiently: 'they had been treated,' they said, 'as though they had been their mothers and sisters.' 'A religion which commanded such conduct must,' they affirmed, 'be the true one.""

After one of his engagements, the Turkish commander, whom Milosch had formerly known, was found behind a bush,

plundered of his turban and shawl. Milosch caused these to be restored to him, regaled him in his tent, made him a present of a horse, a fur coat, and five hundred piastres, and allowed him to join the army of the Vizier. Milosch afterwards went, on an assurance of safety, to the camp of the Vizier, and, with that ill-faith which the Turks repeatedly displayed, was assaulted by the Janissaries as he was about to mount his horse, when the officer he had treated so kindly interposed, and procured his safe return.

The power of Milosch, and the comparative freedom of Servia, were at length established in the country, and acknowledged by the Porte, under whose commission the authority of the chief was exercised; a pacha, however, still residing at Belgrade, and Turkish garrisons occupying that and other fortified towns. The state of things was thus established which had been contemplated in the Russian treaty. Under these circumstances it was that, in a hapless hour, Kara George once more entered the country. For some time he had been under guard in an Austrian fortress; was then permitted to reside in the Russian province of Bessarabia. Here he was visited by emissaries from an association- the Hetariawhich contemplated a simultaneous rising of the Christians throughout Turkey,- a purpose which soon found partial accomplishment in the Greek revolution. They invited Kara George to undertake the full liberation of Servia. Pressing letters from that province seconded the application; and Kara George, travelling in disguise to the Servian frontier, procured a boatman, by a handsome present, to take him across the Danube. He took his abode with Vuitza, a chief by whom he had been expressly invited, and thence sent to Milosch, urging him to join in the insurrection which was about to

commence.

Milosch was an officer of the Sultan, and as such bound to oppose the designs of the Sultan's enemy; but he was a Servian, and therefore bound to honor the first deliverer of Servia. He had shown that he knew what magnanimity was, and understood, therefore, the baseness of betraying his former commander. In the conflict of duties, he chose the path prompted

VOL. LXXXV.

NEW SERIES, VOL. VI. NO. II.

19

by safety, by interest, and by the strict construction of his duty to his superiors. He informed the pacha of the intelligence which had been given him, and received in turn a demand, which he transmitted to Vuitza, for the head of Kara George. That chief was strangled in his sleep, by one of Vuitza's attendants, and his head sent to the pacha, who transmitted it to the Sultan.

Dr. Croly, whom we have already quoted, has given to this tragic deed a scene and circumstances more worthy of the death of a hero:

""Twas noon: a crimson banner play'd
Above thy rampart port, Belgrade;
From time to time the gong's deep swell
Rose thundering from the citadel;
And soon the trampling charger's din
Told of some mustering pomp within.

They lead a captive; the pashaw

From his large eye draws back with awe.
No Moslem he: his brow is bare,
Save one wild tress of raven hair,
Like a black serpent, deeply bound
Where once sat Servia's golden round.

A trumpet rang, - the turban'd line
Clash'd up their spears, the headsman's sign.
Then, like the flame-burst from the forge,
Blazed thy dark visage, Czerni George.
He knew that trumpet's Turkish wail,
His guide through many a forest vale,
When, scattering like the hunted deer,
The Moslem felt his early spear;
He heard it when the Servian targe
Broke down the Delhi's desperate charge,

And o'er the flight his scimitar

Was like the flashing of a star:

That day his courser to the knee

Was bathed in blood, and Servia free!
That day, before he sheathed his blade,
He stood a sovereign in Belgrade.
The field, the throne, were on that eye

Which wandered now so wild and high."

But we must hasten on. Milosch ruled Servia until 1839, when, compelled to resign his power, he abdicated in favor of

his son Milan. This prince soon died, and was succeeded by his brother Michael. Another revolution displaced Michael, and substituted for him Alexander Kara Georgevitsch, the son of the liberator. He in turn was driven into exile, and the old chief, Milosch, reinstated; upon whose death the principality of Servia devolved a second time on Michael. It is this prince who was assassinated, on the 10th of June last, while walking in the public park of Belgrade, in company with his cousin and a daughter of the latter, with his usual attendants. They were fired upon by three men armed with revolvers. The prince and his cousin were slain, and the lady who accompanied them wounded. Suspicion has rested upon the dethroned prince, Kara Georgevitsch; and, while we write, intelligence reaches us of his arrest at Pesth, in Hungary, of his serious illness, and of the confiscation of his property in Servia.

The country is now under the joint protection of the great European powers; the infamous bombardment of Belgrade by the Turkish garrison, in 1862, having shown that the presence of such a force could no longer be tolerated by those Christian kingdoms to whose support the wretched Turkish misgovernment owes its continued existence. The late prince has been succeeded by his nephew, Milan. We await with interest further intelligence from that country, hoping that it may be proved that the son of a mighty, if a barbarian, chief has not dishonored himself by a foul murder; and that Servia, rescued from Moslem oppression and internal dissension, may pursue peacefully the course of advancement in civilization and Christianity.

ART. IX.

-THEISM - CHRISTIAN OR NOT.

The Worship of Jesus in its Past and Present Aspects. By SAMUEL JOHNSON, Minister of the Free Church at Lynn. Boston: William V. Spencer.

It is a curious and somewhat sudden change in the mode of belief called Theism, that of late it zealously disowns the name "Christian," which, till very lately, it seemed equally zealous to claim. How far this is due to a simple, honest development, and how far to something re-actionary in the temper of the more liberal Christian sects, it is not perhaps worth while to discuss. The line of cleavage, that could be traced pretty plainly long ago, has widened into a distinct and visible separation. And this, probably, to the relief of many who stand off both sides the line. In its very widest and vaguest sense, Christianity still has something conservative and organic, and in the eyes of "aggressive radicalism" will seem a sectarian thing. Besides, there are devout religious reformers in India; there are intelligent and liberal thinkers among the Jews; there is a noble, earnest, and pious temper among many of a purely scientific training, or a purely philosophic faith,— and to none of them has the name Christian any thing especially sacred or august: so that one who seeks only the very largest religious fellowship will prefer to stand outside the Christian boundary, and become, frankly, a citizen of the wide world. And, on the other side, there is a very sincere piety, which has been affronted by the tone of radical discussion; there is a timorous temper that has felt an uncomfortable halfresponsibility for the vagaries of bolder thought; there is a dogmatic and positive cast of mind with many, which has always predicted that rationalistic thinking would be driven into denial, and always meant it should. Minds of that sort, whichever side of the line they happen to be, like to see it drawn sharp and distinct; and the new phase of Theism will doubtless bring them comfort and relief.