The Economics of DistributionMacmillan, 1900 - 361 стор. |
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Загальні терміни та фрази
abstinence actual advantage amount applied bargaining Böhm-Bawerk buyers and sellers capi capital and labour commodities competition consumer consumer's rent consumption cost differential gains differential rents distribution duction economic economic rent economists effect element enter into price equal existence expenses of production fact factors of production final utility fixed forced gain forms of capital ginal given higher income increased industry investment J. S. Mill labour-power land-use last dose Law of Rent limit margin of cultivation margin of employment marginal cost marginal rent marginal utility market-price measured monopoly monopoly rents nature necessary nomic objective owners paid payment portion of supply productive power Professor Marshall profit purchase quantity quasi-rents rate of interest regarded rent of land saving scarcity rent sell subsistence supply and demand surplus surplus value taxation theory of value tion trade wages wheat land worst land yield
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Сторінка 46 - The excess of the price which he would be willing to pay rather than go without the thing, over that which he actually does pay, is the economic measure of this surplus satisfaction. It may be called consumer's surplus.
Сторінка 1 - ... that end a disturbance of the fundamental assumptions on which economic reasoning is based — more especially those of the right of private property and the freedom...
Сторінка 92 - Given, a certain population, with various needs and powers of production, in possession of certain lands and other sources of material: required, the mode of employing their labour which will maximize the utility of the produce.
Сторінка 165 - What we find, in effect, is, not a whole population competing indiscriminately for all occupations, but a series of industrial layers, superposed on one another, within each of which the various candidates for employment possess a real and effective power of selection, while those occupying the several strata are, for all purposes of effective competition, practically isolated from each other.
Сторінка 131 - But when applied to the case of one kind of agricultural produce considered separately, the doctrine is not true as it stands. In order to make it true we must add conditions, the effect of which is almost to explain it away. . . . For the expenses of production of those oats which only just pay their way, are greater than they would be, were it not that much of the land which would return the largest crops of oats to the smallest outlay is diverted to growing other crops that will enable it to pay...
Сторінка 70 - We might as reasonably dispute whether it is the upper or the under blade of a pair of scissors that cuts a piece of paper, as whether value is governed by utility or cost of production. It is true that when one blade is held still, and the cutting is effected by moving the other, we may say with careless brevity that the cutting is done by the second; but the statement is not strictly accurate, and is to be excused only so long as it claims to be merely a popular and not a strictly scientific account...
Сторінка 223 - mainly consists in the buyer ascertaining the lowest price at which the seller is willing to part with his object, without disclosing, if possible, the highest price which he, the buyer, is willing to give.