though simple in appearance, is a complicated machine, made of self-adjusting pieces. Voluntary facts are subject to the universal law of causality. Are they our own work? No doubt, since they are the result of the totality of the states of consciousness which precede the resolution, and that this whole of states of consciousness is our ego. Are they free? This question is artificial, unintelligible, consequently insoluble. The word liberty must be expunged from psychology, as an inexact term which serves only to create confusion, and the word aptitude must be substituted for it. Psychology thus conceived can and ought to be a distinct science. But it neither can nor ought to isolate itself from the kindred sciences, especially physiology, and, strictly speaking, there is no line of demarcation to be traced between them, because certain phenomena are common to both. 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