These fellowships are open to all graduates of the Department of Architecture of Columbia College less than thirty years of age, and are awarded to the successful competitors in a competition held under the direction of the Professor of Architecture, and of an cxamination in strains and building construction, quantities, etc. Payments are made by the treasurer on the certification of the Professor of Architecture, in four equal installments of $250 each, on the last days of June, September, December, and March succeeding the date of the awards. The Travelling Scholarship, established by the American Architect and Building News ($500 per annum), is open only to subscribers to the imperial or international editions of that journal (without distinction of sex or color) who may dwell in any part of the United States, under the following general conditions : 1. The applicant must be a citizen of the United States. 2. Subscription to the imperial or international edition must be prepaid in full direct to the publishers. 3. At the time of filing notice of intention to compete, the applicant must be between the ages of twenty and twenty-five years. It is desirable that notice should be filed with the editors before May 15th. 4. The applicant must have served for at least two years in offices of members of the American Institute of Architects, or of the Western Association of Architects. A graduate's diploma granted by a technical school will be accepted in lieu of one of these years of office-work. 5. Applicants must undergo examination in : a. Drawing-free-hand and mechanical. b. Architectural Design. c. Elements of Construction. e. English Composition. f. One Foreign Language. g. Elements of Sanitation, Heating, and Ventilating. 6. Examinations will be held in November. 7. An examination fee of $5 for the benefit of the examiners will be required. 8. The appointee must take his departure within six weeks of receiving notice of appointment. One hundred dollars will be paid to him at the time of taking ocean passage and the balance of the scholarship in monthly instalments. 9. The course of travel and study while abroad will be outlined by the editors of the American Architect. LIST OF THE BEST TWENTY BOOKS FOR AN ARCHITECT'S LIBRARY. [Compiled by the editors of the American Architect and Building News, in 1886, from forty-nine lists sent in by the subscribers to that journal.] I. Fergusson, James (33 votes), The History of Architecture in all Countries. 2 vols. New York: Dodd, Mead & Co., 1883. $7.50. II. Gwilt, Joseph (28 votes), An Encyclopædia of Architecture, 1 vol. London: Longmans, Green & Co. $17 to $20. III. The American Architect and Building News (28 votes). Boston Ticknor & Co. $25, $1", $7, $6. IV. Viollet-le-Duc, E. (19 votes), Dictionnaire raisonné de l'Architecture Française, du XI. au XVI. Siècle, 10 vols. Paris : A. Morel et Cie. 200 to 250 francs. V. Smith, Col. (19 votes), Notes on Building Construction, 3 vols. London: Rivingtons, 1875. $13. VI. Trautwine, J. C. (17 votes), Civil Engineer's Pocket-book, 1 vol. New York: John Wiley & Sons. $5. VII. Clark, T. M. (16 votes), Building Superintendence, 1 vol. Boston Ticknor & Co. $3. VIII. Viollet-le-Duc, E. (15 votes), Discourses on Architecture, 2 vols. Boston: Ticknor & Co. $15. IX. Jones, Owen (14 votes), The Grammar of Ornament, 1 vol. London: Day & Son, 1856. $25. X. Rosengarten, A. (12 votes), Hand-book of Architectural Styles, 1 vol. London: Chatto & Windus. $2.50. XI. Kidder, F. E. (11 votes, Architect's and Builder's Pocketbook, 1 vol. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1892. $4.00. XII. Webster, Noah (10 votes), An Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language. Springfield, Mass.: W. & C. Merriam. XIII. Ruskin, John (8 votes), The Stones of Venice, 3 vols. New York: Merrill & Baker. $4.50. XIV. Gillmore, J. Q. A. (8 vo'es), Practical Treatise on Limes, Hydraulic Cements, and Mortars, 1 vol. New York: D. Van Nostrand, 1875. $4. XV. Ware, W. R. (8 votes), Modern Perspective, 1 vol., plates in portfolio. Boston: Ticknor & Co. $8. XVI. Baldwin, W. J. (8 votes), Steam-Heating for Buildings, 1 vol. New York: John Wiley & Sons. $2.50. XVII. The Builder (7 votes). London: 1843-86. $6.33. XVIII. Haswell, C. II. (7 votes), Engineer's and Mechanics' Pocket book, 1 vol. New York: Harper & Bros. $4. XIX Billings, J. S. (7 votes), Ventilation and Heating, 1 vol. New York: Sanitary Engineer, 1884. XX. Ruskin, John (7 votes), The Seven Lamps of Architecture, 1 vol New York Merrill & Baker. $1.00. XXI. Parker, J. H. (7 votes), Concise G'ossary of Architecture, 1 vol. Oxford and London: J. Parker & Co. $6. To the above list we would add the following as being valuable works on the subjects treated : Lanza, Gaetano, Applied Mechanics, cuts. Tenth Street): J. Wiley & Sons. $7.50. New York (53 East Thurston, Robert H., Materials of Construction. New York (53 East Tenth Street): J. Wiley & Sons. $5. Greene, Charles E., Graphical Analysis of Roof Trusses. New York (53 East Tenth Street): J. Wiley & Sons. $1.25. Birkmire, Wm H., Architectural Iron and Steel, cuts. York (53 East Tenth Street): J. Wiley & Sons. $3.50. New Baker, Ira O., Masonry Construction. New York (53 East Tenth Street) J. Wiley & Sons. $5. Newman, John, Notes on Concrete and Works in Concrete. New York (12 Cortlandt Street): E. & F. N. Spon. $1.50. Blackall, Clarence H, Builder's Hardware, cuts. Tremont Street): Ticknor & Co. $5. Boston (211 Lloyd, A. Parlett, Building and Buildings, Building Contracts, etc. Boston (4 Park Street): Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $4.50. Schweinfurth, J. A., Sketches Abroad, plates only. Tremont Street): Ticknor & Co. $15. Boston (211 Merrill, George P., Stones for Building and Decoration, cuts. New York (53 East Tenth Street): J. Wiley & Sons. $5. STEAM-HEATING. HEAT, FUEL, WATER, STEAM, AND AIR. Heat is measured in two ways: 1st, by the thermometer, as in ordinary practice; and 2d, by the work which it performs. The unit of heat (sometimes called the British thermal unit) is that quantity of heat which will raise the temperature of one pound of water at or near the freezing-point, 1° Fahrenheit. A French" calorie" is the heat required to raise one kilogramme of water 10 Centigrade, and is equal to 3.96832 British thermal units. The equivalent in force of the unit of heat is the raising of 772 pounds avoirdupois one foot high, and is called the mechanical equivalent of heat. Various kinds of fuel contain a certain number of thermal units per pound; and the method of heating which will convey the largest number of units to the air to be warmed is the most economical. so far as fuel and heating are concerned. But no method has yet been devised which will utilize more than about 85 per cent of the heat units contained in the fuel. Fuel. The value of any fuel is measured by the number of heat units which its combustion will generate. The fuels generally used in heating are composed of carbon and hydrogen, and ash, with sometimes small quantities of other substances not materially affecting its value. “Combustible" is that portion which will burn, the ash or residue varying from 2 to 36 per cent in different fuels. The following table gives, for the more common combustibles, the air required for complete combustion, the temperature with different proportions of air, the theoretical value, and the highest attainable value under a steam-boiler, assuming that the gases pass off at 320°, the temperature of steam at 75 pounds pressure, and the incoming draft to be at 60°. 1 From Steam, published by the Babcock & Wilcox Company, New York and Glasgow. |