Economic Structures of the Ancient Near East

agricultural Akkadian Alalakh Anatolia ancient Near East ancient Near Eastern Assyrian attested Babylonian barley Byblos capital Cappadocia caravan century Chapter commercial contracts copper Diakonoff discussion of Assertion documents Dynasty earlier early second millennium Ebla economic Egypt Egyptian Eshnunna evidence example excavated exchange export firms Gelb Genesis gifts goddess gods grain Greek Hallo Hammurabi's Code Heltzer Hittite importance individual inscription investment Israelite Janssen king Kramer labour Lagash land consolidation Larsa Larsen late third millennium Leemans Lichtheim Liverani loans Mari means mentioned merchants Mesopotamia metal middle Nippur Nuzi Oppenheim and Reiner Osiris ownership palace Papyrus payment period Pharaoh Polanyi priest production purchase Pyramid Texts refer role royal ruler seal second half shekels ships silver Sippar slave sold Sources Sumer Sumerian Syrian tablet temple term textiles transaction costs transport Ugarit Ur III Veenhof wheat women wool Zaccagnini