foning their inclinations with a more kind and free temper.

Of Chriftian religion there. There is in the church of St. Paul a bishop's fee: it was formerly a metropolitan, and as it is thought, fhall recover the faid dignity again, if the citizens fhall return back into the island; except, perhaps, the archiepifcopal title of St. Thomas the martyr, and his bodily prefence, do perpetuate this honour to Canterbury, where now his reliques are. But feeing Saint Thomas hath graced both thefe cities, namely, London with his birth, and Canterbury with his death; one place may alledge more against the other, in refpect of the fight of that faint, with the acceffion of holinefs. Now, concerning the worship of God in the Christian faith; there are in London and the fuburbs 13 greater conventual churches, befides 126 leffer parish churches: [139 churches in all.]

Of the ftrength and fcite of the city. It hath on the eaft part a tower palatine, very large and very ftrong; whofe court and walls rife up from a deep foundation: The mortar is tempered with the blood of beafts. On the weft are two caftles well fenced. The wall of the city is high and great, continued with feven gates, which are made double, and on the north diftinguished with turrets by fpaces. Likewise on the fouth London hath been inclosed with walls and towers, but the large river of Thames, well ftored with fish, and in which the tide ebbs and flows, by continuance of time, hath washed, worn away, and caft down thofe walls. Farther, above in the weft part, the king's palace is eminently feated

Of their wells.

There are alfo about London, on the north of the suburbs, choice fountains of water, fweet, wholefome, and clear, ftreaming forth among the glistening pebble stones: in this number, Holywell, Clarkenwell, and St. Clement's well, are of moft note, and frequented above the reft, when scholars, and the youth of the city take the air abroad in the fummer evenings.

Of the citizens honour.

This city is honoured with her men, graced with her arms, and peopled with a multitude of inhabitants. In the fatal wars under king Stephen, there went out to a

N 2

mufter,

muster, men fit for war, efteemed to the number of 20,000 horse-inen armed, and 60,coo footmen. The citizens of London are known in all places, and respected above all other citizens, for their civil demeanour, their good apparel, their table, and their difcourfe.

Of the chastity of their matrons. The matrons of this city may be paralleled with the Sabine

women.

Of their Schools.

:

In London three famous fchools are keptat three principal churches, St. Paul's, the Holy Trinity, and St. Martin's, which they retain by privilege and ancient dignity yet, for the most part, by favour of fome perfons, or fome teachers, who are known and famed for their philofophy, there are other fchools there upon good-will and fufferance. Upon the holidays, the mafters with their scholars celebrate affemblies at the festival churches. The fcholars difpute there, for exercise fake: fome ufe demonstrations, others topical and probable arguments; fome practile enthymemes, others do better ufe perfect fyllogifms; fome exercise themfelves in difpute for oftentation, which is practifed among fuch as ftrive together for victory; others difpute for truth, which is the grace of perfection. The fophifters, which are diffemblers, turn verbalifts, and are magnified when they overflow in speech and abundance of words; fome alfo are entrapped with deceitful arguments. Sometimes certain orators, with rhetorical orations, fpeak handfomely to perfuade, being careful to obferve the precepts of art, who omit no matter contingent. The boys of divers

fchools wrangle together in verfr fying, or canvass the principles of grammar, or difpute the rules of the preterperfect and future tenfes. Some there are that in epigrams, rhimes, and verses, use that trivial way of abufe. Thefe do freely

abuse their fellows, fuppreffing their names, with a fefcennine railing liberty: these cast out most abufive jefts; and with focratical witty expreffions, they touch the vices of their fellows, or perhaps of their fuperiors, or fall upon them with a fatricial bitternefs, and with bolder reproaches than is fit. The hearers prepared for laughter, make themselves merry in the mean time.

How the affairs of the city are difpojed.

The feveral craftímen, the feveral fellers of wares, and workmen for hire, all are diftinguifhed every morning by themselves, in their places as well as trades. Befides, there is in London upon the river's bank a public place of cookery, among the wines to be fold in the fhips, and in the wine cellars. There every day we may call for any difh of meat, roast, fryed, or boiled; fifh both fmall and great; ordinary flesh for the poorer fort, and more dainty for the rich, as venifon and fowl. If friends come upon a fudden, wearied with travel, to a citizen's house, and they be loth to wait for curious preparations and dreffings of fresh meat ; let the fervants give them water to wash, and bread to stay their ftomach, and in the mean time, they run to the water fide, where all things that can be defired are at hand.

Whatsoever multitude of foldiers, or other strangers, enter into the city at any hour of the

day

day or night, or elfe are about to depart; they may turn in, bait here, and refresh themselves to their content, and so avoid long fafting, and not go away without their dinner. If any defire to fit their dainty tooth, they take a goofe; they need not to long for the fowl of Africa, no, nor the rare Godwit of Iönia. This is the public cookery, and very convenient for the ftate of a city, and belongs to it, Hence it is, we read in Plato's Gorgias, that next to the phyfician's art is the trade of cooks.

Of Smethfield.

Without one of the gates is a certain field, plain, [or fmooth] both in name and fituation. Every Friday, except fome greater feftival come in the way, there is a fine fight of good horfes to be fold: many come out of the city to buy or look on, to wit, earls, barons, knights, citizens, all reforting thither. It is a pleasant fight there to behold the animals, well fleshed, fleek, and fhining, delightfully walking, and their feet on either fide up and down together by turns; or elfe trotting horfes, which are more convenient for men that bear arms; thefe, although they fet a little harder, go away readily, and lift up and fet down together the contrary feet on either fide. Here are alfo young colts of a good breed, that have not been well accustomed to the bridle; these fling about, and by mounting bravely, thew their mettle. Here are principal horfes, ftrong and well limbed. Here alfo are breaft horfes, perhaps race horfes, fit to be joined by couples, very fair and handsome, and fleek about the ears, carrying their necks

Concerning shipping and merchandize.

To this city merchants bring in wares by fhips from every nation under heaven. The Arabian fends

his gold, the Sabean his frankincenfe and fpices, the Scythian, arms; oil of palms from the plentiful wood: Babylon her fat foil, and Nylus his precious ftones: the Seres fend purple garments; they of Norway and Ruffia, trouts, furs, and fables; and the French their wines.

Its antiquity and government. According to the report of chronicles, it is more ancient than the city of Rome: for both being defcended from the fame Trojan ftock Brute builded this, before Remus and Romulus did the other. Whence ftill it ufeth the fame ancient laws, and common inftitutions. For this our city, like to that, is diftinguished by wards and feveral limits; it hath fheriffs every year, anfwerable to their confuls; it hath aldermen, enjoy.ing the dignity of fenators, befides inferior magiftrates; it hath alfo common fewers, and conveyances for waters in the streets. Concerning caufes in question, there are feveral places and courts for caufes deliberative, demonftrative,

wherewith one or both parties are thrown down, not without ne hurt to their bodies; and their fall, by reason of the motion, are carried a good ne from another; and the ice doth touch ubs off all the fkin and if one fall , it is ufually men being firous of nfelves

he YEAR 1764.

181

ode- aloft, being well flefhed, and round e, about the buttocks. In another part ftand the country people with attle,and commodities of the field, e fwine, and kine with their * ftrutting out, fair bodied d the woolly flock. There t horfes, fit for the dray, , or the chariot: and

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And in the times of chriftianity, it brought forth the noble Emperor Conftantine, who gave the city of Rome and all the Imperial arms to God, and to St. Peter, and Silvefter the pope, whofe ftirrup he refufed not to hold, and pleafed rather to be called, Defender of the holy Roman church, than emperor of the world. And left the peace of our lord the pope fhould fuffer any disturbance, by the noife of fecular affairs, he left the city, and beftowed it on the pope, and founded the city of Conftantinople for his own habitation. London alfo in these latter times hath brought forth famous and magni. ficent princes: Maud the Emprefs, King Henry the Third, and Tho mas the archbishop, a glorious martyr of Chrift, than whom no man was more innocent, or more devoted to the general good of the Latin world.

e delight in -hawks, gofs-, like, and in dogs woody ground. The e authority to hunt in , Hertfordshire, all the .ns, and in Kent, as far as -y-Water.

Natives of London. The city of London hath brought forth fome who have fubdued many kingdoms, and the empire of Rome