Schelling, 7.
Schmalz, 114.
Townsend, 194.
Toynbee, 404.
Schmoller, 89, 110, 416 f., 481, 483, 484, Treitschke, 484 n.
Senior, 186, 211, 263 f., 355, 356, 357, Verri, 153 n.
Villeneuve-Bargemont, 312.
Sismondi, 153 n., 302 f., 379, 427 n., Wagner, 480, 481, 484, 485, 486.
Walker, A., 511 n.
Walker, F. A., 443, 514, 516.
Wallace, A. R., 502.
Wallace, R., 194.
Walras, A., 459 n.
Walras, L., 458 ƒ.
Wayland, 514.
Webb, S., 390, 502.
Weber, 446.
Absenteeism, 60, 428.
Absolutism, 6, 10 f., 139, 188, 235, 260,
316.
Abstinence, 265 f., 357, 393, 470.
Agricultural improvements, effects
Agriculture, 31 f., 58, 65, 74, 104, 106,
137, 239; surplus and, 141.
American Economics, 238 ff., 511 ff.
American Economic Association, 516 f.
American universities, Economics at,
514-516.
Anarchism, 195, 339.
Anti-Corn Law League, 185, 252.
Applied Economics. (See Art.)
Arithmetical ratio, 196, 198, 200, 487.
Art, Science and, 480; Economics as an,
264, 273, 405, 480.
Artisans, regarded with disfavor, 32, 45,
58.
Austrian School, 13, 392, 393, 461 f.,
Balance of trade, 90, 94 f., 108, 118, 123,
Colonies, 97.
Colonization, 43, 367.
Commerce. (See Foreign trade, Free
trade, Regulation.)
Communism and communal property,
5, 43 f., 72, 81, 193, 197, 340, 366.
Competition, 30, 338, 400, 531.
Consumers, 81, 188, 530.
Conjuncture, 383.
Consumption, 117, 188, 276, 297, 304,
306, 352, 358, 370, 426, 434, 452, 454,
524, 543.
Continuity in economic thought, 24,
537 f.
Contract, 55.
Corn laws, 96, 97, 184 f.
Biology, Economics and, 247, 403, 487, Cosmopolitanism, 11, 161, 294, 314 f.,
Cameralism. (See Kameralism.)
Canon law, 76.
Capital: definition and function, 122,
229, 239, 241, 254, 265, 274, 285, 304,
305, 316, 323, 341, 357 f., 381, 383,
385, 424, 429 f., 444, 513, 523, 546 f.;
productivity of, 148, 173, 229, 425;
relation to labor, 241 f., 254 f., 258,
273, 285 f., 305, 340, 425, 431, 445, 532.
Cost, nature of, 123, 266, 465 f. (See
Credit, 60, 92, 359, 413, 414.
Crises, 359, 380.
Deduction. (See Method.)
Demand and supply, 106, 144, 170, 264,
284, 353, 360, 426, 435, 442, 444, 495,
549.
Diminishing returns, law of, 200, 207,
264, 286, 289, 398, 525.
Distribution, 214; relative importance
in Economics, 143, 234, 274, 522;
Carey's scheme, 241 f.; Clark's scheme,
522; Physiocratic scheme, 145; Ri-
cardian scheme, 218 ff.; Sismondi's
scheme, 305 f.
Division of labor, 18, 40, 63 f., 159, 160,
164 f., 299, 317, 322 f.
Domains, 89, 115.
Friction in Economics, 205, 309, 423.
Fungible things, 78.
General Economics, 479 f., 546.
Geometrical ratio, 196, 246, 486.
Dutch Economics in England, 96 n., 102. German Economics, 190, 270 f., 479 f.,
Economics: definition and scope, 46,
52, 106, 122, 124, 264, 276, 304, 351,
399, 479 f., 495, 546; history of, 3,
4 ff.; polity and, 122; practical in-
fluence, 4, 153, 184, 325, 537; social
sciences and, 5 f., 34, 248, 499, 546.
Eisenach Assembly, 483 f.
Emigration and immigration, 110, 201,
202, 239 n., 367 n., 402.
Encyclopedists, the, 8.
518; Germanic contributions: early
Germans, 70; economists, 273; in-
fluence, 489 f., 504, 518 f.; Kameral-
ism and, 130, 480; German universi-
ties, Economics at, 274, 480.
Gilds, 81, 98, 115, 116, 121.
Gluts, 205. (See Overproduction.)
Goods, different orders of, 451 f., 462.
Government, functions of, 79, 95 ff.,
139, 177, 257, 310, 332, 338, 369 f.,
456 n., 484, 517, 524. (See State, im-
portance of.)
Greek Economics, 5, 15, 16, 39 ff.
Entrepreneur, 275, 357, 399, 432, 458, Gresham's Law, 118.
Environment, influence of, 4, 18 f., 69,
74, 88, 92, 98, 114, 134, 136 ff., 192,
214, 318, 350, 372, 409, 432, 488, 511
f., 516, 536 f.
Epicureans, 8.
Epigones, 13, 482.
Ethics and Economics, 16, 52, 57, 83, 99,
104, 234, 277, 289, 304, 307, 418, 455,
484, 522, 528, 531, 539 f., 542.
Evolution, Economics and, 343, 396, 400,
408.
Exchange, place of, in Economics, 274,
Harmony of interests, 140 f., 161, 190,
242, 253, 256.
Hebrews, 24 f., 52.
Hedonism, 472, 531, 545.
Hindu economic thought, 24 f., 52.
Historical method, 11, 160, 208, 244, 311,
321, 328, 395 ff., 400, 410 ƒ., 499.
(See Relativity.)
Historical School, 408 ff., 483, 496, 505,
516.
History, economic interpretation of,
39, 385, 491.
Humanism, 69.
Idealism in Economics, 7, 35, 83, 247,
371, 415 n., 473, 533, 540.
Immaterial factors and immaterial
wealth, 241 n., 273, 276, 277, 316,
323 f., 363, 549.
Improvements, effects of, 222, 223 n.,
226.
Imputation, valuation by, 464, 469 f.
Increasing returns, 223, 264, 267 f., 526,
542.
Free trade, 123, 140, 151, 161, 162, 252, Independent domestic economy, 18, 79,
French Economics, 274 ff., 503 ff., 541.
French Revolution, 138, 164, 314, 330,
331.
Individual vs. social interests, 109, 125,
129, 161, 170 f., 239, 298, 310, 391,
418, 428.
Individualism in Economics, 7, 8, 17, 35,
43, 71, 83, 140, 187, 294, 315, 370,
383, 504.
Induction in Economics. (See Method.)
Industrial Revolution, the, 105, 106,
107, 192, 214, 235, 330, 400, 438.
Inheritance, 42, 333.
Interest theory, history of, 5, 26 f., 48,
57, 101 f., 147 f., 160, 161, 173, 229 f.,
242 255 f., 265, 286, 357, 362, 404,
469 f., 513, 525, 547.
International trade.
International value, 359 f.
Interventionists, 506.
Italian Economics, 100, 153 n., 487 ff.
Manchester School, 185, 260, 405, 482,
503.
Margin of cultivation, 219, 227, 229,
283 ff. (see Rent, and Marginal pro
ductivity); extensive, 219 f.; inten-
sive, 219 f., 222, 287.
Marginal cost, 169.
Marginal productivity, 286 f., 512, 522,
525
Marginal utility, 393, 447, 448 ff., 464,
468, 473, 486, 493, 499, 536, 544,
549.
Materialism in economic thought, 7 f.,
36, 83, 180 f., 187, 233, 293, 371, 384
f., 473.
Jurisprudence and Economics, 55 ff., Measure of value.
114, 383, 409, 411, 481.
Just price, 28, 29 f., 61, 76, 80, 107.
Justice, Economics and distributive,
342 f., 366, 379, 391, 484.
Kameralism, 13, 113 ff., 270, 273, 538.
Katheder Socialisten. (See Socialism, pro-
fessorial.)
Labor (see also Wages): labor class
and economic thought, 16, 172, 180,
214, 285, 331, 365, 404, 409, 445, 456
n., 485, 495, 506, 518; dignity of
labor, 72, 80; factor of production,
100, 160, 164, 278, 305, 378; painful-
ness of labor, 335.
Laisser faire, 4, 140, 151, 156, 163, 177,
276, 278, 299, 369, 526, 529.
Land (see Rent): as factor in pro-
duction, 103 f., 155 f., 175, 239, 244,
283 f., 430, 512; as social basis, 33,
491; relation to man, 7, 8, 241, 351;
value of, 244, 255, 259.
Land banks, 97, 104.
Mathematical Economics. (See Method.)
(See Value.)
Medieval Economics, 5, 70 f.
Mercantilism, 13, 87 ff.
Metaphysical stage, Comte's, 12 f.
Method, 9 ff., 413 f., 417, 481, 545; ab-
stract, 12, 183, 228, 234, 280, 288,
395 f., 400, 545; concrete deductive,
373; deductive, 10, 183, 234, 248,
264, 280, 373, 401, 403, 481, 495; in-
ductive, 10, 275, 300, 403, 416, 419,
481; mathematical, 280, 451, 457,
459, 481; statistical, 9, 400, 417.
Middle Ages, significance of, 5, 24, 69 f.,
82 f., 104, 316.
Monasteries, 80.
Money: definition and nature, 56 f.,
97, 119, 160; origin and use of, 48,
56 f., 78; value or purchasing power
of, 77, 80, 334, 525; labor currency,
334, 341, 381; foreign trade and, 91,
93; regulation of exports of, 118.
Monopoly, 117, 175, 204, 266, 355, 524,
526; in medieval towns, 80.
Mosaic law, 15, 26, 32, 34, 38, 77.
National lines, significance of, 37, 108,
271, 321, 409, 518.
Land nationalization, 368, 502. (See Nationalists, the, 294, 313 f., 533.
Landlords' interests, 171 n., 175, 204, 222,
Natural prices, rates, etc., 13, 46, 49,
147, 149, 170, 226, 286, 522.
Natural science, progress in, and eco-
nomic thought, 138, 139, 396, 447, 496.
Laws, nature of economic, 398, 400, 402, Nature: bounty of, 47, 141, 204, 223 f.;
411, 414, 415, 417, 419, 499.
Liberalists, 503, 510, 531.
law and philosophy of, 12, 55, 75,
138 f., 163, 183, 234.
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