employments diligently ufeful, and especially in helping to rectify the Kalendar and Rubric. And lastly, it may be noted, that for the fatisfying all the diffenting brethren and others, the convocation's reafons for the alterations and additions to the Liturgy were by them defired to be drawn up by Dr. Sanderfon; which being done by him, and approved by them, was appointed to be printed before the Liturgy, and may be now known by this title, "The Preface':" and begins thus, " It hath been the wisdom of the church."

I shall now follow Dr. Sanderson to his bishopric, and declare a part of his behaviour in that bufy and weighty employment. And first, that it was with fuch condefcenfion and obligingness to the meaneft of his clergy, as to know and be known to most of them. And indeed he practifed the like to all men of what degree foever, efpecially to his old neighbours or parishioners of Boothby Pannell, for there was all joy at his table when they came 3 X 2..

to

"truft that heaven's gates are wide enough to receive us both." Upon Mr. Needham's modeft attempt to give an account of his own conduct, his Grace was pleased to reply; "I always "took you for an honest man: What I faid concerning myself was only to let you know, that what I have done I have done in the integrity of my heart, indeed in the great integrity "of my heart." See his character finely drawn by Mr. Nelfon, in "The Life of Dr. George Bull," p. 354.

Dr. John Pell, the first mathematician of the age in which he lived, and celebrated for his knowledge of ancient and modern languages, was the perfon, who, on Dec. 5, 1661, brought into the upper Houfe of Convocation, the Kalendar reformed by him, with the affistance of Mr. Sancroft..

"The Preface is said to be drawn up by Dr. Sanderson, and it should seem by the style thereof to be his. However no mention of his being the author of it is made in the acts of the Upper House of Convocation. It is there only faid, "Die Lun. 2. Decemb. Præfatium five Exordium Libri Precum fuit Introduct. et Public. Perlect." On Monday the 2d of December, the Preface or Introduction to the Common Prayer-Book was brought in and read: But it is not faid by whom. It was referred to a committee of the Upper House, to confider of it, who were Dr. Matthew Wren, Bishop of Ely; Dr. Robert Skinner, Bishop of Oxon; Dr. Humphrey Henchman, Bishop of Sarum; and Dr. George Griffith, Bishop of St. Asaph. On the 13th of that month, the acts fay, fome amendments were made to the Preface."(Dr. Nicholl's Comment on the Common Prayer.)-It may be further remarked, that the Prayers "for Ember Weeks," "for the Parliament," "for all Conditions of Men," were added at. the review of the Liturgy in 1661.

to vifit him: Then they prayed for him, and he for them with an unfeigned affection.

I think it will not be denyed, but that the care and toil required of a bishop may juftly challenge the riches and revenue with which their predeceffors had lawfully endowed them; and yet he fought not that so much, as doing good with it both to the prefent age and posterity; and he made this appear by what follows.

The bishop's chief houfe at Bugden, in the county of Huntington, the ufual refidence of his predeceffors (for it ftands about the midst of his diocese) having been at his confecration a great part of it demolished, and what was left standing under a visible decay, was by him undertaken to be erected and repaired; and it was performed with great fpeed, care, and charge". And to this may be added, that the King having by an injunction commended

Dr. John Williams, Bishop of Lincoln, did wonders at his feat of Bugden, with the will of a liberal man, and the wit of a good furveyor: For, in the space of one year, with many hands and good pay, he turned ja ruinous thing into a stately manfion. The out-houfes were re-edified with convenient beauty, as well for use as uniformity: And the outward courts, which were next them, he cast into fair alleys, and grafs-plats. Within doors, the cloifters were the trimmeft part of his reparations: The windows of the fquare beautified with ftories of coloured glass; the pavement laid smooth and new; and the walls, on every fide, hung with pieces of exquifite workmen in limning, collected and provided long before. The like and better was done for the chapel in all these circumftances, and with as much coft as it was capable of. He loved ftirring and walking, which he used two hours or more every day in the open air, if the weather served; especially if he might go to and fro, where good scents and works of well-formed shape were about him. But that this was his innocent recreation, it would amount to an error, that he should bury fo much money in gardens, arbours, orchards, pools for water-fowls, and for fish of all variety, with a walk raised three foot from the ground, of about a mile in compafs, fhaded and covered on each fide with trees and pales. He that reports this knows beft that all the nurseries about London for fair flowers and choice fruits were ranfacked to furnish him. Alcinous, if he had lived at Bugden, could not have lived better. And all this, take it together, might have ftood to become five ages after his reparation. But what is there that appears now? or what remains of all this coft and beauty? All is diffipated, defaced, pluckt to pieces to pay the army; following the rule, which Severus the Emperor gave to his fons Antoninus and Geta, " locupletate Milites, cæteros contemnite!" Here's nothing standing of all the bishop's delights and expence. "Nebuzar-adan, the fervant of the King of Babylon, hath been there," 2 Kings, xxv. 8. and made profit of the havoc of the palace, though the building would have yielded more gain to have let it ftood, than to be demolished. See "Bishop Hacket's Life of Archbishop Williams," P. II. p. 29.

commended to the care of the bishops, deans, and prebends of all cathedral churches, the repair of them, their houses, and an augmentation of the revenue of small vicarages; he, when he was repairing Bugden, did also augment the last, as fast as fines were paid for renewing leases: So fast, that a friend taking notice of his bounty, was fo bold as to advise him to remember, "he was under his firft fruits, and that he was old, and had a wife and "children that were yet but meanly provided for, especially if his dignity were confidered"." To whom he made a mild and thankful answer, faying, “It would not become a Chriftian Bishop to fuffer those houses "built by his predeceffors to be ruined for want of repair; and less justi"fiable to fuffer any of those poor vicars that were called to fo high a calling as to facrifice at God's altar, to eat the bread of forrow conftantly, when "he had a power by a fmall augmentation to turn it into the bread of "cheerfulness; and wifhed, that as this was, fo it were also in his power 66 to make all mankind happy, for he desired nothing more. And for his "wife and children, he hoped to leave them a competence, and in the "hands of a God that would provide for all that kept innocence, and "trufted in his providence and protection, which he had always found "enough to make and keep him happy."

66

There was in his diocese a minister of almoft his age, that had been of Lincoln College when he left it, who vifited him often, and always welcome, because he was a man of innocence and open-heartedness: This minister asked the bishop what books he ftudied moft, when he laid the foundation of his great and clear learning? To which his answer was, "That he declined reading many books; but what he did read were well chofen P

n Dr. Sanderson had iffue three fons, and two daughters. 1. Catharine, baptized May 27, 1621. Thomas, baptized Feb. 2, 1621, which Thomas was married at Lenton, otherwise Lavington, to Elizabeth Winlup, one of the daughters of Samuel Winlup, S. T. P. June 19, 1655, and is styled Doctor in Divinity. 3. Mary, baptized May 30, 1625, who was married to William Geery of Braunston, Clerk, Oct. 16, 1649. 4. Robert, baptized Nov. 18, 1630, and married to Anne Foxley, grand-daughter of Edward Foxley, fenior, parish-clerk, May 17, 1658. 5. Henry, baptized Dec. 3, 1633. (From the Parish Register of Boothby Pannell.)

• Among the fubfcribers towards the repair of the dilapidated buildings of Chrift Church in Oxford, we find the name of Dr. Sanderson contributing eighty pounds. (Kennet's Regifter, p. 345.)

"chofen, and read fo often, that he became very familiar with them;" and told him," they were chiefly three, "Ariftotle's Rhetoric," "Aquinas's "Secunda Secundæ "," and "Tully," but chiefly his "Offices'," which he had "not read over lefs than twenty times, and could at this age repeat without "book."

Luther advised all that intended to study in what art foever, that they should betake themselves to the reading of fome fure and certain forts of books oftentimes over and again; for to read many forts of books produceth more and rather confufion, than to learn thereout any thing certainly or perfectly, like as those that dwell every where and remain certainly in no place, fuch do dwell no where, nor are any where at home. And like as in company we ufe not daily the community of all good friends, but of fome few selected, even fo likewise ought we to accuftom ourfelves to the beft books, and to make the fame familiar unto us, that is, to have them, as we ufe to fay, at our finger's ends. (Luther's Table Talk, p. 507.) "Nihil æque fanitatem impedit, quam remediorum crebra mutatio. Diftrahit animum librorum multitudo. Itaque cum legere non poffis quantum habueris, fat eft habere quantum legas. Sed modo, inquis, hunc librum evolvere, modo illum. Faftidientis ftomachi multa deguftare: Quæ, ubi varia funt et diverfa, inquinant, non alunt. Probatos itaque femper lege: Et fi quando ad alios divertere libuerit, ad priores redi." (Seneca Epiftola. II.)

Thomas Aquinas, usually styled "The Angelic Doctor," and "The Eagle of Divines," was the great luminary of the fcholaftic world, in the fourteenth century. He first introduced the philofophy of Aristotle, in direct oppofition to several divines, and particularly to the Roman Pontiffs. It was ufual, at that time, to compofe and publish fums, or systematical collections of virtues and vices. "The Second Part of the Sum of Thomas Aquinas was wholly employed in laying down the principles of morality, and in deducing and illuftrating the various duties that refult from them." (Mofcheim's Ecclef. Hift. Vol. III. p. 102.) "Not"withstanding the ridicule, which, in these days, attends the mere mention of the Angelic "Doctor, I will venture to affirm," fays an eminent writer of the prefent age, "That in that "work The Summa Theologica of Thomas Aquinas,' there are, mixed indeed with many "difficult fubtleties and perverse interpretations of scripture, not a few theological questions "of great moment, stated with clearness and judgment."

• "Tully's Offices,' a book which boys read and men understand, was so esteemed of my Lord Burleigh, that, to his dying day, he always carried it about him, either in his bofom or his pocket, as a complete piece, that, like Ariftotle's Rhetoric,' would make both a scholar and an honest man." (Lloyd's State Worthies.)-En itaque quem in hoc fcriptionis genere ducem fequaris illum olim in Academiâ Oxonienfi Theologiæ Profefforem regium, SANDERSONUM: Hominem in primis dialecticum, neque vero minus oratorem: Qui horridiorem illam fcholafticorum axpißiar, elegantiæ cujufdam novæ et fingularis condimento temperatam

exhibuit;

"-book." And told him alfo, "The learned Civilian Doctor Zouch (who "died lately) had writ "Elementa Jurifprudentiæ;" which was a book "that he thought he could alfo fay without book; and that no wife man "could read it too often, or love, or commend it too much:" And he told him "the ftudy of thefe had been his toil; but for himself, he always had a natural love to genealogies and heraldry; and that when his thoughts "were haraffed with any perplexed ftudies, he left off, and turned to them as a recreation; and that his very recreation had made him fo perfect in "them, that he could in a very short time give an account of the descent, arms, and antiquity of any family of the nobility or gentry of this nation." Before I give an account of his laft ficknefs, I defire to tell the reader, that he was of a healthful conftitution, cheerful and mild, of an even temper, very moderate in his diet', and had had little fickness, till fome few years before his death; but was then every winter punished with a diarrhoea, which left him not till warm weather returned and removed it: And this diftemper did, as he grew older, feize him oftener, and continue longer with him. But though it weakened him, yet it made him rather indifpofed than fick, and did no way difable him from ftudying (indeed too much). In this decay of his ftrength, but not of his memory or reafon (for this diftemper works not upon the understanding), he made his laft will, of which I fhall give some account for confirmation of what has been faid, and what I think convenient to be known, before I declare his death and burial.

He

exhibuit; ita ut de qualibet re fubjectâ apté, distincté, graviter, nec inornaté verba faceret. Unde illi hæc eximia dicendi facultas accefferit rogas? Inde nimirum unde eandem et ipfe facilé poffis depromere. Verfabatur ille in M. T. Ciceronis Operibus non quidem oratoriis, quæ plus admirationis, quam imitationis habere videbantur, fed in philofophicis; quippe ad ufus morales communefque magis attemperatis: Hæc ille continuo legere, relegere, eorum fuccum atque fanguinem haurire, in fcripta fua transfundere. Itaque illi verborum neque delectus neque copia deerat." (Dr. John Burton's Addrefs to the Reader, prefixed to his Latin tract, entitled "Samuel.")

"In his apparel none more plain; in his diet none more temperate, eating,' as he would fay, rationally, only for health and life: One meal a-day fufficed him, with fome fruit at night in his fleep none more fparing; eleven or twelve at night being his ufual time of going to rest, five, or very rarely fix, the hour of his rifing." (Reason and Judgment, p. 16.)