2 Captains of Infantry. 2 Lieutenants of Infantry. 2 Employés belonging to the Administration. 6 Messengers. To show the great importance of the Fourth Section, it will only be necessary to state that the disbursements of the government for Military Education in Austria for the current year are estimated at £281,440, (2,814,400 florins,) without taking into consideration the sums contributed for foundations by provinces, districts, and private individuals, or of those received for the education of paying students. This sum of 2,814,400 florins is apportioned in the following manner So that the annual cost to the state for the education of an officer student, cadet, non-commissioned officer, and boy in these various schools is as follows: A Non-Commissioned Officer at the Teachers' School,. 36 12 0 26 12 28 6 29 14 0 25 14 0 And thus, as the course of instruction is continued for four years in the Cadet Houses, four years in the Academies, and two years in the Staff School, the cost of training the Officers in the Austrian Army is From the Bureau of this Section at Vienna all orders for the management, maintenance, discipline, studies, and regulation of the various Schools and Academies are issued; and all details relating to the progress of the several students and the results of their examinations are periodically sent and regularly examined. THE IMPERIAL INSTITUTIONS FOR MILITARY EDUCATION.* The Imperial institutions for Military Education, are divided into Three Classes. They are A. Such Institutions as are immediately intended for the education of pupils as Non-commissioned Officers; namely, (1.) The Lower Military Houses of Education. B. Institutions in which it is intended to educate pupils as Officers; namely, (1.) The Cadet Institutions. (2.) The Military Academies. *The following account is translated from “Die Kaiserlich-Königlichen Militär-BildungsAnstalten, mit besonderer Rücksicht auf die Vorschriften für den Eintritt in dieselben, Zusammengestellt aus den allerhöchst sanctionirten Reglements der Militär-Bildungs-Anstalten. Wien, 1854." (The Imperial Military Institutions for Education, with special reference to the conditions required for admission, compiled from the regulations sanctioned by His Majesty. Vienna, 1854.) C. Such Institutions as partly give a special kind of instruction, and partly complete and carry out the previous education of Officers. These are (1.) The Institution for Military Teachers. (2.) The Higher Course for the Artillery and Engineers. (3.) The War School. In the institutions of the first and second class, education as well as instruction is given, but those of the third class are limited to instruction; accordingly, all that is said in the following pages with regard to the admission of pupils, and with regard to beneficial foundations, has no reference to institutions of the third class. Although each of the first-named classes forms a complete whole in itself, yet they stand in close mutual relation to each other, inasmuch as the most distinguished pupils of the Lower Houses of Education pass into the Cadet Institutions; and in the same way the most distinguished scholars of the Scientific School Companies, viz., those of the Artillery, Engineers, Pioneers, Flotilla, and Marine Schools, may be transferred as attendant pupils to the Academies; by this means they may obtain a right to a position in the Army as Officers. So, on the other hand, insufficient progress may be a reason for scholars being removed from the Cadet Institutions and the Academies into the Upper Houses of Education and the School Companies. By these regulations a road is opened for the advancement of any talent that may gradually develop itself; and at the same time the pupils of the Institutions for Higher Military Education are submitted to that process of elimination which is requisite for the success of these Institutions. The pupils in the Institutions for Military Education are either foundation pupils, or paying pupils; the first are divided into the * Techniche (technical) is the original word. Compare its use in another matter; there are in the Artillery two services, the ordinary Campaigning Artillery and the Technical Artillery. + Frequentanten, who frequent, attend, or visit the school. Stiftlinge, foundationers, and Zahlende, paying pupils, the first divided into, (1.) Militär. Ararial foundationers, who are, as a rule, sons of Soldiers and Officers, and are maintained at the expense of the Military Treasury, the Arar, or Ærarium; (2.) Provincial foundationers, who are maintained by the interest of lands or money granted in favor of young men belonging to some particular province, Bohemia, Gallicia, the Tyrol, Upper or Lower Austria, either by the Central Government (the State,) or by the Estates or Parliament (Stände) of the province; (3.) Private foundationers, under which name are included not only those maintained by moneys left by private individuals, but those also whose payments come from grants made by municipal and local corporations. military or treasury foundation pupils, and the provincial and private foundation pupils. The military or treasury places belong to the army; the claim for these depends upon the nature of the institution and the position of the parents. As a general rule, it may be laid down that children of officers are expected to remain up to eleven years of age under the care of their parents, whereas those of common soldiers may in the eighth year of their age be taken under the protection. of the State. The provincial foundations are bestowed upon the sons of the nobility, or of distinguished employés of the state belonging to the crown lands of the province. Private foundations are those established by private individuals or corporations, and the appointment to these depends upon the conditions laid down by the founder. The capital or property of these foundations is generally administered by the Supreme War Department.* Every Austrian subject may claim admission as a paying pupil, if the other conditions of admission are fulfilled in his case. In the Lower Houses of Education there are only military or treasury places. In the Upper Houses of Education there are 1,800 military places; the remaining 600 are filled up by pupils upon provincial or private foundations, and by paying pupils. In the School Companies the number of the foundation places and paying places is not fixed. In the Cadet Institutions and the Academies there are 900 full and 200 half military places, and 520 places for pupils on provincial and private foundations, and for paying pupils.† A sum to cover the expenses is fixed in the case of the pupils on the provincial and private foundations, as also for the paying pupils, amounting in the Houses of Education and in the School Companies to 150 florins (157.) per annum; in the Cadet Houses to 400 florins (407.) per annum; in the Academies 600 florins (607.) for each of the three first years, and 800 florins (801.) for the last year. These payments will be subject to modifications, at considerable intervals of time, according to the price of articles of consumption, and will be drawn in the case of the pupils on the provincial foundations *The Ober-Militär Commando, or Commandership-in-chief, the Fourth Section of which has the charge of Military Education. Commando is the German word corresponding to Commander, as Ministry does to Minister, and may signify one or more persons, a single Officer, or a Board of Commissioners. ↑ Making a total of 1,620, to which may be added about 80, reserved for Frequentanten from the School Companies. from the funds of the respective provinces, and in the case of the pupils of the private foundations, from the moneys belonging to the private foundations. The capital for the provincial and private foundations must be duly secured and sufficient in amount to cover the fixed payments for the number of places determined upon. Supposing the sum contributed to be insufficient, the requisite sums must be obtained by deferring any further nominations.* The proper sums in discharge of these contributions must be paid in advance, half-yearly, on the 1st of October and the 1st of April. Those which belong to the provincial foundations, and such private ones as are administered by trustees, must be paid into the nearest Military Chest. In the case of those pupils who pay for themselves, the money must be sent precisely on the above-mentioned days to the Commandant, or Director of the School, without reference to the day on which the pupil may have entered the school. On the other hand, in cases where a pupil either is removed from or otherwise quits the institution before the natural time, restitution will be made of the corresponding proportion of the sum paid in advance. For admission into a Military Educational Institution, the boy must first of all be of the age specified for the institution in question, and must further possess the proper bodily growth and strength corresponding to that age, and the prescribed amount of knowledge. Every boy who is to be offered as a candidate for a military place must first be registered, and this in the course of the same year for which his admission is desired. This registration must be made by the parents or guardians through the Commanding Officers of the Army, or Army-Corps, or Military Governments within whose district they are domiciled, or in case of their living in foreign parts, through the Austrian Legation of the country. Applications thus made must state what is the institution, admission into which is desired, and must be accompanied by the following certificates:-1. Baptismal certificate. 2. Certificate of vaccination. 3. Certificate of bodily health, by a Military Surgeon. 4. *The interest, that is, will be allowed to accumulate, until a sufficient sum is provided to pay for the maintenance of a pupil. † Such as exist in most large towns. There are four Armies; the First in the west, with its head-quarters at Vienna; the Second in Italy, with its head-quarters at Verona; and two others in the eastern provinces. Each of these is divided into a certain number of Army-Corps. The particulars may be seen in Schematismus or Military Calendar, and briefly in the Almanach de Gotha. § In those parts of the Empire, namely, in the so-called Military Frontiers, the old Turkish border, where the government is simply military. |