Geological Biology: An Introduction to the Geological History of OrganismsH. Holt and Company, 1895 - 395 стор. |
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Сторінка x
... estimate , 48. - Corrections and elements of uncertainty in these esti- mates - Estimates of actual length of time highly hypothetical , 49.— Systems the standard units of geological chronology - Geologic Eras and Times and their names ...
... estimate , 48. - Corrections and elements of uncertainty in these esti- mates - Estimates of actual length of time highly hypothetical , 49.— Systems the standard units of geological chronology - Geologic Eras and Times and their names ...
Сторінка xi
... estimates - Relative order of deposits in relation to depression and elevation , 73. - Order of deposits with a sinking land - Order of deposits with elevation of land , 74.— Characteristic fossils , 75. - Summary , 76 . CHAPTER V ...
... estimates - Relative order of deposits in relation to depression and elevation , 73. - Order of deposits with a sinking land - Order of deposits with elevation of land , 74.— Characteristic fossils , 75. - Summary , 76 . CHAPTER V ...
Сторінка 22
... estimate time - relations by bio- logical data , Lyell , like his contemporaries , considered species to be sharply defined natural groups , and therefore it was that the relations between a fossil fauna and its recent repre- sentatives ...
... estimate time - relations by bio- logical data , Lyell , like his contemporaries , considered species to be sharply defined natural groups , and therefore it was that the relations between a fossil fauna and its recent repre- sentatives ...
Сторінка 44
... estimated to have been not less than 32,000 or 35,000 feet . † Columbia River Lava Outflow . - At the close of the Miocene a great outflow of lava in the northwestern part of the United States took place , and continued with ...
... estimated to have been not less than 32,000 or 35,000 feet . † Columbia River Lava Outflow . - At the close of the Miocene a great outflow of lava in the northwestern part of the United States took place , and continued with ...
Сторінка 45
... estimates is shown by the fact that different authors reach such divergent results from the same data . The time taken in the cutting of Niagara gorge is estimated by Upham to be 6000 to 10,000 years , by Spencer ( 1894 ) to be at least ...
... estimates is shown by the fact that different authors reach such divergent results from the same data . The time taken in the cutting of Niagara gorge is estimated by Upham to be 6000 to 10,000 years , by Spencer ( 1894 ) to be at least ...
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Загальні терміни та фрази
adaptation adjustment Ammonites ancestry animals appearance brachidium Brachiopods calcareous called Cambrian Carboniferous cell Cenozoic characteristic classification conditions of environment continuous corals Cretaceous curve Cuvier Darwin definite deposits Devonian differentiation distinct distinguished distribution divisions elaboration Eocene epoch estimate evidence evolution expressed facts families faunas floras formations fossils function fundamental Gastropoda genera genus geographical Goniatites growth Helicopegmata history of organisms individual organism Jurassic lamellæ life-period limestone living lobes marine ment Mesozoic Metazoa Miocene modification Mollusca morphological characters mutability mutability of species natural selection nomenclature observed Ordovician origin of species Paleontology Paleozoic particular period present preserved rank recognized region relation represented result sediments separate shell Silurian specific characters specimen spiral Spirifer stage strata structure suborder succession surface suture term Tertiary theory thickness time-ratios time-scale tion Triassic valve variation ventral Zittel Zoantharia zone
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Сторінка 196 - There is grandeur in this view of life, with its several powers, having been originally breathed by the Creator into a few forms or into one; and that, whilst this planet has gone cycling on according to the fixed law of gravity, from so simple a beginning endless forms most beautiful and most wonderful have been, and are being evolved.
Сторінка 196 - These laws, taken in the largest sense, being Growth with Reproduction ; Inheritance which is almost implied by reproduction; Variability from the indirect and direct action of the conditions of life, and from use and disuse...
Сторінка 195 - Analogy would lead me one step further, namely, to the belief that all animals and plants are descended from some one prototype. But analogy may be a deceitful guide.
Сторінка 14 - He was a Fellow of the Royal Societies of London and Edinburgh, member of the Royal Irish Academy, and of...
Сторінка v - Two conclusions are now generally accepted : The first is, that the most complete evidence of evolution is afforded by paleontology. Huxley's vigorous affirmation, that the primary and direct evidence in favor of evolution can be furnished only by paleontology, has been greatly strengthened by recent discoveries. The second is, that biological evolution has been primarily dependent on physical and geological changes. It may not be unprofitable for us as zoologists to pass in review some of the revolutions...
Сторінка 324 - The evolution of a family like the Titanotheres presents an uninterrupted march in one direction. While apparently prosperous and attaining a great size, it was really passing into a great corral of inadaptation to the grasses which were introduced in the middle Miocene. So with other families and lesser lines, extinction came in at the end of a term of development and high specialization. With other families no causes for extinction can be assigned, as in the lopping off of the smaller Miocene perissodactyls.
Сторінка 154 - Life is purely a physical phenomenon. All the phenomena of life depend on mechanical, physical, and chemical causes, which are inherent in the nature of matter itself. The simplest animals and the simplest plants, which stand at the lowest point in the scale of organization, have originated and still originate by spontaneous generation.
Сторінка 19 - NECESSITY dictates the adoption of some system, so far as respects the classification and arrangement of names. The Wernerian seems to be the most suitable, first, because it is the most perfect and extensive in its general outlines — and secondly, the nature and relative situation of the minerals in the United States, whilst they are certainly the most extensive of any field yet examined, may perhaps be found the most correct elucidation of the general accuracy of that theory, so far as respects...