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ROUSSEAU (J. J.): 100 n., 104 n.,
133, 134, 141, 161, 167 n., 168
(Rousseau and Mandeville)
181 Note, state of nature 186,
Swiss ideal 187, influence on
Godwin 199, 200, 203, (Kant)
279, (Fichte) 285, (Hegel)
311, 317, 322, 333, 363.
Roux on organs of animals 360 n.
RUGE (Arnold): 335-
Russia (Hegel in): 329.

SADLER (Michael T.): 218.
Saint Simonians: 239, 329, 333.
Savage and civilized man: 93, 94,

138, 154, 181 Note, 207 (cf.
213), 259, 349.

SAX (Prof. Emil): 18 n., 180 n.,
219 n., 316 n.

SAY (J. B.): 218, 309, 331.

SMITH (Adam): 6, 15 n., equal
distribution of happiness 61,
on wealth 92, improvements
93, natural liberty 96, original
state of things 101, relation
to Hutcheson 113, more in-
dividualist than Hume 116,
on labour 118, predecessors
129, 130, 140 n., Book II.
ch. viii. passim, 185, 195, use
of "law" and "principle"
194, followers 199, relation
to Godwin 200, 201, 205 seq.,
to Malthus 210 seq., to Ben-
tham 215, 216, 221, to J. S.
Mill 240, 241, 258, to Kant
270, 271, 275, 276, 309,
(Proudhon) 331, (Marx) 339,
(Hegel) 221, summary 382
seq.

Sceptic: (Hume's) 113, 116 (cf. Social or customary 'morality:

125).

SCHÄFFLE (Prof. A.): 299.

SCHELLE (G.): 135, 138, 144,

145.

SCHELLING (F. W. J.): 298.
SCHILLER: 317 n.
SCHMIDT (Oskar): 361 n.
SCHMOLLER (Prof. G.): 156 n.,
295 n.

School life (Hegel) 308.
SCHULZE-DELITZSCH: 353.
Selection sexual 360; natural, see
Nature.

SENIOR (W. N.): 258.
SHAFTESBURY (Lord): 109, 380.
SHELLEY (P. B.): 200 n.
SIDGWICK (Prof. Henry): 218.
SIEYES (Abbé): 335 n.
Silver: the best money (Kant)

275. See also Money.
SIMONIDES: 26.

Sin and atonement: (Ad. Smith)

182.

SKARZYNSKI (Dr. W.): 181 Note.
Slavery (Plato) 21, 27, 28, 29,

(Aristotle)34, 36, 376, replaced
by machines 35, (Stoics) 49,
(Christianity) 53, 353, (More)
64, (Grotius) 74 (cf. 107 n.),
141, (Hegel) 303, 315, 374,
(Engels) 349, 350.

(Hegel) 307.

Social Science: (J. S. Mill) 240

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and V. passim.

:

Books IV.

Society spontaneous growth 5,
15, (Plato) 23, 24, ruled by
custom 25, 26, distinct from
state 30, 46, (Epicureans) 48,
Stoics 50, (Grotius) 72, 73,
75, (Locke) 96, 99, 100,
(Hume) 121, (Physiocrats)
139, (Ad. Smith) 148, 159
seq., 163, 174, 179, spon-
taneous 184, (Rousseau) 185,
relation to rights 188, (God-
win) 200 seq., (Bentham) 228,
(J. S. Mill) 259, (Kant) 272,
(Hegel) 310 seq.

SOCRATES: II, 18, 21, 36 n., 47,
48.

Sophists: 16, 72 n., 78.
SPENCER (Herbert): 16, 196 Note,
218, 300, 362, 389.
SPINOZA: 60, 76, 86, cf. 388.
Sponte acta: 24, 85 (cf. 96), 102,

123, 124, 133, 215, 220, 221,
252, 309, 318, 363, 372, cf.

394.
Standard of comfort: (More) 64,

65, (Malthus) 212, 213,
(Fichte) 288. See also Ne-

cessaries.

State: as distinguished from
Society 5, 15, 24, 30, 46, 50,
State a necessary develop-
ment 43, from contract
(Epicurus) 49, Christian and
Stoic 51, analogy of body
and members (Grotius and
Hobbes) 52, 74 seq., 79, not
like household 81, (cf. 41),
(Harrington) 86, (Locke) 98
seq., 378, (Hume) 121, (Ad.
Smith) 148, 174 seq., 178,
(Rousseau) 185, in relation
to rights 188, 189, (Kant)
272 seq., (Fichte) 281, State
as educator 296, (Hegel) 308,
310 seq., struggle of States 366.
Statistics: (Kant) 277, (Fichte) 289.
STAHL (F. J.): 75, 100 n.
STEUART (Sir James): 137 n., 146,

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Usury (Plato) 22, (Aristotle) 38,
(Canon law) 53, (More) 65,
(Bacon) 67, (Grotius) 76,
(Harrington) 89, (Bentham)
215.
Utility: final 219, 299.
Utilitarianism: ancient 49, 72,
modern (Hobbes etc.) 85, 86,
(Locke) 98, theological 103,
104, (Hume) 108, 122 seq.,
(Ad. Smith against) 164, 167,
168, (Godwin) 201, (Malthus)
207, 209, 212, 213, Book III.
ch. ii. passim, (J. S. Mill) 247
seq., 261, sum of pleasures
380, 385 seq.

Utopias not at all times alike 64,
210, in contrast with scien-
tific socialism 329, 331 (cf.
345, 346, 387).

Value (Plato) 20, 21, (Aristotle)
37, 40, (Grotius) 74, (Hobbes)
82, 83, (Locke) 94 seq.,
(Hume) 118 seq., (Quesnay)
137, 138, (Ad. Smith) 156,
158, 384, (Ricardo) 212 (cf.
74), 368, 387, (Malthus) 212,

E E

(Bentham) 215, (J. S. Mill)
246 seq., (Kant) 275, (Fichte)
288 seq., (Hegel) 303, in rela-
tion to property 369, in latest
economics 386, 391 (cf. 369),
in terms of theology (Proud-
hon) 331 n., (Marx) 336, 341.
Surplus Value: Book V.
1. passim.
VAUBAN (Sebastian): 133.
Venice: ballot etc. 87 seq.
VERRI (Pietro): 137 n., 218.
Vices: public benefits. See Man-
deville.

VICO (J. B.): 364.

Virtues intellectual (Hume) 124

(cf. 108), 172 (cf. 201).
VOIGT (Moritz): 72 n.
VOLTAIRE (Arouet de): 141, 186.

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(Fichte) 281, 292, (Hegel)
321, 322 (cf. 79 n.). See also
Hobbes, Grotius.
WATT (James): 183 Note.
Wealth: (Plato) 12 seq., (Aristotle)

32 seq., (Epicurus) 48, (Stoics)
50, (Christianity) 53, (Machi-
avelli) 60, (More) 62 seq.,
(Hobbes) 84, (Harrington)
87, (Locke) 91 seq., (Hume)
107, desire of III, wealth not
happiness (Hume) 112, 113,
(Quesnay) 135 seq., (Ad.
Smith) 153 (cf. 161), not
happiness (ib.) 172, abstractly
considered 178, (James Mill)
230, (J. S. Mill) 245, 248,
(Marx) 341, 379, in view of
development 362, 368.
Women (Plato) 28, 376, (Aris-
totle) 35, (Stoics) 49, (Con-
dorcet) 204, (Bentham and J.
S. Mill) 240, 387 (cf. Hume
121, 125, 126), (Kant) 272 n.,
(Engels) 349, 350.
XENOPHON: 18 n., 21 n., on divi-
sion of labour 31 Note.

ZELLER (Prof. Eduard): 48 n., 49.
ZEYSS (Dr. R.): 181 Note.

ZUCKERKANDL (Dr. Robert): 97n.

Butler & Tanner, The Selwood Printing Works, Frome, and London.

ERDMANN'S HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY.

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NOTICES OF THE PRESS.

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"A SPLENDID monument of patient labour, critical acumen, and admirable methodical treatment. . It is not too much to predict that, for the library of the savant, for the academical student, whose business it is to be primed in the wisdom of the ages, and for the literary dilettante, who is nothing if not well up in 'things that everybody ought to know,' these volumes will at once become a necessity for purposes, at least, of reference, if not of actual study. . . We possess nothing that can bear any comparison with it in point of completeness."Pall Mall Gazette.

"It is not necessary to speak of the great merits of Erdmann's History of Philosophy. Its remarkable clearness and comprehensiveness are well known. The translation is a good, faithful rendering, and in some parts even reaches a high literary level."-Professor JOHN WATSON, in The Week, of Canada. "It is matter of real congratulation, in the dearth still of original English or American work over the whole field of historical philosophy, that by the side of the one important German compend of this generation, the other, so well fitted to serve as its complement, is now made accessible to the English-speaking student."Mind.

"It has been long known, highly esteemed, and in its successive editions has sought to make itself more worthy of the success it has justly achieved. Erdmann's work is excellent. His history of medieval philosophy especially deserves attention and praise for its comparative fulness and its admirable scholarship. It must prove a valuable and much-needed addition to our philosophical

works."-Scotsman.

"The combination of qualities necessary to produce a work of the scope and grade of Erdmann's is rare. Industry, accuracy, and a fair degree of philosophic understanding may give us a work like Ueberweg's; but Erdmann's history, while in no way superseding Ueberweg's as a hand book for general use, yet occupies a different position. Erdmann wrote his book, not as a reference book, to give in brief compass a digest of the writings of various authors, but as a genuine history of philosophy, tracing in a genetic way the development of thought in its treatment of philosophic problems. Its purpose is to develop philosophic intelligence rather than to furnish information. When we add that, to the successful execution of this intention, Erdmann unites a minute and exhaustive knowledge of philosophic sources at first hand, equalled over the entire field of philosophy probably by no other one man, we are in a condition to form some idea of the value of the book. To the student who wishes, not simply a general idea of the course of philosophy, nor a summary of what this and that man has said, but a somewhat detailed knowledge of the evolution of thought, and of what this and the other writer have contributed to it, Erdmann is indispensable; there is no substitute.”—Professor JOHN DEWEY, in The Andover Review.

"It is a work that is at once compact enough for the ordinary student, and full enough for the reader of literature. At once systematic and interesting."— Journal of Education.

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"The translation into English of Erdmann's History of Philosophy is an important event in itself, and in the fact that it is the first instalment of an undertaking of great significance for the study of philosophy in this country. Apart, however, from its relation to the Library to which it is to serve as an introduction, the translation of Erdmann's History of Philosophy is something for which the English student ought to be thankful. A History of past endeavours, achievements, and failures cannot but be of great use to the student. Such a History, able, competent, trustworthy, we have now in our hands, adequately and worthily rendered into our mother-tongue."-Spectator.

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