Labour hours in Utopia 63, cause of value (Locke) 94, connec- tion with property (Locke) 99 seq. (cf. 93, 127), individual's labour helped by society 102, other than physical (Hume) 116, source of wealth (Hume) 117, measure of value (Ad. Smith) 157, 158, a commodity (Ad. Smith) 158, productive and reverse 161, in relation to government (James Mill) 230 seq., 386, (J. S. Mill) 254, "attractive 255 seq., hours of labour (J. S. Mill) 264, labour and property (Kant) 273 seq., labour and food (Fichte) 288 seq., (Hegel) 311 (cf. 303), (Marx) 341 seq., (Lassalle) 351 seq., right to labour 145, 192, 193. Labourers (Plato) 17, 21, (Aris-
totle) 35 seq., living from hand to mouth (Locke) 96, not lauded by Physiocrats 139, as inventors 365, as chief class in State 368 seq. See also Arts, Division, Produc- tion, Wages. Laissez-faire: truth in 103, 394,
(Physiocrats) 145, 185, (Ad. Smith) 175, (Paine and Bent- ham) 188, 189, not a "law" 194 (cf. 258), (Spencer) 196, (James Mill) 233 seq., (J. S. Mill) 257, 258, 263, 264, (Hegel) 313. LANGE (F. A.): 265 Note. Language: origin 155 n., cf. 183,
language of trade (Kant) 276. Land: balance determining power (Harrington) 88, taxes ulti- mately resting on land (Locke) 95, specially treated (James Mill) 234, (J. S. Mill) 255- 7, not peculiar (Hegel) 303, (Marx) 342. See also Physio- crats, Nationalizing. LASSALLE (Ferdinand): 350 seq., 371, 392. LAVELEYE (E. de): 265. LAW (John): 97 n., 134, 146.
Law, International: 71, 73, 74,
232 n., 317, 321, 322, 386. Law and Morality: (Kant) 271, (Hegel) 305 seq., (Fichte) 283, 388-9. See also Justice. Law: in economics 141 n., 193 seq., 212, 344, 387, 390, in physics 358. Laws due to human imperfec- tion (Plato) 25, bad laws not wholly fatal (Plato) 26, edu- cative (Aristotle) 43, not always indispensable 44, divine and natural (Chris- tianity) 55, natural (Grotius) 72 seq., of nations (Grotius) 71, standard of justice (Hobbes) 79 (but cf. 84), natural (Locke) 95, 96, laws and property (Locke) 101, (Physiocrats) 139 seq., 195, .(Ad. Smith) 170, commercial law 190, in view of develop-
ment 364. See also Nature, Jurisprudence, Justice. Leagues and law of Nature 75. LEIBNITZ (G. W.): 86 Note, 352 n., 359 n. Leisure (Aristotle) 32, 33, 34,
(More) 63, 65, (Hume and Locke) 112, right to have leisure 193 seq., 202, 206, 368, 384.
LESER (Prof. E.): 153 n., 181 Note. LESLIE (Cliffe): 121 n., 180, 196. LETOURNEAU (Prof. Charles); 255 n. LEWIS (G. C.): 184. Liberty (Plato) 17, 30, (Hobbes) 80, 83, "a necessary of life (J. S. Mill) 255 (cf. 263, 394), (Kant) 277, (Fichte and Krause) 298, (Hegel) 302, 303, 311, (Humboldt) 238. See also Nature. LIST (Friedrich): 133 n., 287 n. LIVY (Machiavelli): 60. LOCKE (John): 5, 76, 77, 90,
Book II. ch. v. passim, 103, 104, 112 n., 117, 127, 136, 139, 144, 146, 154, 185 seq., 199, 254, 269, 273, on gene- ration 363, 379.
LORIA (Prof. A.): 374 n. LORIMER (James): 30 n., 86, 196 Note, 297, 298 n., 389. LOWELL (J. R.): 89. LOWNDES (T.): 96.
MABLY (Abbé): 144 n., 346. MACAULAY (T. B.): 218 n., 227 n.,
232, 233 n., 239, 243 n., 261. MACCULLOCH (J. R.): 246, 258, MACHIAVELLI (N.): 60-62, 65. 71, 87, 377-
Machines: Ad. Smith's similes
151, 175, 183 Note, failure to benefit working classes (J. S. Mill) 257 n., epoch of (Proud- hon) 332, history ofà la Darwin (Marx) 364 (cf. 367). MACKENZIE (J. S.): 373 n. MACKINTOSH (James): 232. Madmen (cannot combine) 40. MAINE (H. S.): 85 n. MALEBRANCHE (N.): 145 Note,
MALTHUS (T. R.): 105, 141 n.,
150, 178, 196, Book III. ch. i. passim, 236, 237, 240 n., 245, 331, 334, 344, 357 seq., 383, 393.
MANDEVILLE (Bernard): 6, 93 n., 104, 107 seq., 118, 121, 154, 160, 171, 180, 181, 202, 380, 384.
MARCET (Mrs.): 242 n. MARSHALL (Prof. A.): 61 n.,
MENGER (Prof. Carl): 194 n.,
299 n. Mercantile theory: 5, 59, 69, 76, 89 (cf. 103), 118, Book II. ch. vii., 152-3, 162, 246, 378, 382 seq.
MERCIER DE LA RIVIÈRE: 134. Metaphysics: 85, 86, 110, 112, 119, 147, 269, 279, 300, 337, 384, 388.
Method of Political Economy: (J. S. Mill) 241 seq. See also Abstract Method. MIASKOWSKY (Prof. A.): 131 n. MICHELET (J.): 239.
Middle Classes: 68, 69, 70, 83 n.,
233, 234, 249, 258, 320, 370, 391, (bourgeoisie) 338, 339. MILL(James): Book III. ch. ii. 237,
238, 245, 247, 249, 260, 385. MILL (J. S.): 18 n., 73 n., 86, 161,
195, 212, 218, 221, 226, Book III. ch. iii. passim, 270, 386 seq.
MIRABEAU (Marquis de) (the Elder): 134.
Monarchy: (Hegel) 319. See also Absolute Monarchy. Money (Plato) 18, 22, (Aristotle) 37, (Machiavelli) 60, (More) 62 seq., (Bodin) 69, (Hobbes) 82, 83, (Locke) 92 seq., “im- aginary value" 97 n., helps accumulation IOI, 103, (Hume) 118, Mercantile theory 131 seq., (Quesnay) 135, 137, (Ad. Smith) 156, (J. S. Mill) 239, 258, 263, (Kant) 274 seq., (Fichte) 286, speculative prices 289, 290, (cf. 293), (Fichte and More) 290, (Hegel) 311, (Proudhon) 333, (Marx) 337, 341, 342, (Engels) 350, (Keary) 365. Money-making: (Plato) 13, 22, (Aristotle) 38, (Esthetic Socialists) 370 seq., 375. MONTAGUE (Prof. F. C.): 228 n. MONTCHRÉTIEN (A. de): 377- MONTESQUIEU (Charles): 67 n.,
125 n., 126, 134 n., 146, 148, 231 n., 381.
Moral Philosophy: (Ad. Smith) its four parts 147 seq. See also Ethics. MORE (Thomas): 62 seq., 69, 71, 85, 87, 146, 290, 292, 377. MORELLET (Abbé): 129 n. MORELLY: 144.
MORGAN (Lewis): 349, 367. MUIRHEAD (J. H.): 361 n. MUN (Thomas): 130, 146. Music of the Future, 371. Musical Combinations 262 n.
Nations, law of: (Grotius) 71 seq.
See also (International) Law. Nationalizing of the land: 142, and of capital 257, 368 seq. See also Land.
Nature: and custom 25, 43, nature limiting wants 13, natural rights 6, 27, natural produc- tion 37, nature goal not starting-point 41, Greek view of 42, natural justice (Aris- totle) 43, (Stoics) 49, 50, (Canon Law) 52, nature pre- fers many things to gold and silver (More) 63, follow nature (Bodin) 68, 69, natural desires (Locke) 91, eternal law and nature of things (ib.) 92 (cf. 98), natural value (ib.) 95, natural interest (ib.) 96, follow nature (ib.) 98, nature and natural in arguments (Hume) 123, permanent elements in human nature (Hume) 125 (cf. 156), natural right and natural order (Physiocrats) 137, 140, natural rules of justice (Ad. Smith) 148, natural liberty (ib.) 162, 234 (cf. 96, 383), nature makes individuals not groups (ib.) 165, corrected by man (ib.) 170, nature's means (ib.) 170, natural jurisprudence (Ad. Smith) 177, 179, nature versus reason (ib.) 177, natural price (ib.) 177, natural rights 235, Nature (J. S. Mill) 249 seq., 259, (Kant) 270, 272, 278,
(Fichte) 284 seq., (Krause) 297, 298, natural rights (Hegel) 314, natural laws of Econom- ists (Marx) 338, natural selec- tion 174, 357 seq., 393, 394. Law of Nature: (Berkeley) 104, natural course of things (Hume) 107, natural laws (Ad. Smith) 172. See also Grotius.
State of Nature: (Grotius) 75, (Hobbes) 79, 378, (Hooker) 75, 76 (cf. 41), (Locke) 99, (Hume) 122, (Hegel) 322. See also Book II. ch. ix. passim. Necessaries and luxuries: (Plato) 13, 46, 374, (Aristotle) 33, (Epi- curus) 48, (Machiavelli) 60, (More) 62, 64, (Grotius) 74, (Hobbes) 84, (Harrington) 88, (Locke) 96, (Hume) 107, 116, 117, 125, 384, (Mandeville) 107 seq., 384, (Quesnay) 135, (Ad. Smith) 153, 154, 159, 162, 170, 171, 172, 383, (God- win) 202, (Malthus) 212, 213, (Fichte) 288 seq., (Hegel) 310, in view of Development 362, 368. NETTLESHIP (Lewis): 14 n. NICHOLSON (E. B.): 189 n.
Obligation perfect and imperfect 86, 271.
ONCKEN (Dr. August): 134 n.,
169 n., 170 n., 182, 270. Open career: 17, 30, 34. See Nature (natural liberty). Organism and organization (Kant)
Parliamentary representation: (J.
S. Mill) 261, 262 (cf. 265 Note), (Hegel) 320. PATTEN (Prof. S. N.): 213 n. Penal laws: 298 n., 305, 312, 313. Perfectibility (Fichte) 281, (Hegel) 322, (Proudhon) 333-
also Condorcet, Godwin. PERRY (Prof. A. L.): 201 n. Personality (Stoics) 50, in rela- tion to property (Hegel) 303, to the body (Fichte) 284. PESTALOZZI (J. H.): 296. PETTY (William): 146. Philosophy described 3, relation
to economics etc. 4, 137, 147, science of connecting prin- ciples (Ad. Smith) 150, 383, systems like machines (ib.) 151, philosophy and sciences. (J. S. Mill) 241. Philosophical Radicals: 187, 203. Physiocrats 6, 76, 96, 117, Book
II. ch. vii. passim, 150, 151, 152, 154, 160, 161, 184, 187, 194, 374, 381 seq. Physiology 4, 16, 82, 83, 156 n., 243, 244, 251, 252, 279, 317, 362.
PITT (Wm., the Younger): 149 n.,
Plagiarisms: 106 n.
PLATO origin of State 5, econo:
mics Book I. ch. i. passim, two ideals in Republic 12, 14, 15 n., 17, 18, 28, ideal in Laws 22, 23, 24, 25, 28, (Aristotle on) 33, 43, 45, heavenly city 50 n., Christian counterparts to Guardians 52, 53, 54, (cf. 291), P. compared with More 62 seq., 67, “sponte acta" 85, government 90, 231, division of labour 95, 101, 155, City of Pigs 122, justice 127, 168, 381, philosopher kings 203, pseudo-temperance 206, pleasures differing in kind 247, human wants, 362. PLAYFAIR (William): 144. Pleasure and desire: (Hume) 110
seq., (Bentham) 225, and pain (Locke) 91, (Bentham) 216 seq., 385, (J. S. Mill) 247, 248, 386, (Kant) 270. PLECHANOFF (G.): 330 n. Political Economy: described 3, distinct study 3, 4, 81, 84, 85, 133, 144, 373, relation to cognate studies 4, 11, modern begins with taxation 59, de- scribed by Hume 105, con- cerned in metaphysical contro- versy 112, dealing with things "limited in supply" (Jones etc.) 120, touching philoso- phy 137, the name P. E. 137, branch of philosophy (Ad. Smith) 149, narrow and wide sense 151, 152, including theory of population 211, de- fined (J. S. Mill) 241 seq., schools of (Marx) 339, con- cerned with development 355. cf. 362 seq. See also Eco-
nomy, Classical Economists. Population: (Aristotle) 45, (More) 65, (Bodin) 68, (Hobbes) 84, English in 17th century 89 n., encouragements to (Harring- ton and Locke) 89, 94, (Berke- ley) 104, (Mercantile theory) 131, 132, (Physiocrats) 141, 142, (Ad. Smith) 158, 171, 172, relation to natural rights 191, (Godwin) 202 (cf. 205), (Con- dorcet) 204, (Malthus) 205 seq., (J. S. Mill) 244, 254, 255, 257 n., (Hegel) 314, (Proudhon) 334, (Marx) 344, (Darwin) 358, 360, 366. POSTE (E.): 29 n., 44 n. Primogeniture: (Hegel) 319. PRIOR (Matthew): 105. Production (Plato) 11, 14 seq.,
(Aristotle) 34 seq., (More) 63, (Locke) 93 seq., (Hume) 112 seq. (cf. 117 seq.), productive class (Physiocrats) 138, (Ad. Smith) 161, 171, (J. S. Mill) 249, 252, (Kant) 274 seq., (Fichte) 288, (Proudhon) 331, 334, (Marx) 340 seq., for sale
and for use 371 seq. (cf. 351), 391 (cf. 54), feudal 338. Productive labour 25, 136, 138, 161, cf. 363.
Profits (Marx) 343 (cf. 38). See also Interest, Usury. Proletariate: Book V. 1. II. passim (cf. 314).
Property (Plato) 22, 29, (Aris-
totle) 33, 45, (canon law) 52, 53, (More) 64, (Grotius) 73, (Hobbes) 82, (Harrington) 88, (Locke) 99 seq. (cf. 116), re- lation to value 120, (Hume) 121 seq., 126 seq., cf. 369, (Phy- siocrats) 140 seq., (Ad. Smith) 157, 158, 178, (Rousseau) 185, (Godwin) 202, (Bentham) 228, (James Mill) 231, 233, (J. S. Mill) 239, 254 seq., (Kant) 273 seq., (Fichte) 284 seq., 291, 292, (Hegel) 303 seq., (Proudhon) 332 seq., laws modifiable in future 394. Protection (J. S. Mill) 264,
(Fichte) 287 (cf. 133). Protestantism: 71, 372. PROUDHON (P. J.): 330 seq., 391. PRYME (George): 152 n. Psychology: 4, 6, (Plato) 28, 29,
(Aristotle) 42, (Locke) 91, (Hume) 110 seq., (cf. 120, 137), (Malthus) 212, (Ben- tham) 221, 225 seq., (James Mill) 230, (J. S. Mill) 245, 246, (Comte) 244 n., (Hegel) 301, study of motives 374, 380.
Public as consumer: 160. Public spirit as a motive: 107, 174, 206, 254, 262, 311, 320. PUFENDORF (Samuel): 76, 86
Note, 89 n., 223, 271. PULSZKY (Prof. A.): 361 n., 389 n.
QUESNAY (François): 134 seq.,
Race and individual: 277, 278, 388. RAE (John): 354 Note. RAYNAL (Abbé): 145, 209. READ (Samuel): 350 n.
Rebellion (Locke) 100. Reformation : 367, cf. 329. Religion and citizenship: 51 (see Christianity), religion and ethics in Adam Smith and Kant 182-3, 271, 318.
Religion, economics and politics: 332, 336, 347, 351, 364, 367. Renaissance: 55, 377. Rent (Physiocrats) 138, (Mal- thus) 212.
Revolution accomplished
Christianity 52, occasions of it 175. French (see France). Revolutionary socialism: 328 seq., 340, Hegel's method revolu tionary 328, 330, 347, 357, 372. RICARDO (David): 74, 81, 196,
212, 218, 223, 224 n., 236, 237, 246, 264, 309, 336, 339, 344, 345, 385, 387-8, 392. Right natural right 27 (cf. 78),
99, 139, 140, right to live 145, 209, Book II. ch. ix. passim, 284, notion of right (Krause) 297, rights of man, 6, 50, 97, cf. 368, Declaration of Rights 188, (Condorcet) 204," Acquired Rights" (Las-
salle) 351, 352.
RITCHIE (D.): 40, 101 n., 361 n. ROBERTSON (Fred.): 170 n. RODBERTUS: (Jagetzow) 18 n., 253,
RÖDER (R. D. A.): 297 n. ROGERS (Thorold): 344. Rome: Municipality 41, notion of personality 50, in conflict with Christianity 51, agra- rian laws 60, 125, popes as international mediators 71 (cf. 55), church as centralizing agency 317, 322, 372, Roman gens 349, testament 350, 352. ROMANES (G.): 155 n. ROSCHER (Prof. Wilhelm): (Bacon) 67 n., (excise, etc.) 83 n., (Pufendorf) 86, (Mercantile theory) 132 n., (Jacob) 242 n., deductive, 344.
« НазадПродовжити » |