Thrust the Forecastle-Adder

And the skiff out on the Ocean.

In the following verse it is called Lake as well: thus sang

Einarr:

The Lake doth bathe the vessel,

Where the sea 'gainst each side beateth,

And the bright wind-vanes rattle;

The surf washes the Flood-Steeds.

Here it is called Flood also. Thus sang Refr, as was said before:

Wintry One's' wet-cold Spae-Wife

Wiles the Bear of Twisted Cables
Oft into Ægir's wide jaws,

Where the angry billow breaketh.2

Deep, as Hallvardr sang:

The Sword-Shaker bids be pointed
The prow of the hardy ship-steed
Westward in the girdle
Of all lands, the Watery Deep.

Way, as here:

On our course from land we glided,
On the Way to the coast of Finland:
I see from the Ship's Road, eastward,
The fells with radiance gleaming.

Weir, as Egill sang:

'Gymir. See Gering, Die Edda, p. 53, note 2.

2 See page 138.

I sailed o'er the Weir

To the West: I bear
Odin's Heart-Sea.

So it stands with me.

Ocean, as Einarr sang:

Many a day the cold Ocean

Washes the swarthy deck-planks

'Neath the gracious Prince; and Snow-Storm Furrows Mona's Girdle.

Salt, as Arnórr sang:

The hardy King the Salt plowed
From the east with hull ice-laden:
Brown tempests tossed the Lessener
Of Surf-Gold toward Sigtún.

Furtherer, as Bölverkr sang:

Thou didst summon from fair Norway
A levy the next season,

With Din-Surf's ships the Furtherer
Didst shear; o'er decks the sea poured.

Here the sea is called Din-Surf also.
Wide One, as Refr sang:

To its breast the Stay's steed taketh
The Home of Planks, beak-furrowed,
And tosses the Wide One over
The hard side; the wood suffers.

Dusky One, as Njáll of the Burning sang:

We sixteen pumped, my Lady,

In four oar-rooms, but the surge waxed:
The Dusky One beat over

The hull of the driven sea-ship.

These are other names for the Sea, such as it is

use in periphrasing ships or gold.

proper to

"Rán, it is said, was Ægir's wife, even as is written here:

To the sky shot up the Deep's Gledes,
With fearful might the sea surged:
Methinks our stems the clouds cut,-
Rán's Road to the moon soared upward.

6

8

The daughters of Ægir and Rán are nine, and their names are recorded before: Himinglæva,' Dúfa,' Blódughadda,3 Hefring, Udr, Hrönn, Bylgja,' Dröfn, Kólga.' Einarr Skúlason recorded the names of six of them in this stanza, beginning:

Himinglæva sternly stirreth,

And fiercely, the sea's wailing.

10

Welling Wave, as Valgardr sang:

Foam rested in the Sea's bed:

Swollen with wind, the deep played,

'That through which one can see the heaven (Jónsson). 2 The Pitching One (Jónsson).

4 Riser.

3 Bloody-Hair.
7 Billow.

8 Foam-Fleck.

5 Frothing Wave. 6 Welling Wave.
9 Poetical term for Wave. "The Cool One" (Jónsson).

10 In the following stanzas, for the sake of consistency, I have been obliged to translate the names, since they are employed in the stanzas as common nouns,

And the Welling Waves were washing
The awful heads of the war-ships.

Billow, as Óttarr the Swarthy sang:

Ye shear with shaven rudder
Billows moisty-deep; the broad sheet,
Which girls spun, on the mast-head
With the Roller's Reindeer sported.

Foam-Fleck, as Ormr sang:

The hawk-like, heedful Lady
Has every virtue: Lofn

Of the Foam-Fleck's flame-gold, faithful
As a friend, all faults renounceth.

Wave-Borne, as Thorleikr the Fair sang:

The sea wails, and the Wave-Borne
Bears bright froth o'er the red wood,
Where gapes the Roller's Brown Ox,
With mouth gold-ornamented.

Shoal, as Einarr sang:

Nor met the Forward-Minded,

Where the fierce sea on our friends falls;

I think the Shoal becalmed not

-The Ship, Wood of the Waters.

Fullness, as Refr sang:

rather than as proper names. It is beyond my ability to translate Himinglava

briefly.

Downward the Fells of Fullness
Fall on the Bear of Tackle:
Now forward Winterling stirreth,
The ship, on Glammi's sea-path.

Comber,' as here:

The Comber fell headlong o'er me;
The Main called me home unto it:
I accepted not the Sea's bidding.

Breaker, as Óttarr

sang:

In burst the ship-sides thin;

Rushed the Breaker downward; flushed

Stood the wind, bane of the wood;
Men endured wild tempest then.

Wave, as Bragi sang:

The Giver of the Wave's Coals,
Who cut Thor's slender tackle,
The Line of the Land of Sea-Mews,
Loved not to fight the wroth sea.

Sound, as Einarr sang:

I sheared the Sound
From Hrund south-bound;
My hand was gold-wound
When the Giver I found.

1 So Cl.-Vig. Literally, the word means ominous, foreboder.