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come to pass both on earth and aloft. There is one abode called Hlidskjálf, and when Allfather sat in the high-seat there, he looked out over the whole world and saw every man's acts, and knew all things which he saw. His wife was called Frigg daughter of Fjörgvinn; and of their blood is come that kindred which we call the races of the Æsir, that have peopled the Elder Ásgard, and those kingdoms which pertain to it; and that is a divine race. For this reason must he be called Allfather: because he is father of all the gods and of men, and of all that was fulfilled of him and of his might. The Earth was his daughter and his wife; on her he begot the first son, which is Ása-Thor: strength and prowess attend him, wherewith he overcometh all living things.

X. "Nörfi or Narfi is the name of a giant that dwelt in Jötunheim: he had a daughter called Night; she was swarthy and dark, as befitted her race. She was given to the man named Naglfari; their son was Audr. Afterward she was wedded to him that was called Annarr; Jörd' was their daughter. Last of all Dayspring had her, and he was of the race of the Æsir; their son was Day: he was radiant and fair after his father. Then Allfather took Night, and Day her son, and gave to them two horses and two chariots, and sent them up into the heavens, to ride round about the earth every two half-days. Night rides before with the horse named Frosty-Mane, and on each morning he bedews the earth with the foam from his bit. The horse that Day has is called Sheen-Mane, and he illumines all the air and the earth from his mane."

1 Earth.

XI. Then said Gangleri: "How does he govern the course of the sun or of the moon?" Hárr answered: "A certain man was named Mundilfari, who had two children; they were so fair and comely that he called his son Moon, and his daughter Sun, and wedded her to the man called Glenr. But the gods were incensed at that insolence, and took the brother and sister, and set them up in the heavens; they caused Sun to drive those horses that drew the chariot of the sun, which the gods had fashioned, for the world's illumination, from that glowing stuff which flew out of Múspellheim. Those horses are called thus: Early-Wake and All-Strong; and under the shoulders of the horses the gods set two wind-bags to cool them, but in some records that is called 'iron-coolness.' Moon steers the course of the moon, and determines its waxing and waning. He took from the earth two children, called Bil and Hjúki, they that went from the well called Byrgir, bearing on their shoulders the cask called Sægr, and the pole Simul. Their father is named Vidfinnr. These children follow Moon, as may be seen from the earth."

XII. Then said Gangleri: "The sun fares swiftly, and almost as if she were afraid: she could not hasten her course any the more if she feared her destruction.” Then Hárr made answer: “It is no marvel that she hastens furiously: close cometh he that seeks her, and she has no escape save to run away." Then said Gangleri: "Who is he that causes her this disquiet?" Hárr replied: "It is two wolves; and he that runs after her is called Skoll; she fears him, and he shall take her. But he that leaps before her is called Hati Hródvitnisson. He is eager to seize the moon; and so it must be." Then said Gangleri: “What is the race of the

wolves?" Hárr answered: “A witch dwells to the east of Midgard, in the forest called Ironwood: in that wood dwell the troll-women, who are known as Ironwood-Women. The old witch bears many giants for sons, and all in the shape of wolves; and from this source are these wolves sprung. The saying runs thus: from this race shall come one that shall be mightiest of all, he that is named MoonHound; he shall be filled with the flesh of all those men that die, and he shall swallow the moon, and sprinkle with blood the heavens and all the air; thereof shall the sun lose her shining, and the winds in that day shall be unquiet and roar on every side. So it says in Völuspá:

Eastward dwells the Old One

in Ironwood,

And there gives birth to Fenrir's brethren;

There shall spring of them all

The moon's taker

a certain one,

in troll's likeness.

He is filled with flesh
Reddens the gods' seats
Swart becomes sunshine
The weather all shifty.

of fey men.

with ruddy blood-gouts;
in summers after,
Wit ye yet, or what?"

XIII. Then said Gangleri: "What is the way to heaven from earth?" Then Hárr answered, and laughed aloud: "Now, that is not wisely asked; has it not been told thee, that the gods made a bridge from earth to heaven, called Bifröst? Thou must have seen it; it may be that ye call it rainbow.' It is of three colors, and very strong, and made with cunning and with more magic art than other works of craftsmanship. But strong as it is, yet must it be broken, when the sons of Múspell shall go forth harrying

and ride it, and swim their horses over great rivers; thus they shall proceed." Then said Gangleri: "To my think- 37 ing the gods did not build the bridge honestly, seeing that it could be broken, and they able to make it as they would." Then Hárr replied: "The gods are not deserving of reproof because of this work of skill: a good bridge is Bifröst, but nothing in this world is of such nature that it may be relied on when the sons of Múspell go a-harrying."

XIV. Then said Gangleri: "What did Allfather then do
when Ásgard was made?" Hárr answered: "In the be-
ginning he established rulers, and bade them ordain fates
with him, and give counsel concerning the planning of
the town; that was in the place which is called Ida-field, in
the midst of the town. It was their first work to make that
court in which their twelve seats stand, and
er, the
high-seat which Allfather himself has. T
e is the
best-made of any on earth, and the greate.without and
within, it is all like one piece of gold; men call it Glads-
heim. They made also a second hall: that was a shrine
which the goddesses had, and it was a very fair house; men
call it Vingólf. Next they fashioned a house, wherein they
placed a forge, and made besides a hammer, tongs, and
anvil, and by means of these, all other tools. After this they
smithied metal and stone and wood, and wrought so abun-
dantly that metal which is called gold, that they had all their
household ware and all dishes of gold; and that time is
called the Age of Gold, before it was spoiled by the com-
ing of the Women, even those who came out of Jötunheim.
Next after this, the gods enthroned themselves in their
seats and held judgment, and called to mind whence the
dwarves had quickened in the mould and underneath in the

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earth, even as do maggots in flesh. The dwarves had first received shape and life in the flesh of Ymir, and were then maggots; but by decree of the gods had become conscious with the intelligence of men, and had human shape. And nevertheless they dwell in the earth and in stones. Módsognir was the first, and Durinn the second; so it says in Völuspá.

Then strode all the mighty
The gods most holy,
Who should of dwarves

From the bloody surge

They made many

in

to the seats of judgment,

and together held counsel,

shape the peoples

and the Blue One's bones. man's likeness,

Dwarves in the earth, as Durinn said.

And these, says the Sibyl, are their names:

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Rekkr, Rádsvidr.

Thrór, Thróinn, Thekkr, Litr and Vitr,

Nýr, Nýrádr,

And these also are dwarves and dwell in stones, but the

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