the consideration of the Executive," and especially a publication in so many respects deficient and inaccurate."

Memoir read before the Historical Society of the State of New York, December 31, 1816. By E. Benton. Second edition, with Notes. New York. Wilder & Campbell.

Remarks on the Proceedings at Concord, N. H. on the Subject of Internal Improvement. 8vo. Price 20 cents. Boston.

An Essay on the Study and Promotion of the Greek and Latin Languages. By William White, A. M.

Notes on Virginia. By Thomas Jefferson. 12mo. Philadelphia. Carey & Lea.

A new edition. 1 vol.

An Address delivered at the Opening of the Eleventh Exhibition of the Academy of the Fine Arts, May 10th, 1825. By William Beach Lawrence. 8vo. pp. 44. New York.

An Address delivered to the American Friendly Association, on their Third Anniversary, being the 22d of February, 1825. By Faneuil Hunt. Published by request. 12mo. pp. 14. Charleston, S. C.

This is a very clever address; and we are glad we happened to lay our hands upon it. It is short, much to the point, and abundantly patriotic. The blessings of free institutions, and the sufferings of nations in their progress towards the attainment of them, are subjects not wholly new to us, but we like to be reminded of them occasionally, and especially when it can be done so well as it is in this little pamphlet. The following passage notices two striking peculiarities in our institutions, and is all we can subjoin. Education disseminated through every class; and the possession and habitual use of arms, constitute Americans a peculiar people. It is a coincidence without a parallel in history. When learning was the attribute of a select few; when information was extended only by oral repetition, corruption and ignorance were powerful instruments in the hands of reckless ambition; but ours is an age, which is to give direction to the future destinies of the world. The light, which general education, disseminated through the instrumentality of the press, is capable of diffusing, will penetrate the inmost recesses of ignorance and superstition, and exhibit in their native hideousness the atrocities of arbitrary power." If men are con vinced that a general diffusion of knowledge is the only safe foundation for free and happy institutions, we think they had better set themselves zealously to the work of laying that foundation, and let alone prophesying about the future destinies of the world, and the downfall of arbitrary governments. We have enough to do to purify, improve, and perpetuate our own institutions, without meddling with "the atrocities of arbitrary power" beyond the natural influence of our example.

NATURAL HISTORY.

Fauna Americana, being a Description of the Mammiferous Animals inhabiting North America. By Richard Harlem, M. D. Professor of Comparative Anatomy, &c. 1 vol. 8vo. Price $2.

Stranger of the Valley;

NOVELS.

or Louisa and Adelaide. An American Tale. By a Lady. 2 vols. 12mo. pp. 241 and 218. New York.

POETRY.

Ode for the Celebration of the Battle of Bunker Hill, at the Laying of the Monumental Stone, June 17, 1825. By Grenville Mellen. 8vo. pp. 16. Boston. Cummings, Hilliard, & Co.

This is an appropriate and beautiful Ode. It evinces poetical talents of a high order; though in some instances fancy has prompted the author to the use of words, not sanctioned by the canons of taste. "Jewelry" (p. 10) is a bad word, and we noticed a few others, which struck us in a similar light. The stanza on the death of WARREN is a bold and poetical conception beautifully expressed; and the allusion to Lafayette is happy, and worthy of the occasion. We shall be much gratified if

the high opinion we here express of this Ode, should have any influence to induce Mr Mellen to favour the public with more lyrics. The age has produced but little worth perusing in that difficult department of writing.

THEOLOGY.

A Dissertation on the Divinity of Christ.. By William Fowler.

The Design and the Importance of the Education Society of the Protestant Episcopal Church, in the Diocess of Pennsylvania: A Sermon preached on the Evening of Sunday, the 8th May, in St Stephen's Church, Philadelphia. By William H. De Lancey, an Assistant Minister of Christ's Church, St Peter's, and St James, Philadelphia.

AMERICAN EDITIONS OF FOREIGN WORKS.

The Itinerary of a Traveller in the Wilderness, addressed to those who are performing the same Journey. By Mrs Taylor of Ongar, author of "Maternal Solicitude," &c. &c. 18mo. pp. 224. New York. Bliss & White and Wilder & Campbell.

This little allegory is designed for a moral effect upon the young. Mrs Taylor quotes many passages of Scripture, and of course gives many good lessons; but the work inspires no great interest, and therefore will fail of affording the most instruction and the deepest impression which might have been given in the same space. There is some cant in the style, but it is written with a good spirit, and every youthful reader will rise from the perusal of it with solemn feelings, and more sober views of life and its duties.

Lights and Shadows of Scottish Life. A new and cheap edition.

The Difficulties of Infidelity. By George Stanley Faber, D. D. Rector of Long Newton, New York. Wilder & Campbell.

New Moral Tales; Selected and Translated from the French of Madame De Genlis. By an American. New York. Wilder & Campbell. New Monthly Magazine, No. LII.

LIST OF WORKS IN PRESS.

A Tour in Germany, and some of the Southern Provinces of the Austrian Empire, in the years 1820, 1821, 1822. 1 vol. 8vo. Philadelphia. E. Littell.

Starkie on Evidence. 3 vols. 8vo. Philadelphia. P. H. Nicklin. Roper on Property. 2 vols. 8vo. Philadelphia. P. H. Nicklin. Wharton on Corporations. Philadelphia. P. H. Nicklin.

Medwin's Conversations of Lord Byron, from the latest London edition. Baltimore. E. Mickle.

An Abridgment of all the Acts of Congress now in force, except those of a Private or Local Application; with Notes of all the Decisions of the Supreme Court on Questions of Construction, &c. Edward Ingersoll, of the Philadelphia Bar. Philadelphia.

By

NOTE. Since the article on "Harvard University" was printed off, we have learned that the price of board at Williams and Bowdoin Colleges is $1,75 per week instead of $2, as there stated. This, however, will not materially affect our inference concerning the economy of commons.

In some copies of this number, p. 249, for "last edition of Worcester's Gazetteer," read "Worcester's Gazetteer of the United States."

Published on the first and fifteenth day of every month, by CUMMINGS, HILLIARD, & Co., No. 134 Washington-Street, Boston, for the Proprietors. Terms, $5 per annum. Cambridge: Printed at the University Press, by Hilliard & Metcalf.

Ir appears, from the statement in our last Number, and from other circumstances in the Report, from which we derive our facts, that some of the foundations in this College are of very dubious advantage. It is naturally expected by the public, that whenever a foundation for a professorship exists, it should be filled by some capable person; but it may happen that foundations shall be more numerous than are required by the number of pupils, or the state of the country. This would be no evil, indeed, if the income of the foundation sufficed for the salary of the incumbent. But this is not the case with a single foundation among those of the resident professors ;in three of them, indeed, the income is so small, that all united would not pay half of the present salary of a single professor. Professorships of this sort, therefore, are a cause of increased expense, and so far an unnecessary one, that if the foundations did not exist, their places might be supplied by tutorships, or College professorships, as they are termed, with a much smaller salary. This evil may be in some degree remedied by allowing the capital of the foundations to accumulate, as opportunities occur, by the vacation of the of fices. But even this resort is, in some instances, precluded by the will of the donor, which compels the Corporation of the University to fill the office within a limited period. The poli

cy of accepting foundations, in the present state of the country, so inadequate to the support of a professor; and thus allowing the donor, by giving a limited sum, to appropriate to a specific object of his own choice a large amount of the unappropriated College funds, has been a mistaken one from the beginning. And it has led to most of the evils of which the public have loudest complained, and the cause of which they have least understood, viz.-While bequests were repeatedly made by benevolent individuals, there was no diminution of the expense of instruction, but the reverse. And the evil of this policy has been unnecessarily increased, by making the salaries too high. They are higher than is necessary, considering the permanency, the respectability, the hitherto slight responsibility, and the easy and agreeable nature of their offices.

These offices are, in the first place, of a permanent character, more so than almost any other situation can be in a republican government. The destruction or abolition of Harvard University is a more improbable event, if possible, than that of the government of the United States. Whatever occasional uneasiness or complaint may arise against the Institution and its management, there can be no reasonable doubt of its final continuance, and increasing resources and dignity.

The offices are highly respectable. They have a rank, which does not depend upon show and parade. It is intrinsic, and cannot be taken away by any thing short of a course of gross mismanagement on the part of the higher branches of the government of the College, or gross misbehaviour on the part of the officers themselves. They have a rank, in short, which does not depend upon a large income, which does not require a large income for its support, and which is, therefore, to be desired unaccompanied by a large income, and which, we may add, is desired, and would be desired, by many, well qualified for the duties, with a much smaller salary than is now attached to it. In this particular the situation resembles that of the New England clergy, whose salaries are low in accordance with this very principle, that their rank and respectability do not depend upon their income. Like the clergy, they are respected not merely on account of individual merit, but also in consideration of their offices, and, like them, they are exempted from taxes and many other burdens more or less vexatious to their fellow-citizens.

The offices, again, are, in our opinion, without any anxious

or disagreeable responsibility. It is true that the interest of all the professors is more or less connected with the flourishing state of the Institution; but they have not the sense of direct individual responsibility, which is annexed in most instances to the professions, to civil offices, and most other stations of trust and profit in our country. In a former paragraph we compared their situations to those of our clergy. In this particular they have the advantage over them; as there is but little heresy in literature, and no angry sects are to be reconciled by their doctrines. A Professor may be a Wernerian or a Huttonian, a Nominalist or a Realist, a believer in one electric fluid or two, without risking either his peace or his salary.

These offices, in the last place, are comparatively easy and agreeable. We are not now about to join in the vulgar slang, which associates the idea of luxury and ease with every situation which does not compel its occupant to swing a sledge, brandish a flail, or exert his physical force in some obvious manner. The literal sweat of the brow is neither the most uncomfortable effect, nor the only evidence of toil. But we do believe, that the situation of a Resident Professor in most Universities, and especially in a great and wealthy institution, like that at Cambridge, is neither very toilsome nor disagreeable. There are evils, there are vexations, no doubt, which none can appreciate so justly as those who suffer them. But we are persuaded that there is less of that occasional and utter weariness of flesh and spirit, which is more or less incident to every employment of which we have any knowledge. A Professor is, or at least ought to be, appointed to his office on account of some strong predilection and consequent excellence in a particular department of literature or science. His pleasure consequently becomes his business, and he is paid for following those pursuits, to which most other literary men in society are glad to devote the moments which can be cut off from the stock which is claimed by their necessary.duties. He must communicate his knowledge, it is true, but he is not bound down to an eternal round of the merest elementary instruction, whose dull monotony is only varied by the petty vexations which beset the "little tyrant" of a school. More than this, he is placed in a society of literary and congenial spirits, and in the midst of a scientific and literary apparatus, which removes the necessity of private expense, that too often bears hard upon the scanty funds of the scholar in any other situation.