2,000 pages, are out, and it seems to be still far from completion; of the fourth, six numbers by Selenka were published in 186970, and nothing more appeared till 1884, when numbers 7-10, by Gadow, were issued, cancelling the greater part (pp. 89-144) of Nos. 4-6, and replacing them by new matter (at the subscriber's expense, of course); of the fifth part, twenty-seven numbers have appeared. In the meantime, a new edition of Volume I. was begun in 1880, and of Volume II. in 1882, so in this instance we seem to have entered upon a never-ending round of publication and republication, which goes on at the rate of ten or twelve numbers a year.

Perhaps a still more striking example of erudition long drawn out is afforded by Ersch and Gruber's "Allgemeine Encyclopädie der Wissenschaften und Künste" (Leipzig, 1818-), the publication of which was begun seventy years ago and is still in progress (though Ersch died in 1828 and Gruber in 1851). It has been carried on in three sections-the first, comprising A-G, is complete in 99 volumes; the second, beginning at H, has got as far as Leh in 42 volumes, and the third now runs from O to Phy in 25 volumes (166 volumes in all, thus far published). Of course many of the articles in the earlier volumes of each section are hopelessly antiquated, and modern science can hardly be said to be represented at all in them, while the articles in the later volumes are very valuable. As a matter of curiosity it may be mentioned that the latest volume issued contains long biographies of several noted men, among them P. Lanfrey (1825-77), Ferd. Lassalle (1825-64), E. Lasker (1829-84), who were born years after the publication of the work was begun, and who, after winning world-wide reputations, died, well advanced in years, before it was much more than half completed.

Time forbids me to pursue the subject through the intricacies of Ausgaben, Titel-ausgaben and Auflagen, Neudrucke, Sonderabdrücke, and Ergänzungs-Bände, Inaugural-Dissertationen, and Programm-Abhandlungen. I will close by citing a single example which seems to combine in itself more of the absurdities and faults of Ger

man publishing methods than any other work I have yet seen; and it is certainly in accordance with the eternal fitness of things that a series calling itself the "Deutsche NationalLitteratur" (Stuttgart, 1882) should be carried out in all its details in a manner which can only be appropriately characterized as echt deutsch. The series is issued first in small parts, each of which is numbered; these parts are made up into volumes, each of which is numbered in the order of publication, and has also a number denoting its position in the series; then, in many cases, it has another number, as one of the volumes of an author's works, and in a few cases still another number, as one of the volumes of a division of his works. In Kayser's "BücherLexicon" the series is recorded by the part numbers; in the publisher's list, and on the dealer's bills, by the order-of-issue numbers, while on the title-pages only the series num ber and the volume number in an author's works are given. Here is a tabulation of the first few volumes issued: :

The series will include some 170 volumes; it is now about two-thirds issued, and already, in spite of German thoroughness and German method, there are several pretty snarls to be untangled, and more may be expected. The forty-sixth volume issued is called on the title-page "Deutsche National Litteratur, II Band. Narrenbuch"; when the eighty-eighth volume was issued, its title-page read "Deutsche National Litteratur, 11 Band. Erzählende Dichtung," etc. The number on the binding of this volume is ten, which is right; and here is a case where the binder's title is correct, while the title-page is wrong. The fifty-eighth volume of the series is Lessing's Werke, Volume I.; but the sixtyfourth volume of the series is called Lessing's Werke IV. This seems like a discrepancy, but you hope it may be explained by a

IN N place of a regular report, the reporter

presents below an alphabetical index by subject to bibliographical works of all kinds mentioned in the columns of the Library journal for 1887 and 1888. A regular annual list of bibliographies arranged alphabetically by subject, and including both such works as have been published independently and such as are often contained in other publications, would be of great use, and is not at present supplied by any of the bibliographical periodicals. The compiler would have been glad to put together and print such a list; but lack of time on his part and lack of available space on the part of the Library journal compel him to adopt the following index as the nearest approximation to it which can be brought out this year. Only those subjects are omitted which were included in the list appended to the report presented to the last Library Conference (L. j. 12:416). The figures refer to the volume and page of the Library journal, and the word preceding these to the

particular entry referred to. Those who consult it are asked to notice the distinction made between the noun and the adjective in names of places; e. g., under France are put bibliographies of works on France; under French, bibliographies of French books; under Hungary, bibliographies of books on Hungary; under German (Hungary), bibliographies of German books published in Hungary; and under Hungarian would be put works on Hungarian literature. Under French (period.) are put periodical bibliographies of French books; under French periodicals are put lists of French periodicals. An asterisk indicates that some explanatory or descriptive note is added to the title on the pagé referred to.

It was intended to add a few words on the more important bibliographies of the year, speaking of each one separately, but the reporter has not been able to take the time to do so.

Agenais. Andrien, 13:229.

Agriculture. Wolf, 13:109.

Alchemy. Waite, 13:389.

Aldine publ. Pennino, 12:568. Algeria. Lambert, 13:163.* Almanacs (of Nancy). Briard, 12:146. Alsace. Berger-Levrault, 12:304.* America. France. Bibl. Nat., 13:303. American. (Period.) Quarterly, 13:109; (Harvard Univ.) Tillinghast, 13:109; (Newport) Hammett, 12:537; (Phila. coll. of physicians) Ruschenberger, 13:164.

American bibliography. Ford, 13:37,

seq.

American sonnets. Rowell, 12:538. Antiquities (society publ.). LefèvrePontalis, 12:568,* 13:164.*

Arabic (Constantinople). Huart, 13:29. Arc, Jeanne d'. D'Arc, 13:387; Lemerle, 12:177.

Architecture. Mozzani, 13:29.
Asti, Italy. Bibliografia, 13:387.
Astronomy. Houzeau and Lancaster,
13:60, 230; St. Louis, 12:177.*
Australia, South. Gill, 13:305.
Basque. Allende Salazar, 13:162.
Bavaria. Hayn, 12:537-

Belgian bibliography. Chauvin, 13:268. Belgian law. Picard and Larcier, 13:30, 61.

Beowulf. Beowulf, 12:146.

Bible (15th cent.). Prime, 13:356.*
Biblical archæology. Mitchell, 12:273.
Bibliography. Lane, 13:108; (in Bel-
gium) Chauvin, 13:268; (in France)
Bull. de la Soc. Bibliog., 13:269; (of
Bologna) Frati, 13:268.
Birds. Verzeichniss, 13:389.
Bismark. Kohl, 13:305.
Boccaccio. Ferrari, 13:388.
Bologna. Manzoni, 13:305.
Bolognese bibliography. Frati, 13:268.
Bookbinding. Quaritch, 13:388.
Bookkeeping. Italy, 12:146.

Botany. Bohnensieg, 13:29; (German flora) Schulz, 13:388.

Brazilian. Bibliographia, 13:304.

Children's books. Gloversville, 13:387; Indianapolis, 13:230; Ladies' commission, 12:241; Poughkeepsie, 13:355, 387; Sickley, 13:196.* Cholera. Ravignani, 12:88. Circle-squaring. Gould, 13:197. City government. Cornell,

13:107;

Hodder, 13:108; Woodward, 13:61. Coleridge, S. T. Anderson, 12.240. Columbium. Traphagen, 13:388. Columbus. Häbler, 12:177Commercial education. Luque y Martinez, 13:388.

Consanguinity. Huth, 12:568. Copyright. Papafara, 13:269; Solberg, 13:164.

Costa Rica. Bull. de la Soc. Bibliog., 13:269.

Cremation. Townsend, 12:569.
Cromwell, Oliver. Lane, 13:60.
Crystallography. Groth, 12:388.
Dante. Scheffler, 13:388; (1886). Lane,

Early printed books. Einsle, 13:305;
Pennino, 12:568.

Eating. Vicaire, 13:356.
Education. Classified catalogue, 13:29,
108; Hall, 12:568; MacAlister, 13.60*;
Schulze, 12:146.

Egypt. Ibrahim-Hilmy, 13:269.
Elocution. Warner, 12:538.
Engineering (periodical literature). Gal-
loupe, 13:269.

English (1887) English catal., 13:163; (Period.) Quarterly, 13:109; Torch,

13:197.

Eskimo language. Pilling, 12:537*, 13:305.*

Euclid. Riccardi, 13:61.
Falconry. Petit, 13:388.
Fencing. Egerton-Castle, 13:388.
Fiction. Novel-list, 12:537.*

Foraminifera. Sherborn, 13:388; Woodward, 12:146.

Forestry. Wolf, 13:109.
France. Monod, 13:388.

Frederick the Great. Baumgart, 12:87*;
Lane, 13:60.

Freiberg. Heydenreich, 12:146. French (15th-18th cents.) Le Petit, 13:108, 269*; (contemporary) Laporte, 12:537; (1876-85) Lorenz, 12:568, 13:356* (1887) Catalogue mensuel, 13:163; (period.) Bulletin, 12:304; (Agenais) Andrien, 13:229; (Domfront) Appert and Contades, 13:60.

French learned societies. Lefèvre-Pontalis, 12:568,* 13:164.* French periodicals (Paris) Le Soudier, 13:108.

French reformed churches. Frossard, 12:273.

Friuli. Occioni-Bonaffons, 13:108. Funeral customs. Townsend, 12:569. Fungi, North American. Farlow and Trelease, 12:537, 13:197. Galileo. Favaro, 12:241. General. Langthaler, 13:60; Ontario, 13:197; Sonnenschein, 12:569*; Wisconsin, 13:357: (periodicals) Bulletin bibl. internationale, 13:29*; Praktischer, etc., 13:61; Wissenschaftliche bibliographie, 12:538. Geography (German publ.). Weigel, 13:269.*

Geology, Italian (1886). Italy, 13:197.

Georgia, Kingdom of. Wardrop, 13:389. German. Kayser, 13:108; (1820-82) Weigel, 13:269; (Periodicals) Praktische, etc., 13:61; (Aargau) Schumann, 13:164*; (extra-European) Joest, 13:60; (Hungary) Kertbeny, 13:108; (Mecklenberg) Wiechmann, 12:89; (Vienna) Mayer, 13:269*; (popular) Reher, 12:273, 304, 13:109. German periodicals. Deutsche presse,

13:268; Frizenschaf, 13:388; Gracklauer, 12:568.

Gnostics. Jacobs, 12:568.

Grasse, France. Reboul, 13:388.
Gray, Asa. Gray, 13:305.*

Greece, travel and topography. Greece,

12:304.

Groton. Green, 13:305.

Hales, Owen. Roth, 13:197.
Harfleur, France. La Motte, 13:387.
Harvard Univ. Tillinghast, 13:109.
Hearing. Marucelli, 13:30.

Henry VIII. of England, Divorce. Huth, 12:568.

Hermann von dem Busche. Liessem, 12:304.

Hildegardis, abbess of Rupertsberg. Roth, 12:568.

Hispaniola. Roth, 12:568.

History (German publ.) Weigel, 13:

269; (society publications) LefèvrePontalis, 12:568*; 13:164.* Horology. Dubois, 13:356; Kühl, 13:388.

Horticulture. Wolf, 13:109.
Hough, F. B. Hickcox, 12:088.
Hungary. Kertbeny, 13:108.

Hunting. Petit, 13:388; Wolf, 13:109.
Hypnotism. Dessoir, 13:305.
Incunabula. Faelli, 12:241.
Irvingism. Winke, etc., 13:30.
Italian (Bologna, Univ. of) Bologna,
12:146; (Messina, Univ. of) Catalogo,
etc., 13:60; (Modena, Univ. of) Cat-
alogo, 12:272.

Italian biography. Zincada, 13:197.
Italian periodicals. Elenco, etc., 13:60.
Italian poetry (1886). Bigazzi, 13:60.
Italy. Hartford L. Assoc., 12:567;
Lozzi, 12:273.

Jefferson, Thomas. Tompkins, 13:61.
Jewish. Lippe, 12:304.

Jews. Hayn, 12:537; (English) Jacobs, 13:163; (Italian) Mortara, 12:88.

Joel. Baumgartner, 13:229.
Labor. Milwaukee, 13:305.
Langenstein, Henricus Hembuche de
Hassia. Brambach, 13:229.

Latin palæography. Paoli, 13:108.
Lavoisier. Grimaux, 13:356.

Lefèvre

Law. Puttkammer, 12:88; of Belgium.
Picard and Larcier, 13:30, 61.
Learned Societies, French.
Pontalis, 12:568,* 13:164.*
Leo XIII., Pope. Nizet, 13:388.
Library plans. Whitney, 13:291, 357.
Liguria. Issel, 13:30.

Lille (1792). Quarré-Reybourbon, 13:61.
Liturgical books. Brambach, 13:163.*
Livland. Pölchan, 13:388.

Lodge, Thomas. Lodge, 13.60.
Luther. Dommer, 13:108.

Manufactures (period. lit.).

13:269.

Galloupe,

Manuscripts, Classical. Thompson, 13:

197.

Maps (London Geol. Soc.). Boston Pub. Lib., 12:567; of California. Rowell, 12:569*; of the Vosges. Haillant, 13:60.

Marriage, Impediments to. Huth, 12:568.

Medicine. Baillière, 12:177; (1860-87). Bibliographie, 12:241.

Mignet, Franç. Rozière, 13:61. Milan cathedral. Palveraglio, 12:273.

Military history. Pohler, 12:241; mod-
ern Précis, 13:269.
Mineralogy. Groth, 12:88.
Mioglia, Italy. Neri, 13:388.
Miracle plays. Stoddard, 13:61.*
Mnemonics. Fellows, 13:356.
Molière. Scheffler, 13:388.
Montaigne. Allais, 13:108; Montaigne,
13:388.

Montenegro. Bull. de la Soc. Bibliog., 13:269.

Munich. Hayn, 12:537. Municipal government. See City government.

Halt

Music. Hofmeister, 13:163; see also
Piano; Spanish Riaño, 12:538.*
Musical manuscripts. Brambach, 13:229.
Mysteries, Dramatic. Stoddard, 13:61.*
Newport, R. I. Hammett, 12:537.*
Nicæa, Council of. Coleman, 13:197.
Norwegian. Feilberg, 12:273;
orsen, 13:388; (1885). Norsk, 12:273.
Numismatics, French, Engel, 13:388;
Spanish, Dios de la Rada, 12:241.
Occultism. Siegismund, 13:305.
Oriental (1885-86). Huart, 13:29.
Palæography. Álbum, 12:273; Latin.
Paoli, 13:108.

Paris. Lacombe, 12:146.
Passais, France. Appert, 13:387.
Pellagra. Salveraglio, 13:61.
Periodical literature. Annual index,
13:62; Poole, 13:389.
Periodicals. Elenco, etc., 13:60; Union,
13:109; French (Paris) Le Soudier,
13:108; German Deutsche presse,
13:268; Frizenschaf, 13:388; Grack-
lauer, 12:568; Joest, 13:60; Italian
Elenco, etc., 13:60; indexes of. Stein,
13:197, 269.*

Persian (Constantinople). Huart, 13:29.
Petrarca, De remediis. Fiske, 13:163.*
Philosophy. Lake Forest Univ., 13:195.
Photography. Zusammenstellung, 13:-
389.

Piano literature. Prosniz, 13:61.
Pigeons, Fancy. Williams, 12:210.
Pisa. Catalogo, 12:272; Ferrari, 13:60.
Pitra, Card. Bibliographie, 12:272.
Political economy. Milwaukee, 13:305.*
Politics. Baker, 12:272; Muehlbrecht,

12:88.

Pope, Alex. Pope, 13:303.
Porta, Carlo. Robecchi, 12:209.
Portuguese. Silva, 13:164.
Prices of books. Book prices, 13:196.
Prime Family. Prime, 13:61.*
Proctor, R. A. Proctor, 13:356.
Prohibited books. Congregatio, 13:-
356; Reusch. 12:273, 304.

Pushkin. Pushkin, 12:146*; Zelinski,
12:538.
Railroads

(period. lit.). Galloupe,

13:269. Reincarnation. Walker, 13:61. Relationship. Huth, 12:568. Romance philology. Zeitschrift, 13:389. Russia. Meschof, 12.273; Russica, 12:88.*

Russian. Wengerof, 13:197.
Sandeau. Scheffler, 13:388.
Schopenhauer. Grisebach, 13:163.
Scott, Sir Walter. Scheffler, 13:388.
Shakespeare. Fleming, 13:163; Knapp,
13:163; Scheffler, 13:388.
Shorthand. Gibson, 12:568.
Shufeldt, R. W. Foster, 12:537.
Siouan languages. Pilling, 12:568.*
Socialism. Atzrott, 12:87.
Somme, France. Macqueron, 12:209.
Sonnet, American. Rowell, 12:538.
Soudan. Ibrahim-Hilmy, 13:269.
Spanish. Diaz y Perez, 13:387; (Ara-
gon) Uriel, 12:89; (Toledo) Perez
Pastor, 12:537

Spectroscope. Tuckerman, 13:356,

Sports. One hundred, 12:209.
Swinburne, A. C. Swinburne, 12:569.
Syphilis (1886). Szadek, 13:305.
Tassoni. Bacci, 13:162.

Terra di Bari. Volpicella, 12:538.
Theatre, English. Lowe, 13:108.
Theology (1886-88). Wolf, 13:305.
Ticino. Motta, 13:305.

Toledo. Perez Pastor, 12:537.
Torgau. Jacob, 13:163.

Tourists' maps and handbooks. Index, 13:230.

Tournaments. Ferrari, 13:60.
Transmigration. Walker, 13:61.
Tunisia. Graham, 13:229.

Turkish (Constantinople). Huart, 13:29.
United States Constitution. Lake
Forest Univ., 13:195; Library Co. of
Phila., 12:536.

Vondel.

13:305.

Frederik-Muller Fonds,

Vosges Mts., Maps of. Haillant, 13:60. Waitz, Georg. Steindorff, 12:146. Wimpfeling, Jakob. Knod, 13:388. Zoology. Taschenberg, 13:109.*

CATALOGUES.

Bangor, Me. Public L., 13:303.*
Belfast, Me. Free L., 13:195.*
Berlin. Architekten-Verein, 13:29.
Brooklyn Institute, 12:536.*
Dedham, Mass. Public L., 13:355.*
Dresden. Gehe-Stiftung, 13:107.
Fitchburg. Public Library, 13:133.t
Florence. Bibl. Medicea. Lauren-
ziana, 13:29:

French libraries, manuscripts, 13:162.
Newcastle-upon-Tyne. Public L, 13:-

355

New Swindon, Eng. Great Western
R'y Mechanics' Inst., 13:355.*
Newton, Mass. Free L., 13:303.
New York. Apprentices' Library, 12:-
536, 13:29,107.

New York. Union League, 13:133.†
New York. Y. M. C. A. Railroad
Branch, 13:304.

North Easton, Mass. Ames Free L., 13:195.

Omaha, Neb. Public L., 13:196.*
Palermo. Bibl. Naz., 12:568.
Paris. Bibl. Nationale, 13:303.
Paris. Dépot de la Guerre, 13:162.
Paterson (N. J.). Free Publ. Libr.,
12:536.

Poughkeepsie. City L., 13:355,* 387.*
Providence, R. I. Point St. Grammar

School, 12:536.*

Rochester, N. Y. Reynolds L., 13:196.*
Rome. Bibl. Comunale Sarti, 13:29.
Sharon, Mass. Public L., 13:355.*
Sion College L., 13:107.*

South Bend, Ind. Western Lib. Assoc., 13:107.*

Stockholm. Riko Bibl., 13:196, 303.*
Topeka. Free Public L., 13:387.

Washington. Surgeon-General's Office,

pages of French books; it may be because the printer lacks a supply, or because they offend the eye when perched, like Stylites, on the tops of their capitals. Even in the text of otherwise carefully printed books the accent is sometimes not found on capital letters, as, for example, in the word Egypte in the Grand Dictionnaire of Larousse, where the accent appears in the heading and in the top line, but is omitted in the text. This may be because the lines are too closely spaced to allow room for the accents. I am told that in France in official signs, placards, and engraved specimens, capital letters are carefully accented without exception.

Whatever the reason may be for the omission of accents, whenever capitals are reduced to small letters in transcription, and whenever the accents are missing in the text, or are incorrect, they must be supplied or corrected.

The rules for the French accent are briefly stated in the dictionaries of Bescherelle and Littré. In Madame Duperré de Lisle's Etude sur la prononciation française, I find particulars not given in other books examined. Mätzner says in his Französische Grammatik that there is no comprehensive principle underlying their use. It is worth while to notice that the acute and grave accents as used on e, are signs giving it a full pronunciation, where otherwise it would be mute. No é or è is ever written unless, without the accent, the e would (by the rules of the preceding paragraph) have its mute value.*

It will be found convenient to make a list of words often occurring whose accents are *Whitney's French grammar, p. 6.

extrême, gåter, gâteau, goût, grâce, hôpital, maître, impôt, rôle, sûr (certain), théâtre, etc.

One trained in the classics, and blessed with a sixth sense- the linguistic sense will often understand the reason for the appearance of an accent. He will know, for instance, from the history of a word, that a letter has dropped out which is replaced by a circumflex accent-a clamp, as it were, to bind the word together and keep it from falling to pieces, or an s, on its side, as some regard it, to denote that this letter has been knocked out flat upon its back, as .

In some cases, when there is no suppressed s, the reason for the use of the circumflex accent is not apparent. Littré says of the word extrême, just mentioned, that, as no s has disappeared, the grave accent would seem to be preferable to the circumflex, conformably to the custom that, when in derivatives the accent is acute (extrémité), the primitive is grave; as, for example, problème, problématique, système, systématique.

Sometimes a word will seem more familiar under a different accent from the one given it; and, on examination of the dictionaries, it will be found that the French appear to tire of their accents, as of their rulers and form of government, and to change them from time to time. In the seventh edition of the Dictionary of the Academy (1877) the following differences of accent will be found from the sixth edition (1835) and the Dictionary of Littré. All words in the earlier editions, written -ége, are found in the later -ège, as college, collège; cortège, cortège; liége (cork), liège; sacrilege, sacrilege; siége, siège.