Elements of economics of industry, the first vol. of Elements of economics1899 |
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Сторінка v
... present Volume , the practical convenience of discussing it in close connection with the main theory of Distribution seemed to outweigh the disadvantages of treating it prematurely and in some measure incompletely ; and a Chapter on ...
... present Volume , the practical convenience of discussing it in close connection with the main theory of Distribution seemed to outweigh the disadvantages of treating it prematurely and in some measure incompletely ; and a Chapter on ...
Сторінка viii
... present and future needs . Discounting future pleasures pp . 94-97 Chapter VI . Value and Utility . §§ 1-3 . The doctrine of Consumers ' Rent gives definite expression to a familiar notion . Allowance for collec- tive wealth . § 4 ...
... present and future needs . Discounting future pleasures pp . 94-97 Chapter VI . Value and Utility . §§ 1-3 . The doctrine of Consumers ' Rent gives definite expression to a familiar notion . Allowance for collec- tive wealth . § 4 ...
Сторінка xiii
... present supplies of what it wants . §2 . England's direct gains from the progress of manufactures have been less than at first sight appears , but those from the new means of transport have been greater . § 3. Changes in the labour ...
... present supplies of what it wants . §2 . England's direct gains from the progress of manufactures have been less than at first sight appears , but those from the new means of transport have been greater . § 3. Changes in the labour ...
Сторінка 3
... present century . The steam - engine has relieved them of much exhausting and degrading toil ; wages have risen ; education has been improved and become more general ; the railway and the printing - press have enabled members of the ...
... present century . The steam - engine has relieved them of much exhausting and degrading toil ; wages have risen ; education has been improved and become more general ; the railway and the printing - press have enabled members of the ...
Сторінка 5
... present forms are only of recent date ' . Competition . § 4 . It is often said that the modern forms of business are distinguished from the earlier by being more competitive . But this account is not quite satis- factory . The strict ...
... present forms are only of recent date ' . Competition . § 4 . It is often said that the modern forms of business are distinguished from the earlier by being more competitive . But this account is not quite satis- factory . The strict ...
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Загальні терміни та фрази
ability action Adam Smith advantages agents of production aggregate agriculture amount arities average capital and labour causes CHAPTER chief chiefly classes commodity consumption cultivation demand and supply derived Diminishing Return division of labour dose duction Earnings of Management economic economists efficiency employers employment England English equal equilibrium evil exertion expenses of production fact factors of production factory give governed grade greater growth higher important income increase industry influence instance kind land less lower machinery manual labour manufacturer marginal utility measure ment modern national dividend nature necessary normal person population Principles Principles VI Producer's Surplus purchase Quasi-rent raise rate of interest rate of profits raw produce regard rent rise skill social sumers supply of labour supply price surplus tend things tion trade true Unions wages wants wealth workers
Популярні уривки
Сторінка 259 - The liberal reward of labour, as it encourages the propagation, so it increases the industry of the common people. The wages of labour are the encouragement of industry, which, like every other human quality, improves in proportion to the encouragement it receives. A plentiful subsistence increases the bodily strength of the labourer, and the comfortable hope of bettering his condition, and of ending his days perhaps in ease and plenty, animates him to exert that strength to the utmost.
Сторінка 175 - That the master manufacturer, by dividing the work to be executed into different processes, each requiring different degrees of skill or of force, can purchase exactly that precise quantity of both which is necessary for each process; whereas, if the whole work were executed by one workman, that person must possess sufficient skill to perform the most ~~ difficult, and sufficient strength to execute the most laborious, of the operations into which the art is divided...
Сторінка 227 - We might as reasonably dispute whether it is the upper or the under blade of a pair of scissors that cuts a piece of paper, as whether value is governed by utility or cost of production. It is true that when one blade is held still, and the cutting is effected by moving the other, we may say with careless brevity that the cutting is done by the second; but the statement is not strictly accurate, and is to be excused only so long as it claims to be merely a popular and not a strictly scientific account...
Сторінка 275 - Wages tend to equal the net product of labour; its marginal productivity rules the demand- price for it; and, on the other side, wages tend to retain a close though indirect and intricate relation with the cost of rearing, training and sustaining the energy of efficient labour.
Сторінка 178 - Good work is rightly appreciated, inventions and improvements in machinery, in processes and the general organization of business have their merits promptly discussed: if one man starts a new idea, it is taken up by others and combined with suggestions of their own; and thus it becomes the source of further new ideas.
Сторінка 48 - Every age and every country has its own problems: and every change in social conditions is likely to require a new development of economic doctrines": also the letter written in 1915 to Mr.
Сторінка 152 - So complete, indeed, has hitherto been the separation, so strongly marked the line of demarcation, between the different grades of labourers, as to be almost equivalent to fin hereditary distinction of caste; each employment being chiefly recruited from the children of those already employed in it...
Сторінка 65 - England, in this generation, may be said to consist of a well-drained dwelling with several rooms, warm clothing, with some changes of underclothing, pure water, a plentiful supply of cereal food, with a moderate allowance of meat and milk, and a little tea, etc., some education, and some recreation, and lastly, sufficient freedom for his wife from other work to enable her to perform properly her maternal and her household duties.
Сторінка 269 - The labour and capital of the country, acting on its natural resources, produce annually a certain net aggregate of commodities, material and immaterial, including services of all kinds. This is the true net annual income or revenue of the country, or the national dividend".
Сторінка 174 - Workmen, on the contrary, when they are liberally paid by the piece, are very apt to over-work themselves, and to ruin their health and constitution in a few years.