brauch des Infin. findet sich gewöhnlich nach Substantiven (cf. Gri. IV. 110. Br. 593, bei dem aber an dieser Stelle manche Fehler: which was more wondir to devise (Ch. Dr. 127). hope to joy is little less in joy than hope enjoy'd (Rich. II. 2. 3). mael is me to feran (Beo. 6. 29). sorh is me to secganne (Beo. 940). to lang is to recenne (Beo. 4181). näs that ydhe ceap to gegangenne (id. 4826). ofost is selest to gecydhanne (Beo. 511). it is a sport to a fool to do mischief (Prov. X. 23) und so gewöhnlich jetzt to nach Adjectiven, auch nach adjectiven Pronominen z. B. Marc. X. 40 ne is min to sellanne`i ow.

Jetzt auch bei der Mehrzahl der Verba (La. II. 386): so nach dem verb. substantiv, und nach have:

to whom the execution was to have been committed (Q. Dur. 401). wisdom is to be desired more than gold (Q. Dur.), whom hast thou then or what t'accuse (Mi. P. L. IV. 67); what has this to mean? (Le.); nor had what to reply (Mi. P. R.); s. oben, wo überhaupt mehrere Fälle schon mitbesprochen sind.

Aehnlich wie to bei to be scheint Macb. 1. 2 so should he look that seems to speak things strange, wenn Malone's Erklärung about to speak richtig ist, die plausibler erscheint als Delius' Deutung. it does not become me to forget it (Q. D.). no such idell games it ne cometh the to worche (Wa. 1. 14). and not desirith more to have (Ch. R. 5672). do: ic do eov to vitanne my lord dos the to undyrstande (Wa. I. 165) wenig verschieden von dem do me drenche (Ch. 11075), gleich faites me noyer, das auch ags. sich findet s. Hickes, Gr. A. S. 77; we do you to wit (2. Cor. 8), do me that to knowe (P. P.). ye doubt me to displese (Ch. Dr. 221). to be nedy he dredeth sore (Ch. R. 5707). to swinke and travaile he not fainith (Ch. R. 5688). it falls me here to write of chastity (S. 3. 1), it falleth not to the.. to pleye (Wa. 1. 14). he n'olde never fine to reden (Ch. 6370. 6718). Ch. Dr. 815: it was nothing fitting to void Pity. thou forgette her in thy songe to sette (Ch. Leg. 540). than thought I to frayne the first (P. P. Crede). I give you to know. let not thee grieve dismounted to have beene (S. 3. 1. 7). there I hope best to hulstrid be (Ch. R. 6149). whoso joyes such kind of life to hold (Wyat). I well have kend to be contrary to the worth (S. II. 8). I will labour to make thee full of growing (Macb. 1. 1). laugh to scorn the power of men (Macb. 4. 1). Sachs wiss. engl. Gramm. II.

5

leave to be mad (B. J. Catil. 3. 5.). only I have left to say (Macb. 1. 4). who so loves to here tales (Wa. I. 127). Tim prevailed upon a friend of mine to come (H. Clinker 144). I repent n'at to geve you lyfe (Ch.). Venice and Genoa rose from inconsiderable towns to be populous cities (Rob.). seeking the weake oppressed to relieve (S. 3. 1). he showeth to don a thing openly (Ch).

stand: miðoy ye bioðun stondende to gibioðanne (Marc. XI. 25). as I stode her to behold (Chr. Dr. 379), auch mit for: stood up for to read (Luc. 4. 16); myself stending now to be consul (B. J. Catil.). zealous advocates stand forth to support the respective claims (Rob.).

stint betime to spill thyselfe with playnt (Sackville.).

suffer him to find his quiet grave in peace (B. Fl. 2. 393). tell no man to unarm himself (Q. D. 482).

I did very much wonder not to have heard of any express relating (Sw. Lil. 101), von Sheridan getadelt, es solle at mit Particip sein.

Oft bleibt der Infin. fort und nur to wird gesetzt, z. B. they might have aided us; they ought to, und we have tried to like it, but it's hard to aus Zeitungen bei Br. 596; he cannot see the kitchen as he used to (D. Sketches 154) cf. p. 79.

Das im Nordischen gebrauchte at findet sich auch A.-E.: that ye wald grante to me that at wend with me to my purgrace chace (Ywain. Wa. 3. 120, im XV. saec. in Nord-England verfasst); noch jetzt in Westmoreland (s. Fowler Gram. p. 46) wie im Northumbrian-Dialect s. Wa. I. 110.

for to (here modern usage rejects the former preposition: the idiom is left to the uneducated. Br. 593) war ganz gewöhnlich im A.-E. cf. über diese Construction besonders Momsen, Romeo 163, der nachweist, dass for to in keinem der ächten Jugendwerke Sh's., dagegen oft in den unächten sich findet, in Royster Doyster 4 Mal, in Gorboduc gar nicht, sehr oft bei Gr. Schottisch steht dafür auch for till help him thai held thair way (Barbour), da till für to ganz gewöhnlich; aber auch he wyst no waill ther langar for to bide (Wa. 2. 116) no langar thar to byd (id. 117). for to encrese and nat to lesse. for to spare, so bei vouchsauf (Ch. 814), avail (3042), stint (R. 6852), shape (Ch 6136), make (id. 6430). Ch. R. 6845

und he saw na waill Ch. R. 5598 sette his besinesse Ch. R. 5640 if him luste not

I walkin soulis for to cure. I wald noght spare for to speke (Minot); a woman using for to chide (Ch. 6359). on bokis for to rede I me delite (Ch. X. 28). he brast out for to wepe (Ch. Dido 110). he chese him for to wende (Ch. 6497). Wa. I. 127 men lykyn jestis for to here. id. 157 they graunted with all skylle for to telle al at her wylle. forbid the sea for to obey the moon (Sh. W. T. I. 1). vor to (Somerset), so Negerenglisch hab for to keep mighty light eye pon him.

So auch nach Substant.: neede is (Ch. R. 5886), Wa. I. 61: it is wisdom for to wytten the state of the land he was in perill for to sterve (Ch. Dido 354), und beim Adjectiv: unsemli for to se (Wa. I. 192), Yorksh, thought it best for te be gone.

Die ursprüngliche Bedeutung,,damit" ist hier meist verwischt; für diese steht jetzt: in order to gratify them, invention must be always on the stretch (Rob.); aber ganz verschieden davon ist die absolute Construction für „als dass"... fortune has declared herself on his side too plainly, for me to struggle farther.. (Q. D. 496). cf. Presc. I. 164.

Auch andere Präpositionen kommen E., doch seltner (s. Br. 591) mit dem Inf. statt des Particip vor. what can she do besides sing? what has she done except rock herself? intemperance characterizes our discussions, that is calculated to embitter instead of conciliate. there is no difference between give and take. I was about to write (Revelat. 10. 4). so ist nach Adam's Gramm. amatum iri to be about to be loved; what are they about to do with the poor old bishop (Q.D.). he had nothing to doon safe shake a lite his eris (Ch. VI. 147). never thou deservedest wher. fore to die (Ch. 12150).

=

Gewöhnlicher sind

how: S. 3. 2: she wist not how t'amend so bei know, bei welchem sogar how that mit Indic. vorkommt (Romans VII. 1); cf. seing how she a princes is (Ch. Dr. 510); Ch. Dr. 278 imagining how to purchase grace so bei understand (Q. D. 416. B. Fl. 2. 400); Romans VII. 18 how to perform that which is good I find not; who showed him how to cut asparagus (J. Life of Swift); Mi. S. A.: sought by all means how to endear thee (id.); thou in old age carest how to nurse thy son (so bei Holinshed); instructed you how to expect a crown (Otway), taught you how to lead armies (id.); aber auch teach me what

to do (B. Fl. 2. 391); conjecte how to doen him fall (Ch. R. 6931); t'was how to raise thee I was meditating (B. J. Catil.).

Auch beim Substantiv z. B. Mi. Comus: extreme shift how to regain my company; in rewle how to susteyne his honoure (Ocleve); some cautions from his wife how to behave him (B. J. Catil.).

as: when her list .. as to carol and daunce (G.); Ch. 13172
I thee beseke as to be every wight buxom and meke, and for
to kepe our good be curious... besonders nach einem Adject.
mit so folgt as to: Q. Dur. 264: the Liegeois are not so idly
curious as to practise such a custom; wert thou so void of fear
or shame as offer them to me (Mi. P. R. IV.); can they so far
disgrace their calling as to make a vile traffic (V. o. W.); he
had penetrated as far into India as to confirm his opinion of
its importance (Rob.); oder nach such und einem Substantiv z.
B. I was no such fool as to cast pearls before swine (Q. D.
421), doch auch none is so wight wapins to welde (Ywain).
I cannot fear the war but to succeed well (B. J. Catil. 4. 6),
this cannot choose but strike confusion among the Burgundians
(Q. D. 462), this cannot but be denied (Blair. H. Clinker 22).
Zwei präposit. Infinitive neben einander sind ganz gewöhnlich:
Wa. I. 93 to latte the wille of Kyng Edward to wende to the holy
londe John I. 1 yet to avoid deceit I mean to learn; Mi. Comus
compell'd me to awake the courteous Echo to give me answer;
Jerem. 41. 17 to go to enter into Egypt; Sh.: for what had he to
do to chide at me?

sonst auch zwei Infinitive, von denen nur einer to hat, z. B. I dare engage to make it out (Swift) und populär: be suar an go (Lancash.).

Bei zwei in gleicher Weise abhängigen Infinitiven steht, wenn der erste to hat, dieses in der Regel auch beim zweiten, z. B. they gan their shivering speares to shake and deadly points at either's breast to bend (S. 4. 2. 14); taking no precautions to avoid the one, or to secure the other (Rob.), sogar Ch. R. 7519 for it is better still to be than for to spekin harme parde.

Doch Ch. 6801: chese now. to han me foul.. and be to you a true humble wif. Br. 596 tadelt dies, doch findet es sich sehr

oft: Ch. R. I am full redy him to accuse and him punish 9447; as good is blind to deceived be as be deceived whan a man may see (Ch. 9983), S. 2. 6. 17 what boots it all to have and nothing use? Sent. Journey 1, 50: I beg the world not to smile but pity me. more fit to do another such offence than die for this (M. f. M. 2. 3), there was nothing for him, but either to be trampled to death, or surrender at discretion (Macn, 159). cf. Q. D. 144, H. Clinker 354, Vanity Fair 3. 162, Matth. 8. 21. [cf. Br. 602].

Ist der 1. Infinit. ohne to, so kann auch der 2. so bleiben, z. B. Ch. 6805 wol ye han me yonge and faire and take your aventure; oft jedoch tritt beim 2. to ein, um die Abhängigkeit deutlicher anzuzeigen; so John 4. 2: didst let thy heart consent and consequently thy rude hand to act; id. 5. 2 where these 2 christian armies might combine... and not to spend it so unneighbourly.

III. Accusativus cum Infinitivo.
s. Gri, IV. 113.

Br. 475 hat manche irrige Ansicht darüber; wenn auch diese den classischen Sprachen nachgebildete Form nicht mehr jetzt so häufig ist als im 16. Jahrh., so ist es doch entschieden falsch, sie verwerfen oder so auffassen zu wollen, als es bei Br. geschieht. Die meisten Fälle, von denen einzelne sehr nahe an den blossen Infinitiv heranreichen (cf. Gri. IV. 122), lassen sich auf verba sentiendi und declarandi zurückführen und sind etwa folgende: which to have merited I cannot but acknowledge (Mi. S. A.) Spec. 95.

a tailor which he affirmed the Irishman to be (H. Clinker). allow a stranger to leave your town (Q. Dur.), ags. alyfe me to farenne (Math. 8. 21), aber J. Andr. 87 his face and person were such as the generality allowed handsome ohne Inf.

that announced him to be opinionative (Q. D.).

approving the use of vocal music to remain (Hooker). she beheld her husband break his neck (R.), she beheld them mount and go off (Q. D.).

I beseche hym make you all merry (Morus),

she bad her charett to be brought (S. 3. 4. 31). ould I but bring you to believe it (Q. D. 481).