✅ CHAPTER III. Influence of the Progress of Industry and Population on Rents, Profits, and Wages. 1. First case; population increasing, capital stationary, 2. Second case; capital increasing, population stationary, CHAPTER IV. Of the Tendency of Profits to a Minimum. § 1. Doctrine of Adam Smith on the competition of capital, -3. What determines the minimum rate of profit, 44. In opulent countries, profits habitually near to the minimum, - by improvements in production, - by the importation of cheap necessaries and instruments, § 1. Abstraction of capital not necessarily a national loss, 2. In opulent countries, the extension of machinery not detri- 327 § 1. The theory of dependence and protection no longer appli- PAGE 341 2. The future well-being of the labouring classes principally 3. Probable effects of improved intelligence in causing a better 4. Tendency of society towards the disuse of the relation of 5. Examples of the association of labourers with capitalists, CHAPTER II. Of the General Principles of Taxation. CHAPTER III. Of Direct Taxes. CHAPTER IV. Of Taxes on Commodities. 1. A Tax on all Commodities would fall on profits, 2. Taxes on particular commodities fall on the consumer, . -3. Peculiar effects of taxes on necessaries, 一4. - how modified by the tendency of profits to a minimum, 5. Effects of discriminating duties, 6. Effects produced on international exchange by duties on ex- CHAPTER V. Of some other Taxes. § 1. Arguments for and against direct taxation, ✓ CHAPTER VIII. Of the Ordinary Functions of Govern ment considered as to their Economical Effects. 489 5. Laws of Partnership, CHAPTER XI. Of the Grounds and Limits of the Laisser- faire or Non-Interference Principle. § 1. Governmental intervention distinguished into authoritative 558 2. Objections to government intervention-the compulsory but liable to large exceptions. Cases in which the con- 9. Case of persons exercising power over others. Protection 10. Case of contracts in perpetuity, 13. Case of acts done for the benefit of others than the persons |