The Economic Interpretation of History: (lectures Delivered in Worcester College Hall, Oxford, 1887-8)T. Fisher Unwin, 1888 - 547 стор. |
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Сторінка 9
... trade of the time More than a century before this time , permission was given to export wool in certain quantities at certain prices , the prices not being quite so high as those in the schedule of 1454. It is possible that the object ...
... trade of the time More than a century before this time , permission was given to export wool in certain quantities at certain prices , the prices not being quite so high as those in the schedule of 1454. It is possible that the object ...
Сторінка 11
... trade depended on the Egyptian road being kept open , and this remaining road was early threatened . The beginning of this discovery was the work of a Portuguese prince . The expedition of Columbus was an attempt to discover a passage ...
... trade depended on the Egyptian road being kept open , and this remaining road was early threatened . The beginning of this discovery was the work of a Portuguese prince . The expedition of Columbus was an attempt to discover a passage ...
Сторінка 34
... trade , or to exact more than such legal fees for their freedom as were permitted under existing laws . I am sensible that the recital which I have made of these ancient laws is dry and dull . But you cannot study the history of any ...
... trade , or to exact more than such legal fees for their freedom as were permitted under existing laws . I am sensible that the recital which I have made of these ancient laws is dry and dull . But you cannot study the history of any ...
Сторінка 39
... trade unions . The justices are to hold a rating sessions ( they generally held it a little after Easter ) , in which they are to fix the rate of wages in all employments , summer and winter , by day or year , with board or without ...
... trade unions . The justices are to hold a rating sessions ( they generally held it a little after Easter ) , in which they are to fix the rate of wages in all employments , summer and winter , by day or year , with board or without ...
Сторінка 47
... trade country to reverse its policy , than it is for one which is protectionist to abandon that . To fall into a ... trade with one's own fellow countrymen is the safest and least risky trade of all . Everything therefore , be it law ...
... trade country to reverse its policy , than it is for one which is protectionist to abandon that . To fall into a ... trade with one's own fellow countrymen is the safest and least risky trade of all . Everything therefore , be it law ...
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Загальні терміни та фрази
Adam Smith agriculture alleged ancient assessment Bank of England borrow British called capital causes cent charge colonies Corn Laws cost course Crown estate currency customs debt doubt Dutch duty early economical economists effect eighteenth century employer English Europe exceedingly exchange experience exports fact farmers fifteenth century Flanders foreign France freight French gold grants Henry Henry VIII imports income industry interest king labour laissez faire land landowners lecture levied liabilities loans Lollards London Lord manufacture means ment merchants nation paid Parliament perhaps persons political poor practice principle produce profit protection Protectionist purchase Quarter Sessions railways reason reign rent revenue secure seignorage seventeenth century silver sole market statute Statute of Labourers supply Tandridge taxation tenant tion towns trade United Kingdom wages wealth Whigs workmen
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Сторінка 117 - The subjects of every state ought to contribute towards the support of the government, as nearly as possible, in proportion to their respective abilities ; that is, in proportion to the revenue which they respectively enjoy under the protection of the state.
Сторінка 386 - But it cannot be expected that individuals should, at their own risk, or rather to their certain loss, introduce a new manufacture, and bear the burden of carrying it on until the producers have been educated up to the level of those with whom the processes are traditional. A protecting duty, continued for a reasonable time, might sometimes be the least inconvenient mode in which the nation can tax itself for the support of such an experiment.
Сторінка 386 - The only case in which, on mere principles of .political economy, protecting duties can be defensible, is when they are imposed temporarily (especially in a young and rising nation) in hopes of naturalizing a foreign industry, in itself perfectly suitable to the circumstances of the country.
Сторінка 386 - IN WHICH, ON MERE PRINCIPLES OF POLITICAL ECONOMY, PROTECTING DUTIES CAN BE DEFENSIBLE, Is when they are imposed temporarily (especially in a young and rising nation) in hopes of naturalizing a foreign industry, in itself perfectly suitable to the circumstances of the country. The superiority of one country over another in a branch of production, often arises only from having begun it sooner. There may be no inherent advantage on one part, or disadvantage on the other, but only a present superiority...
Сторінка 339 - ... possessed a great empire on the west side of the Atlantic. This empire, however, has hitherto existed in imagination only. It has hitherto been, not an empire, but the project of an empire ; not a gold mine, but the project of a gold mine ; a project which has cost, which continues to cost, and which, if pursued in the same way as it has been hitherto, is likely to cost, immense...
Сторінка 11 - ... of price in all Eastern products, at the close of the first quarter of the sixteenth century, and found that it must have come from the conquest of Egypt. The river of commerce was speedily dried up. The cities which had thriven on it were gradually ruined, at least in so far as this source of their wealth was concerned. The Nile became flumen t'j'otiim Hedo in a commercial sense, and the trade of the Danube and the Rhine ceased. The Italian cities fell into rapid decay.
Сторінка 338 - The rulers of Great Britain have, for more than a century, past, amused the people with the imagination that they possessed a great empire on the west side of the Atlantic. This empire, however, has hitherto existed in imagination only. It has hitherto been, not an empire, but the project of an empire...
Сторінка 110 - War the most disastrous struggle in which France was ever engaged. For all the wars in Europe, from the Peace of Utrecht to the outbreak of the great Continental War, were waged on behalf of monopolies of commerce, or, to be more accurate, monopolies of market, for success meant the exclusion of the beaten nation from the markets now secured by the victorious rival. At the end of the Seven Years' War France was stripped of nearly every colony she possessed.
Сторінка 11 - The cities which had thriven on it were gradually ruined, at least in so far as this source of their wealth was concerned, and the trade of the Danube and Rhine ceased. The Italian cities fell into rapid decay. The German nobles, who had got themselves incorporated among the burghers of the free cities, were impoverished, and betook themselves to the obvious expedient of reimbursing their losses by the pillage of their tenants. Then came the Peasants' war, its ferocious incidents, its cruel suppression,...