The Economic Interpretation of History: (lectures Delivered in Worcester College Hall, Oxford, 1887-8)T. Fisher Unwin, 1888 - 547 стор. |
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Сторінка vi
... tion is the folly of another . Many years ago I began to suspect that much of the political economy which was currently in authority was a collection of logomachies , which had but little relation to the facts of social life . Accident ...
... tion is the folly of another . Many years ago I began to suspect that much of the political economy which was currently in authority was a collection of logomachies , which had but little relation to the facts of social life . Accident ...
Сторінка 3
... tion has not been bestowed on their later development . The evidence on this , in the court rolls of manors , is exceedingly abundant in England . These documents are remarkably illustrative of village life and of the surviving relics ...
... tion has not been bestowed on their later development . The evidence on this , in the court rolls of manors , is exceedingly abundant in England . These documents are remarkably illustrative of village life and of the surviving relics ...
Сторінка 16
... tion of the English peasant was in marked contrast to the lot of the French roturier and the Teutonic bauer . There was but a small surplus population quartered on the products of the soil . The labour of the husbandman was not ...
... tion of the English peasant was in marked contrast to the lot of the French roturier and the Teutonic bauer . There was but a small surplus population quartered on the products of the soil . The labour of the husbandman was not ...
Сторінка 17
... tion of facts that , whenever a scarcity occurs in any necessary agent or product , the rise among the severally related forms of the service or product is always greatest in that which had hitherto been the lowest . Thus , in materials ...
... tion of facts that , whenever a scarcity occurs in any necessary agent or product , the rise among the severally related forms of the service or product is always greatest in that which had hitherto been the lowest . Thus , in materials ...
Сторінка 20
... tion , of this living instrument are manifest enough . His remunera- tion must cover this contingent charge , or it must be covered at the expense of others . The machinery of the English poor law enables the employer , who reaps the ...
... tion , of this living instrument are manifest enough . His remunera- tion must cover this contingent charge , or it must be covered at the expense of others . The machinery of the English poor law enables the employer , who reaps the ...
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Загальні терміни та фрази
Adam Smith agriculture alleged ancient assessment Bank of England borrow British called capital causes cent charge colonies Corn Laws cost course Crown estate currency customs debt doubt Dutch duty early economical economists effect eighteenth century employer English Europe exceedingly exchange experience exports fact farmers fifteenth century Flanders foreign France freight French gold grants Henry Henry VIII imports income industry interest king labour laissez faire land landowners lecture levied liabilities loans Lollards London Lord manufacture means ment merchants nation paid Parliament perhaps persons political poor practice principle produce profit protection Protectionist purchase Quarter Sessions railways reason reign rent revenue secure seignorage seventeenth century silver sole market statute Statute of Labourers supply Tandridge taxation tenant tion towns trade United Kingdom wages wealth Whigs workmen
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Сторінка 117 - The subjects of every state ought to contribute towards the support of the government, as nearly as possible, in proportion to their respective abilities ; that is, in proportion to the revenue which they respectively enjoy under the protection of the state.
Сторінка 386 - But it cannot be expected that individuals should, at their own risk, or rather to their certain loss, introduce a new manufacture, and bear the burden of carrying it on until the producers have been educated up to the level of those with whom the processes are traditional. A protecting duty, continued for a reasonable time, might sometimes be the least inconvenient mode in which the nation can tax itself for the support of such an experiment.
Сторінка 386 - The only case in which, on mere principles of .political economy, protecting duties can be defensible, is when they are imposed temporarily (especially in a young and rising nation) in hopes of naturalizing a foreign industry, in itself perfectly suitable to the circumstances of the country.
Сторінка 386 - IN WHICH, ON MERE PRINCIPLES OF POLITICAL ECONOMY, PROTECTING DUTIES CAN BE DEFENSIBLE, Is when they are imposed temporarily (especially in a young and rising nation) in hopes of naturalizing a foreign industry, in itself perfectly suitable to the circumstances of the country. The superiority of one country over another in a branch of production, often arises only from having begun it sooner. There may be no inherent advantage on one part, or disadvantage on the other, but only a present superiority...
Сторінка 339 - ... possessed a great empire on the west side of the Atlantic. This empire, however, has hitherto existed in imagination only. It has hitherto been, not an empire, but the project of an empire ; not a gold mine, but the project of a gold mine ; a project which has cost, which continues to cost, and which, if pursued in the same way as it has been hitherto, is likely to cost, immense...
Сторінка 11 - ... of price in all Eastern products, at the close of the first quarter of the sixteenth century, and found that it must have come from the conquest of Egypt. The river of commerce was speedily dried up. The cities which had thriven on it were gradually ruined, at least in so far as this source of their wealth was concerned. The Nile became flumen t'j'otiim Hedo in a commercial sense, and the trade of the Danube and the Rhine ceased. The Italian cities fell into rapid decay.
Сторінка 338 - The rulers of Great Britain have, for more than a century, past, amused the people with the imagination that they possessed a great empire on the west side of the Atlantic. This empire, however, has hitherto existed in imagination only. It has hitherto been, not an empire, but the project of an empire...
Сторінка 110 - War the most disastrous struggle in which France was ever engaged. For all the wars in Europe, from the Peace of Utrecht to the outbreak of the great Continental War, were waged on behalf of monopolies of commerce, or, to be more accurate, monopolies of market, for success meant the exclusion of the beaten nation from the markets now secured by the victorious rival. At the end of the Seven Years' War France was stripped of nearly every colony she possessed.
Сторінка 11 - The cities which had thriven on it were gradually ruined, at least in so far as this source of their wealth was concerned, and the trade of the Danube and Rhine ceased. The Italian cities fell into rapid decay. The German nobles, who had got themselves incorporated among the burghers of the free cities, were impoverished, and betook themselves to the obvious expedient of reimbursing their losses by the pillage of their tenants. Then came the Peasants' war, its ferocious incidents, its cruel suppression,...