Decemb. 13. There was no change in the three firft receivers ; but in the PNEUMATICS. fourth, the height was fourteen inches.

Decemb. 20. In the firft receiver, the height was forty-fix; in the fourth,

twenty-four; the reft were not chang'd.

Decemb. 21. In the first receiver, the height was fifty-two; in the fourth, twenty-five; in the reft, no change.

Decemb. 22. The height of the mercury in the first receiver was fixty; in the fourth, twenty-feven; no change in the reft.

Decemb. 27. In the fourth receiver, the height was twenty-nine; the reit were not chang'd.

Jan. 1. 1679. The oifters in the third receiver, had ting'd the water. black.

Jan. 25. The mercury in vacuo feem'd ftill to remain, almost, at the fame height. But this day, fome bubbles were form'd in the turpentine, by the internal air, about the juncture of the cover with the receiver. I, therefore, open'd the receiver, and found the oifters very fetid. I, likewife, open'd the other receivers, and found the oifters of an ill fcent, and turn'd to a kind of vifcid gelly.

This experiment feems to inform us, that fifh produce less air than flesh; yet will be corrupted, tho' defended against the air.

in a receiver.

(179.) Nov. 29. 1678. I exactly fill'd a glass veffel, with fresh and unfal- Butter included ted butter; then ftopt it with a screw. A mercurial gage was included in the fame veffel.

Nov. 30. In the night, the cold being very fharp, the butter was condens'd; for the mercury approach'd nearer to the aperture of its gage. Decemb. 2. The mercury came ftill nearer to the aperture of its gage; perhaps, because the cold daily increas'd.

Decemb. 5. The cold being abated, the mercury return'd almoft to its former height.

Part of the fame butter, being left in the air, began to have a very fmell.

bad

Decemb. 7. The cold returning, the mercury, again, came to the top of its gage. The butter left in the air, fmelt worse than before, tho' it was ftill edible.

Decemb.24. The butter had produced no air; being taken out of the receiver, it was of a grateful tafte, except, only, a little of the fuperficies, which lay contiguous to the leather spread over the cover.

It follows, that butter may be kept a great while, if it be defended from the external air.

(181) Nov. 30. 1678. I fill'd two receivers with whitings; and that no whitings and air might be left in the vacant spaces, into the one I pour'd wine; and into the wine, and whiother, oifters, with their juice; fo that both receivers were exactly fill'd. included in reWhen I had afterwards clos'd their covers with fcrews, the air in the mer-ceivers. curial gages was comprefs'd; but in three hours fpace the mercury again return'd to its former mark.

Decemb. 2. The cold increafing, the mercury came nearer to the aperture

of its gage in both receivers."

Nnnn 2

Decemb.

PNEUMATICS.

included in receivers.

Decemb. 4. The cold ceafing, the mercury afcended very much in that receiver wherein the oifters were; but, in the other, it moved not.

Decemb. 5. In the receiver, containing the oifters, the height of the mercury was 20 inches; but, in the other, it was not yet return'd to its ufuat height.

Deceml. 7. In the receiver with oifters, the height of the mercury was 40; in the other, it continued ftill below its ftandard.

Decemb. 9. The mercury, in both receivers, was changed little or nothing.

Decemb. 20. When the mercury alter'd no more, I open'd the receivers, and both of them were very fetid. It here feemed new to me, that the receiver, in which the wine was, had admitted of corruption, without producing air; for, hitherto, all bodies, whilft they were corrupting, had produced fome.

Beef with Spice, (181.) Decemb. 3. 1678. I put raw beef into two large receivers, with pepper and cloves; and that no air might be left in the interftices, I pour'd beer upon them; and, in no long time after, found the preffure of the air, in the receivers, to be abated; the mercury, in the gages, coming to the open ends.

Larks, with

beef and ale, in

Decemb. 8. The mercury afcended not in either of the receivers. I open'd the one, that I might boil the flesh; which had contracted a fweet fcent from the cloves; and the liquor, contain'd in the fame receiver, before it was boil'd, fmeli'd like hippocras.

:

Jan. 2. 1679. I open'd the other receiver, and found no air produced therein the flesh was not at all corrupted; and, when I boil'd it in vacuo, I obferv'd, that if a more intenfe fire were made, the air, or fome fpirits, broke thro the ftop-cock, which was faften'd to the top of the receiver. The receiver, being cooled, all the night, was, the day after, found, almoft, quite empty of air. The flesh was very tender, and well tafted, only it was a little over-boil'd; for it had been kept on the fire full fix hours.

Hence we have a confirmation, that beer may be useful to preferve flesh, especially if the bitter taste thereof be corrected by aromatics.

(182.) Decemb. 4. 1678. I included two larks, with fome beef, in a reluded in a receiver, and fill'd all the fpaces, unpoffefs'd by the flesh, with ale; at the fame time, I fill'd another receiver, with the fame fort of beef, adding beer, alfo, but no larks.

ceiver.

Decemb. 9. Some pieces, cut off from the larks, and exposed to the air, began to fmell ill; but thofe included in the receiver, had produced little air; for the mercury was not yet come five inches above its wonted height. In the other receiver it was not moved.

Decemb. 19. In the receiver, which contained the larks, the mercury afcended no higher; for the cover being broken, fuffer'd the liquor to run out. Wherefore, I open'd the receiver, and boil'd both the beef and the larks, which were not at all corrupted, but very grateful to the palate. The beef had contracted a pleafant tafte; partly from the larks, and partly from the beer.

Decemb

Decemb. 23. I open'd the other receiver, and the flesh being boiled, PNEUMATICE. feem'd pleafant; yet not fo pleafant as that which received a venifon-like tafte from the larks.

Hence birds may be long preferv'd by the help of beer, or ale. (183) December 14. I included apples in four receivers: in the first was a whole apple, and all the interftices were fill'd with powder'd fugar: in the fecond, was an apple cut in pieces, and the spaces fill'd with fugar, as before in the third, was, alfo, an apple, cut; but the reft of the receiver was fill'd with water, wherewith a tenth part of fugar had been mixed: in the fourth, the apple was alfo cut, and the spaces fill'd with a folution of one part fugar, and five of water.

Decemb. 21. In the firft receiver, the mercury began to afcend a little, yet the fugar did not diffolve; in the fecond receiver, all the fugar was melted, and the pieces of apple were fhrivel'd: they produced much air, when firft put into the receiver. In the two other receivers, the mercury began, alfo, to afcend; but, in the third, the pieces of apple were very much corrupted, their skin being taken off.

Decemb. 22. Air was produced in all the receivers; but the quantities did not bear the fame proportion amongst themselves, as the quantities of the fugar: for, in the fecond receiver, much air was produced; but, in the fourth, the mercury afcended lefs than in the third. Some air was, alfo, generated in the firft.

Decemb. 27. In the three firft receivers, the height of the mercury was ten inches; but in the fourth, only fix.

Decemb. 31. In the first and fecond receiver, the height of the mercury was 13; in the third, 15; in the fourth, only 9.

Jan. 2. 1679. In the firft and fecond receiver, the height of the mercury was almost 14; in the third, 17; in the fourth, 11.

Jan. 7. In the fecond, the height of the mercury was 16; in the third, 36; in the fourth, 15; but, in the firft, the mercury had not afcended, and fomething had efcaped out of the receiver: I, therefore, eafed the fcrew, that I might difpofe it the better, and then the air made an escape.

Jan. 9. In the first receiver, the height was fix inches; in the second 16; in the third, 39; in the fourth, 15.

Jan. 17. In the firft receiver, the height was 13; in the fecond, 19; in the third, 56; in the fourth, 17.

Jan. 30. In the third receiver, the height of the mercury was 76 inches, and the liquor got out; I, therefore, open'd it, and found the fruit to have loft much of its tafte; but the waterhad contracted it, and was pleafant to the palate. In the fecond receiver, the mercury afcended no more. I open'd this, alfo, and found the fruit much more pleasant than the other; yet much of its tafte was imparted to the fugar, which was turn'd into a very good fyrup.

Feb. 16. The height of the ches; but, in the fourth, 33.

mercury, in the first receiver, was 22 in-
This I open'd, and found the fruit to

Apples included

in receivers.

PNEUMATICS have loft much of its tafte; and that the ambient water had got it, and was thereby turn'd into a pleasant drink.

Alark included with milk.

Alark included in a receiver

with butter.

Feb. 27. In the first receiver, the height of the mercury was thirty

nches.

March 15. In the first receiver, the height of the mercury was not changed; but, now, fomething escaped out of the receiver: Iopen'd it, and found the apple of a laudable colour; but the pulp was fpongy, and had loft much of its tafte.

This experiment feems to teach, that fugar is not fo fit to preferve fruits, as fermented liquors.

(184) December 23. I fill'd a glass veffel with milk, then ftopp'd it with a fcrew; and, into another receiver, I put a lark with milk, and ftopp'd it clofe.

Decemb. 24. This evening I perceiv'd, that the cafeous part was feparated from the butyrous, in the clofed receivers; as well as in the milk, which, at the fame time, I left exposed to the air.

Decemb. 27. I found no air produced in the receiver which held the lark ; but, in the other, the mercurial gage was fpoiled.

Decemb. 31. The mercury afcended in that receiver which contain'd the lark; but the milk left in the air, at the fame time that I ftopp'd the receivers, stunk three days ago.

Jan. 1. In the receiver which held the lark, the height of the mercury was ten inches.

Jan. 2. The height of the mercury was 14. The milk ftagnant below the butyrous part, appear'd of a red colour.

Jan. 4. The height of the mercury was 19. Some white fediment was concreted at the bottom of the milk.

Jan. 9. The height of the mercury was 29 inches.

Jan. 25. I open'd both receivers: the lark fmelt only ftrong, tho' it had been kept 32 days; when boil'd, it was of a pleafant tafte. In the other receiver, the cafeous part of the milk was fub-acid, and grateful; but the butyrous part was not four at all.

This experiment informs us, that, fometimes, milk may be successfully ufed to preferve flesh.

(185) Decemb. 24. 1678. I put a lark into a small receiver, and pour'd butter upon it, melted over a flow fire, till all the interftices were exactly fill'd; then I closed the cover with a screw.

Decemb. 27. The mercury approached nearer to the aperture of its gage. The butter feem'd to be alter'd; for the loweft part of it was yellower, and the middle whiter than before. The upper-part was fluid.

Jan. 5. 1679. The mercury return'd, by degrees, to its wonted height.
Jan. 9. The mercury was fomewhat higher.

Jan. 28. The mercury was little changed. I open'd the receiver, and found that part of the butter, contiguous to the leather, fpread over the cover, to be white, and of a very unpleasant tafte. The butter, more remote from the leather, was yellow, and fomething fetid, tho' edible. But

the

the lark being roafted, was grateful to the palate, tho' it had been kept PNEUMATICS. 34 days. This experiment feems to fhew, that hot melted butter is not very fuccefsfully ufed to preferve flefh.

vacuo.

(186.) Jan. 4. 1679. Î included boil'd flesh in an exhaufted receiver, Boiled flesh is ftopp'd with a icrew; and fill'd the interftices, exactly, with broth of the fame flesh, which feem'd a little too falt. Whilft I fet the fcrew, all things in the receiver were comprefs'd; and the mercury afcended to the height of fix inches into the gage; but it foon return'd to its wonted height.

Jan. 28. The air was, gradually, more confumed, fo that the mercury now defcended eight inches below its ufual ftandard. I open'd the receiver, and found the flesh very fweet and tender. The broth, alfo, had an acidifh, but a very grateful taste.

This experiment fhews, that boil'd flesh may be long preferv'd good; which is a great convenience at fea, where, perhaps, there might be no occafion for falt meat. For, after raw flefh hath been included in fcrew'd veffels, as long as experience fhews there is no danger of its corrupting, it may be taken out, and, being perfectly boil'd, be again included in the fame receivers; and fo, doubtlefs, it may be kept for a great while without falt.

(187) Jan. 30. 1679. I put raw flesh into two receivers; to the first, Raw flesh in I added pepper and cloves; in the fecond, I mixed nothing.

cluded, with and without

Feb. 11. The height of the mercury, in the first receiver, was three inches; Spice. in the fecond below 1.

Feb. 12. The height of the mercury, in the firft receiver, was 4; in the fecond, not above 1.

Feb. 13. In he firft receiver, the height of the mercury was above fix inches; in the fecond, three. I boil'd the flesh of the first receiver, and it was very pleasant, and tender.

Feb. 14. The height of the mercury, in the fecond receiver, was five. Feb. 19. The height of the mercury, in the fecond receiver, was eight. Feb. 20. The height of the mercury, in the fecond receiver, was II. I boil'd the flesh, and found it very tender, tho' it remain'd over the fire in Balneo Maria, only for three quarters of an hour. I put fome part of this flesh, before it was boil'd, into a receiver, and filled all the vacuities, as exactly as I could, with the fame flefh, to try how long the flesh might be preferv'd, when the air was thus excluded.

Feb. 28. The mercury afcended very little.

March 20. The height of the mercury was about 16 inches. I open'd the receiver, and the flesh feem'd of a pleasant tafte, yet inclining to corruption.

(188) February 10. I put raw beef into three receivers in the firft, Raw beef inclu the beef was feafon'd with pepper and cloves; in the fecond, it was en- with falt-water, compafs'd with falt-water; in the third, I put neither falt nor fpice.

Feb. 19. Four days ago, the mercury afcended in the third receiver;

n the firft, also, it began to afcend; but, in the second, not at all.

and a-part.

Feb.