more of a similar nature. The dragon's teeth which Horace Greeley had been so long and industriously sow

ing had come to a ripe and ruinous harvest.

It was not condemnation alone that Nast received for his telling warfare. Scores and hundreds of letters of commendation poured in upon him. Grant papers rejoiced and sang

his praises. Every journal in the land printed column editorials for or against him, comparing his work with that of Morgan, according to their lights and political convictions. General Horace Porter, then private secretary to Grant, wrote him from Long Branch, "Your pictures of Greeley branding the Democrats, and of the starvation of mothers and rags of children, ought to be in the hands of every Southern white man.”

In October, Colonel Chipman, who had just been reëlected to his seat, wrote:

My majority of 5,400 was a great triumph.

Speaking of Grant, I called there yesterday-Wednesday. The conversation turned on the means of electioneering and he asked me if I had seen the last Harper's. He went into his bedroom and brought out your " Tidal Wave." He said he was with you and your pictures like the fellow who travelled with

the menagerie because he knew that some day the lion would bite the man's head off and he wanted to be there to see. The President said he hoped never to see you break down, but he felt your services had been so great and your genius so unprecedented that he was looking weekly to see you fall off in power, but that you got better and better.

The campaign of caricature ravaged on. Each week Morgan strove to rise to new heights of vilification-each week Nast produced more of the blighting testimony from Greeley's own pen, illustrated in a manner more savage and more scathing. Greeley whitewashing the Tammany Tiger (an idea used many times since)-Gree

ley with the sacred white hat and coat covering the "Monument of Infamy erected by his former enemies-Greeley clasping hands across the wide grave-fields of Andersonville, the "Bloodiest of Chasms "-Greeley clasping hands with the Shade of Wilkes Booth over the grave of Lincoln: pictorial ferocity could go no further, and the terrible shots did not fail of their mark-the political apostasy

THE WHITED SEPULCHRE. COVERING THE MONUMENT OF
INFAMY WITH HIS WHITE HAT AND COAT

of Horace Greeley. Men to-day can judge better the cruel vindictiveness of that struggle through a contemplation of its caricatures than by the reading of any printed page.*

It is hardly necessary to say that the pictures went too far. They are deplored now, and they were deplored then. The Post in a two-column editorial lamented that such means were considered necessary to the end in view. The Atlantic Monthly gave Nast credit for "cleverness and effectiveness" but cited instances as far back as Socrates and the days of the Peloponnesian War to show why caricature should be good-natured. It further expressed a conviction that, after all, the "Tammany

ONE OF THE CARTOONS AGAINST CURTIS AND NAST, BY BELLEW *Nast himself did not escape. In an illustrated paper, the Fifth Avenue Journal, he was caricatured almost weekly-his friend Bellew having been engaged to do the work. One of these pictures, entitled Mixing Day at Harper's-Making Mud to Fling at Greeley," shows Curtis, prim and immaculate in all save his hands, saying to Nast, across a bowl of filth:

"Don't spit in it, Thomas; it is not gentlemanly."

Tiger Loose" should "never have been drawn," for the reason that the traditions of the Roman arena were not wholly in keeping with the sentiment which the artist had meant to convey. Then it gravely adds: "It may be urged in reply to this criticism that the people of New York are not classical enough to be affected by such considerations."

The fierce farcical campaign drew toward its sorrowful end. Near its close, Mr. Greeley himself made a Western tour, addressing vast crowds daily, and many times a day, for more than a fortnight. His case was a sorry one, but he presented it in a manner which won him the vast applause of the multitudes.

The personal following of Horace Greeley was enormous and the Republican managers became alarmed as to the effect of his superb oratory. Never had he been more brilliant. Never had he been more forcible; never more convincing as a debater, a mover of masses, a man of ready thought and strong idiomatic speech. It has been said that " he called out a larger proportion of those who intended to vote against him than any candidate had ever before succeeded in doing."

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For the moment, Mr. Greeley must have believed in his

* Blaine: "Twenty Years in Congress "

election. The masses

crowded about him and cheered at every pause. Even when, as at Pittsburg, he was led into some unfortunate remarks which were construed as indicating a lingering belief in secession and a regret of the old Abolition creed, there was nothing but commendation for "Old Horace," whose paper the people had read and loved so long.

The first blow to his hopes came with the State returns from Vermont and Maine, which gave increased Republican majorities. Georgia brightened the horizon for an instant. Then the returns from Pennsylvania, Ohio and Indiana came in, three of the States he had canvassed, and his defeat was sure.

At this trying moment, his wife, long ill with consumption, died. Mr. Greeley spent many hours at her bedside, and, with the burden of the campaign upon him, his own health was undermined. When election day came with its overwhelming defeat -when it was reported that Pennsylvania had given more than one hundred and thirty-seven thousand majority for Grant, and that other States had surpassed any former record-he was crushed and heart-broken.

Yet in spite of everything, he promptly returned to his editor