Monro re-assembled his forces, and, being joined by Sir John Clotworthy and his regiment, set out to meet the earl. Having reached Glenarm, he found Antrim had retired to Dunluce; and probably meeting with opposition here, he burned the town, and proceeded towards the north of the county. Here he was joined by additional levies from Scotland, belonging principally to Argyle's regiment. Aided by this reinforcement, he invested Dunluce, and forced the earl to surrender himself and castle into his hands. (0) Monro confined his noble prisoner in Carrickfergus, and placed his lieutenant-colonel in charge of that important post-the castle of Dunluce. At the same time, he garrisoned the other fortified places belonging to Antrim with the regiment of Argyle the hereditary foe of the house of the Macdonnells. The rebels, who had hitherto possessed and ravaged the northcrn part of the county, having fled before him across the Bann, he immediately returned, with a considerable booty of cows, to his head-quarters at Carrickfergus.

Meanwhile, those fugitives from the county of Antrim under the command of Alaster Macdonnell, or Colkittagh, effected a junction with Sir Phelim O'Neill, who was still lurking among the fastnesses of the county of Derry. O'Neill, being apprized of the distressed state of the Lagan forces, through want of provisions and ammunition, and encouraged by this unexpected reinforcement, resolved to make another desperate effort to retrieve his sinking cause in that part of the province. He accordingly collected all the levies which could be raised in the adjoining counties, and marched into Donegall, to meet Sir William and Sir Robert Stewart.

30 Cox, ii. 114. Carte (i. 310.) gives a different account of the capture of Antrim. He states that the earl received Monro hospitably at Dunluce," and provided for him a great entertainment;"-not a very likely way to greet the destroyer of his town and castle of Glenarm, the fires of which were scarcely extinguished,—and that after the feast, Monro treacherously seized on Antrim, and thus secured possession of the castle. But Cox's account ought to be preferred to that of Carte, who was most violently prejudiced against the Scots, and sought every opportunity of rendering them odious, even at the expense of truth.

On Thursday, the sixteenth of June, both parties met at Glenmack win, beside Raphoe; and after the severest conflict which had yet taken place in Ulster, the rebels were totally routed, with the loss, according to some, of five hundred men. The victorious commanders, however, were prevented, by their want of supplies, from pursuing the fugitives. (31)

Shortly after this decisive victory, Monro, in conjunction with the lords Conway, Ards and Claneboy, made a second descent upon the rebels in the county of Armagh. They took the fort of Dungannon-re-entered Armagh-burned Sir Phelim O'Neill's house near Caledon-and invested Charlemont, the only place of strength possessed by the rebels in this part of the province. But owing to the want of ammunition, and the scarcity of provisions, Monro was forced to abandon the siege, and returned again, by way of Newry, to his quarters at Carrickfergus.

About the same time, Sir John Clotworthy defeated the rebels in several skirmishes on Lough Neagh, the command of which had been intrusted to him by a special resolution of the English commons. (32) They authorized him to provide vessels for the defence of the Lough, and its extensive line of

31 Carte, i. 310. Cox, ii. 115. The latter estimates the number of the rebels slain in this battle at two hundred.

text.

32 The following is the resolution of the parliament alluded to in the "27 January, 1641-2. Resolved, upon the question, that this house holds it fit that Sir John Clotworthy (as his father before had) shall have the command of the bark, and the boats to be provided for the defence and safety of the lough in Ireland, called Lough Neagh, alias Lough Sydney; and that he shall have the like wages as his father had: And he is to build the hulls of the bark and the boats, and to maintain them at his own charge: But he is to have so much monies presently allowed him as shall be necessary for their rigging, according to the note agreed upon by the committee for the Irish affairs.

"Sir John Clotworthy is to have for this service as captain, 15 shillings per diem, his lieutenant 4 shillings per day, the master 4 shillings per day, master's mate 2 shillings per day, master-gunner 18 pence per day, two gunners 12 pence a-piece per day, and 40 common men 18 pence a-piece per diem." Commons' Journals.

coast; and to man them with a competent force, who were to be in the pay of the parliament. He accordingly built a large vessel, called the Sydney, of about twenty tons burden, and furnished with six brass guns; and about a dozen smaller boats, carrying sixty men each, and capable of transporting a thousand men to any part of the Lough. These he placed under the command of his relative, captain Langford, and of the celebrated Owen O'Connolly, who had returned with him from London, and on whom he had also conferred the command of a company in his regiment of foot. James Clotworthy, the brother of Sir John, was lieutenant-colonel of this regiment, and held the fort of Mountjoy in Tyrone, on the opposite side of the lough from Antrim, with which, by means of the boats, he maintained constant intercourse.

While in this post, Colonel Clotworthy gained several important advantages over the rebels; driving them from certain entrenchments which they had formed upon that side of the Lough; routing Sir Phelim O'Neill in the beginning of July, with the loss of his lieutenant-colonel, one of the O'Quins, several officers, and about sixty men; and breaking up an encampment of the rebels at Moneymore, where he saved the lives of one hundred and twenty English and Scottish prisoners, whom they were just preparing to murder. Sir John also erected a fort at Toome upon the Bann, which gave him the command of that river, and enabled his regiment to make incursions, at their pleasure, into the county of Derry. To retaliate these inroads, the Irish garrison at Charlemont also built several boats, in which they sailed down the river Blackwater into the Lough, and plundered the coast in various directions. Several skirmishes occurred between these boats and those of Sir John Clotworthy, until the beginning of July, when the rebels were at length entirely routed, with the loss of above sixty men; and their boats, with a large number of prisoners, were conveyed in triumph to Antrim. (33)

33 Cox, ii. 115. See also a small but curious tract entitled," A relation from Belfast in Ireland sent to a friend, mentioning some late

These vigorous proceedings contributed to restore partial peace to Ulster. The Romanist party, defeated in so many quarters, despaired of being able to offer any further opposition to the Scottish and British forces; and the insurgent leaders came to the resolution of disbanding their followers, and retiring for safety either to the continent, or to the highlands of Scotland.

This cessation of hostilities, though partial and temporary, paved the way for the re-establishment of religion. The episcopal church, which had been so intolerant in the hour of her prosperity, was now overthrown and desolate, and out of her ruins speedily arose the simpler fabric of presbyterianism. Few of her clergy, and not one of her prelates, remained in the province. The last of the bishops, who left the country, was Leslie of Raphoe. After gallantly defending the episcopal castle, which he had erected at Raphoe, against the repeated assaults of the rebels, and relieving several besieged castles in that district, (3) he retired to Scotland in the latter end of June, and thence to England, where he joined the royalist party. Of the protestant laity who escaped the fury of the insurgents, few were conscientiously attached to prelacy. Even under the despotic sway of Strafford and the northern bishops, the reader has seen that little more than a reluctant and insincere conformity was effected by all their severities. When this oppressive constraint was removed, the majority hesitated not to declare their approbation of the scriptural forms of the Scottish church; while many who were in principle episcopalians, were, at this critical conjuncture, disposed to abandon that church, when they

successes against the rebels by colonel Clotworthy, about Mountjoy, in the county of Tyrone. Dated 28 July 1642." Lond. 1642. 4to.

34 In particular, he relieved Sir Ralph Gore of Magherabeg, in Donegal, who was reduced to great extremities; and this, too, after the Lagan forces had refused to hazard themselves in the attempt. Borlase, Pref. p. xiii. Lodge, iii. 281. The gallant bishop lived many years, and was advanced to the see of Clogher, after the Restoration.

beheld its prelates and higher clergy in the sister kingdom, opposed to the great cause of civil liberty. The number of those attached to presbytery, was still farther increased by the return of the original Scottish settlers or their descendants. This portion of the population had been greatly reduced by the continual emigration to Scotland, which had been going on during the last four years. But though peace was only partially restored, they had begun to revisit, in considerable numbers, this land of their adoption; and they returned still more firmly attached to their national church, which, during their sojourn in Scotland, they saw restored to her genuine character, and blessed with an eminent degree of purity and efficiency.

Owing to these circumstances, a preponderating majority of the protestants in Ulster were now decidedly in favour of presbyterianism, and desirous that the re-edification of the protestant church in Ulster might proceed upon that scriptural foundation.

The opportune arrival of the Scottish forces was happily instrumental in promoting this desired reformation. According to the salutary practice of the church and nation of Scotland, at this period, most of the regiments were accompanied by chaplains, who were ordained ministers, and firmly attached to the doctrine, worship, and government of their national church. By these prudent and zealous men, the foundations of the presbyterian church were once more laid in Ulster, in exact conformity with the parent establishment in Scotland. The effects of their labours remain to this day. By their agency, the Scottish church in Ulster assumed that regular and organized form which she still retains; and from this period, the history of her ministers, her congregations, and her ecclesiastical courts, as they now exist, can be traced in uninterrupted succession. The doctrines taught by these brethren, she still zealously inculcates and upholds; the forms of worship they introduced, continue to be strictly observed; and the government and discipline they founded, remain in