thousand years old, and that the creative week of Moses consisted of literal days; and so interpreted, the Mosaic narrative is true. Whatever may be his peculiarities of belief, all parties must bear testimony to his learning, genius, individuality, and pure independence of mind.

History, Biography, and Topography.

Memoirs of Mrs. Joanna Bethune. By her Son, the Rev. George W. BETHUNE, D.D. With an Appendix, containing Extracts from the Writings of Mrs. Bethune. 12mo., pp. 250. New York: Harper & Brothers. 1863.

Probably no feminine names have been more thoroughly identified with the history of benevolent institutions in the city of New York than those of Mrs. Isabella Graham and her daughter, Mrs. Joanna Bethune. The character of the former, for piety and active benevolence, has been held up for the emulation of all the young women in this part of the religious world; nor is it unknown on the other side of the Atlantic. We have an excellent and widely circulated biography of this lady, which was prepared by her daughter and son-in-law, Mrs. Joanna and Mr. Divie Bethune; and upon the announcement of this memoir we had hoped for a work of corre sponding interest: a companion volume. In this, however, we are obliged to acknowledge our disappointment. The "writings" are excellent, in spite of much sameness; but the biography proper is far too brief. True, there may be the best of reasons for this. The most actively benevolent people do not always leave an accurate record of their deeds; and when, as in the present case, the subject has outlived her colaborers by many years, we often find that while her praise may be on every tongue, very few connected details of special interest can be secured.

But further than this, whatever Dr. Bethune's abilities may have been as a "poet, scholar, preacher, and orator," he seems to us to have failed, in the present case, to appreciate the very first principle necessary to a biographical work; namely, to concentrate the main interest of the reader on the subject of the memoir. The various sketches given of the friends and colaborers of Mrs. Bethune, though interesting in themselves, are in some rather aristocratic instances quite irrelevant; while sketches of her nearest relatives, her husband, sisters, and children, are mostly omitted.

It is an interesting thought that while Mrs. Bethune lived to the remarkably advanced age of ninety-two years, her son hastened away almost immediately after her in the prime of manhood, and spent his last moments in erecting this monument to her memory.

J.

Politics, Law, and General Morals.

Political Fallacies; an Examination of the False Assumptions and Refutation of the Sophistical Reasonings which have brought on this Civil War. By GEORGE JUNKIN, D.D., LL.D. 12mo., pp. 332. New York: Charles Scribner. 1863.

Dr. Junkin, whose is a noted name among the Old School Calvinists, has for more than a dozen years been President of Washington College, an institution in Lexington, Va., which was first endowed by the illustrious man whose name it bears. During the discussions of the past years upon the slavery question, he has maintained the position of a mediator, and we may add, of a compromiser. The crisis found him in the full possession of a high social position and a wide popularity. In his firm stand against secession he was twice sustained by an overwhelming majority of Virginia voters. But what could voice and vote do against violence? The brute force of a despotic minority "precipitated" the state from the Union and the unionists from the state. Dr. Junkin's first experience was the erection of a secession banner upon the turrets of his college, in defiance of his authority; his next, the refusal of his faculty to sustain his loyalty; his third, a speedy exodus from the college and the state. Such was the nature of this pro-slavery rebellion; such the destiny of compromise and moderation in dealing with its lawless and bloody despotism. It is the fierce movement of a black oligarchy, asserting, in defiance of law, reason, or human rights, its unsparing supremacy. The strangest part of it all is, that with all his experience of its temper and dealings, and with all his perception of the anarchical character of the doctrines of secessionism, and with all the ability of his exposure, Dr. Junkin still fails to comprehend the enemy he and we are compelled to encounter. He still prattles in some of his pages of the guilt of those who early saw the character and designs of the oligarchy, and stood in firm resistance to its insolence. He does not yet comprehend that but for the foresight.and firmness of the class whom he denounces as Northern fanatics, this nation would have bowed beneath the iron sway of that accursed junto, and our republic would have been transformed, first in spirit and then in form, into a despotism. But for those northern fanatics, Dr. Junkin would never have dared to hold his position as a middle man. We can, however, indulge these prejudices and inconsistencies on his part. He has attested the sincerity of his opinions and the heroism of his metal by integrity in the trying hour, and the solemn ordeal of suffering.

The main purpose of Dr. Junkin's volume, and one which he has well performed, is the full exposure of the folly and fatality of the

doctrine of secession. This denationalizing heresy, which robs us of a country and gives us an anarchy, was the terrible bequest of that darkest, deepest, and most unscrupulous of all American traitors-in comparison with whose blackness and grandeur Benedict Arnold is white and Aaron Burr an animalcule-the infamous John C. Calhoun. Placing himself at the head of the slavery plot, this dogma was forged by him in the interest of slavery. At that time Andrew Jackson saw his plan, predicted that slavery would be the next great basis of disunion, and lamented that he had not at the proper moment visited the traitor's neck with the traitor's doom. John C. Calhoun taught the southerner that phrase of sectional treason, "My first allegiance is due my state," and Jefferson Davis and the rebellion are the consequence. Secessionism is national disintegration reduced to a theory.

Educational.

A Manual of Information and Suggestions for Object Lessons, in a Course of Elementary Instruction adapted to the Use of the School and Family Charts, and other Aids in Teaching. By MARCIUS WILLSON, Author of "Willson's Historical Series," ""School and Family Readers," etc., etc. 12mo., pp. 329. New York: Harper & Brothers. 1862.

This treatise is based upon what the author calls the "development system;" a plan of drawing out the perceptive faculties of the pupil by commenting upon and questioning him concerning various objects placed before him for his observation. A set of Charts of "Objects" is advertised to accompany this work, of which, however, we cannot speak from actual observation.

Pamphlets.

J.

Reviewers Reviewed. Brief Replies to various Criticisms and other Arguments. By C. F. HUDSON, author of "Debt and Grace as Related to the Doctrine of a Future Life." 18mo., pp. 44. New York: G. W. Carleton. In this little primer, Mr. Hudson runs the gauntlet of his reviewers

with a bravery unsurpassed this side of Vicksburg. He acknowledges a mistake or two of his own, but he finds the errors of his critics to be legion. So far as the Methodist Quarterly notices of him are concerned, we have no mistakes to acknowledge. One remark of ours, however, in regard to the Universalist views of the Greek words alívioç and didioç, had, we admit, no proper application to his theory. We also concede that he is correct in saying that the note in the commentary by the editor of this Quarterly, on Mark ix, 43, is not sustained by the Greek. As to our other points, all things are as they were before the genesis of this last creation of Mr. Hudson's genius.

THE

METHODIST QUARTERLY REVIEW.

JULY, 1863.

ART. I.-JOHN GOODWIN.

The Life of John Goodwin, A.M., sometime Fellow of Queen's College, Cambridge, and Vicar of Saint Stephen's, Coleman-street, London. Comprising an Account of his Opinions and Writings, and of the Controversies in which he was engaged in defense of Religious Liberty and of General Redemption. By THOMAS JACKSON. London, 1822.

Redemption Redeemed; wherein the Most Glorious Work of the Redemption of the World by Jesus Christ is vindicated against the Encroachments of Later Times. By JOHN GOODWIN, M.A. Reprinted from the Edition of 1651. London, 1840. An Exposition of the Ninth Chapter of the Epistle to the Romans. With the Banner of Justification Displayed. By JOHN GOODWIN, M.A. To which is added, Einvoμaxia: The Agreement and Distance of Brethren. With a Preface by THOMAS JACKSON, Author of the Life of the Rev. Richard Watson, etc., etc. London, 1835.

The Works of John Owen, D.D. Edited by THOMAS RUSSELL, M.A. With Memoirs of his Life and Writings, by WILLIAM ORME. Twenty-one volumes. London, 1826.

Memorabilia of John Owen: Presbyterian Quarterly Review, October, 1862.

MR. JACKSON'S life of "John Goodwin, the Arminian," is, very singularly, the first attempt to furnish the Christian public with a complete account of a remarkable divine who, in days that FOURTH SERIES, VOL. XV.-23

produced great men, was eminent among his brethren for learning and genius, and for the ability and courage with which he maintained his principles against the most powerful and irritating opposition. Those who have been conversant with his works, and therefore qualified to judge, have yielded him their heartiest admiration. Others, whose knowledge has been derived from the bitter personalities and gross misrepresentations found in the remains of his antagonists in many of the important controversies in which he was engaged, have greatly misunderstood his sentiments and conduct. He was in the minority. The royalists disliked, and finally crushed him for his politics. The Presbyterians persecuted him for his advocacy of toleration. The Calvinists hated him because he turned Arminian. That an Arminian Parliamentarian should have been honored, or even correctly represented, then or in the subsequent days of shameless and bigoted loyalty, was not to be expected.

John Goodwin was born in Norfolk, England, in the year 1593; educated at Cambridge; made Master of Arts, and elected Fellow of Queen's College November 10, 1617, in the twenty-fourth year of his age. How long he remained at the University we are not informed. After his removal, he preached occasionally at Raynum, Lynn, Yarmouth, and Norwich. In 1632, we find him at London; and Dec. 18, 1633, he became, at the request of the parishioners, vicar of St. Stephen's, Coleman-street, in place of John Davenport, who fled from the persecutions of Laud and became renowned as minister at New Haven, Connecticut. Goodwin's sermons were praised as uncommonly elegant and learned. His views of his office forbade the employment of his strength in support of ceremonial observances, or in a display of himself. He sought to subdue the judgments and consciences of men to the authority of Holy Scripture, and, in an age which tolerated clergy of immoral and scandalous lives, conscientiously applied himself to the duties of the Christian pastor. After a residence in London of fifteen years, he was spoken of as a man of "innocency and integrity in the cause of Christ, and great work and labor of love to Christ and his Churches ;" and many of his people regarded their attendance upon his ministry as one of the greatest blessings of their lives.

Goodwin's first appearance through the press was in the year