erected the building in the fecond court, and augmented the income of the foundation-scholarships. Mr. Peter Blundell, of Tiverton, clothier, founded two fellow fhips and two scholarfhips. Mr. Leonard Smith, citizen of London, founded one fellowship and one scholarship. Paul Micklewaite, D.D. and fome time fellow, founded two scholarships. Mr. Downham Yeomans, of Cambridge, founded three scholarships. Mr. Samuel Taylor Dudley founded the mathematical lecture. bert Johnson, D.D. archdeacon of Leicester, founded four exhibitions. Francis Comber, Efq. gave fome exhibitions to be enjoyed by his relations, and their defcendants that might be members of the college. Several of the fellowships and fcholarflips were augmented by the noble benefaction bequeathed by Sir John Brereton. Two exhibitions, of 127. per ann. each, were given by Mr. William Bearcroft, for clergyinen's orphans. The late mafter, Dr. Francis Sawyer Parris, bequeathed to the college his large and valuable library, together with the fum of 600 1.

They have, therefore, feven foundation-fellowships, and ten bye-foundation-fellowships; twenty foundation-fcholarships, and twenty-four bye-foundation-scholarships; befide the mathematical lecture and several exhibitions.

The college is fituate on the eaft fide of Bridge-ftreet, and confifts of two courts built of brick.

The Chapel has been lately re-built in an elegant manner, and, including the ante-chapel, is fifty-feven feet long and twenty-four broad.

The Hall is about fixty feet long, twenty-feven broad, and proportionably high; and is one of the most elegant rooms of the kind in the univerfity. There is a beautiful bow window near the upper end, and a handfome gallery for mufic, fupported by pillars, which forms a grand veftibule at the entrance. The ceiling and walls are neatly ornamented with fret work; and the reft of the room, with the fcreens, are answerable to it.

The Library is over part of the mafter's lodge and the antechapel, and is well furnished with books. There is a human kull perfectly petrified, or rather incrufted with a hard fandftone, except the teeth, which are white, hard, and found, and not at all changed. It was found in the island of Crete, about ten yards below the furface, and brought into England in 1627. It was esteemed fo great a curiofity, that Charles I. was defirous of fecing it; and accordingly it was fent up to the famous Dr. Harvey by Dr. Ward, then master of the college, for his majesty's infpection. It is now broken, and some of it gone.

The Mafter's Lodge is well fitted up and furnished with por traits; and the fellows have a pleafant garden, with a good and fpacious bowling-green.

PRIZES. The following prizes, for the promotion of learning by means of emulation, have been established by various noble and public-fpirited perfons.

In 1751, the duke of Newcastle, chancellor of the university, eftablished a premium of two gold medals, value ten guineas each, to be given to two perfons, who, after having the academical honours of fenior optime conferred upon them, fhall be found, after a fecond examination before certain perfons appointed by his grace, to excel in claffical learning. This premium is ftill continued by the duke of Grafton, the prefent chancellor of the university.

The Hon. Mr. Finch, and the Hon. Mr. Townshend, after the example of the chancellor, gave yearly two prizes of fifteen guineas each, to two fenior bachelors of arts, and the like to two middle bachelors, who fhall compofe the beft exercifes in Latin profe, which are to be read publicly by them, on a day to be appointed near the commencement by the vice-chancellor. Each candidate fends his exercife privately, and without his name, and not in his own hand, but revifed and pointed by himfelf, to the vice-chancellor, with fome Latin verfe upon it; and he, at the fame time, fends a paper fealed up with the fame Latin verfe on the outfide; which paper inclofes another paper folded up, with the candidate's name written within. The papers, containing the names of thofe candidates who do not fucceed, are deftroyed unopened; by which fecrecy, the modesty of thofe who might otherwife be diftreffed by a repulfe is effectually confulted. Thefe prizes have alfo been continued by the members of parliament for the university.

Mr. Seaton, by a claufe in his will, dated October 8, 1738, gave his Kiflinbury eftate to the University of Cambridge for ever: the rents of which fhould be difpofed of yearly by the vice-chancellor, for the time being, as he, the vice-chancellor, the mafter of Clare Hall, and the Greek profeflor for the time being, or any two of them fhould agree. Thefe three perfons were to give out a subject; which, for the first year, should be one of the perfections or attributes of the Supreme Being; and so the fucceeding years, till the fubject was exhaufted; and afterwards the fubject thould be either Death, Judgment, Heaven, Hell, Purity of Heart, &c. or whatever elfe might be judged by the vice-chancellor and other two perfons to be more conducive to the honour of the Supreme Being, and recommendation of virtue. And that they fhould yearly difpofe of the rent of the above eftate to that mafter of arts, whofe poem on the fubject

given should be beft approved by them. Which poem was always ordained to be in English, and to be printed; the expence of which should be deducted out of the product of the eftate, and the residue given as a reward for the compofer of the poem, ode, or copy of verfes. The eftate now produces about 16, per ann.

The late reverend and learned Dr. Robert Smith, F. R. S. mafter of Trinity College, bequeathed, by will, two annual premiums of 25. each, to thofe junior bachelors of arts who fhall appear, on examination, to be the beft proficients in mathematics and natural philosophy.

The late Sir William Browne, Knt. M.D. by a clause in his will, directed his executors to fend to the vice-chancellor annually two gold medals, each of five guineas value, to be given by him at the commencement to two under-graduates, one of whom fhall deliver the beft Greek ode in imitation of Sappho, the other the best Latin ode in imitation of Horace. And by a claufe in his codicil, he bequeathed a third gold medal, of equal value, to be given to the under-graduate who fhall produce the best Greek epigram after the model of Anthologia, and the beft Latin epigram after the model of Martial. Sir William Browne alfo gave an annual rent charge of 20 l. for founding a classical scholarship: the scholar elected to remove to Peterhouse; and, in cafe of failure of iffue from his next heir, he demifed his whole real estate to the univerfity, for founding two phyfic fellowships, and further encouraging claffical learning.

The late John Norris, Efq. of Witton, in Norfolk, by will, dated September 22, 1768, founded a new divinity profefforfhip, with a falary of 105 1. per ann.; and the Rev. John Hey, D.D. of Sidney College, was elected the first Norrisian profeffor, May 1, 1780. He alfo bequeathed a premium of 127, to the author of the best profe English effay on a facred subject: 71. 45. of the aforefaid 12 /. to be expended upon a gold medal; one fide representing the New Testament and the Crofs, with this infcription round it, the wisdom of God unto Salvation; the reverse, the Refurrection, with the infcription death is fwallowed up in victory; upon the edge, where the milling of our current coin is expreffed, these words, the Norrifian Prize; and, if room were left, the name of the successful candidate, and the date of the year. The refidue of the 127. viz. 4/. 16s. to be disposed of in books; which are to be, the Bible, bifhop Sherlock's Difcourfes, 4 vols. Leland against the Deistical Writers, and Pearfon on the Creed; upon the left hand cover of each book fhall be pafted a copper-plate impreffion of one of the fides of the medal: and directed the fum of 18 s. to be laid out

in books, viz. The New Teftament, and The great Importance of a Religious Life, to be annually given to the prifoners who

can read.

John lord Craven gave 50 l. per annum to two scholars, the beft proficients in claffical learning, &c. The electors are, the vice-chancellor, the five regius profeffors, and the orator. William Battie, M. D. left an eftate of upwards of 20 l. per annum, to one scholar, on a similar plan.

William Worts, Efq. formerly efquire-beadel of the univer fity, gave two penfions of 100 % per annum each, to two travelling bachelors of arts.

The Rev. John Hulfe, by his will, dated 21ft July, 1777, after the lapfe of a great number of annuities, and the payment of feveral legacies and donations, bequeathed to the univerfity a yearly revenue of about 150l. for preaching and publishing twenty fermons, yearly, in vindication of the general authority, and particular evidences of Chriftianity; and an annuity of equal value to the former, for the establishment of a writer, who is to publish a book every year, tending to the confirmation of the doctrines, or the removal of fome difficulties in Christianity. The writer is to be called the Chriftian Advocate. The remaining produce of the estate, out of which thefe ftipends are to be paid, is to be appropriated to the founding of two scholarships in St. John's, each of which will be 40. per annum. The vice-chancellor for the time being, and the heads of Trinity and St. John's, are to have the nomination in all these appointments.

DEGREES. The students, according to their ftanding and proficiency in learning, are entitled to the degrees of bachelor and master of arts, bachelor and doctor in divinity, phyfic, and law. The time required by the ftatutes for ftudying in the univerfity, before each can be qualified for taking the faid degrees, is three years for a bachelor, and about four years more for a master of arts; seven years after that he may commence bachelor of divinity, and then five years more are required to take the degree of doctor in divinity. In law, a ftudent may commence bachelor after fix years, and in phyfic after five years standing: both may be proctors at the end of five years more. The proper time for conferring thefe degrees is called the commencement, which is always the first Tuesday in July, when the masters of arts, and doctors of all faculties, complete their degrees refpectively. The examination for the degree of bachelor of arts ufually begins on the Monday fe'nnight after the Epiphany, and the degree is completed on the fecond tripos-day next following. Perfons are commonly admitted to the degree of bachelors in divinity on the 11th of June. The nobi

lity, which includes baronets, as fuch, are entitled to degrees without waiting the ftatutable time. In the year 1786, fome difputes having arofe concerning the practice of conferring degrees in right of nobility, the ftatutes were examined, and it was determined that the following perfons were entitled to honorary degrees: viz. 1. Privy-counsellors.-2. Bishops.-3. Noblemen-Dukes, Marquiffes, Earls, Vifcounts, Barons.4. Sons of Noblemen.-5. Perfons related to the king by confanguinity or affinity, provided they be alfo honourable.-6. The eldeft fons of fuch perfons.-7. Baronets.-8. Knights. The two laft to the degree of M. A. only.

SENATE. The Senate is compofed of all the doctors and masters of arts in the university, and is divided into two bodies or houses. The first confifts of regents, or those who have not been masters of arts five years: they are alfo called whitehoods, from the hoods of their official dreffes being lined with white filk. The fecond, of non-regents, or those who have taken the degree of mafter upwards of five years, but have not advanced to the degree of doctor; these are called black-hoods for a fimilar reafon. The doctors under two years ftanding vote folely in the regent-houfe; but all others, with the public orator, may vote in which houfe they pleafe; and either houfe is competent to reject a question. In the fenate-house the election of all officers takes place; the appointments of the magiftrates, the admiffion to degrees, and all other important bufinefs of the univerfity. No language but Latin is permitted to be spoken at any official meeting in the fenate-house. Some questions are determined by the body collective, as the choice of members of parliament. At the election in 1790, the number of members who voted was 684; abfent, or did not vote, 181; in all 865. The privilege of fending members to parliament was first granted to the university by James I. in 1604.

TERMS. The following is an invariable rule for the beginning and ending of the Cambridge Terms, without any exception of Sundays or holidays.

Michaelmas Term begins on the 10th of October, and ends on the 16th of December.

Lent Term begins on the 13th of January, and ends on the Friday before Palm Sunday.

Trinity Term, or (as it is more commonly called), May Term, begins on the Wednesday after Eafter week, and ends on the Friday after the commencement.

SCHOOLS. After the univerfities, it may be proper to mention a few of the public fchools for the education of youth, preparatory to their admiffion at Oxford or Cambridge, which